Medical institutions adapt digital based archiving of patients records images to fulfil its advantages like availability, easy sharing, high resolution etc. Digital form of records brings apart from advantages also disadvantages at security risks. It is easier attacking, stealing, using without authorization etc. This thesiss deals with this security issues, describes the needs and approaches to security, explains the reasons for deployment of watermarking. It names three main methods of medical image watermarking and compares their plus and cons: zero, reversible and watermarking in Region Of Non Interest (RONI). New method of Zero-reversible-RONI watermarking, that combine advantages of described methods, is proposed. For practical tests of properities of proposed method was used huge database of medical images. Application of the proposed method on this database delivers very promising results. Practical results discussion and comparison with other medical imaging watermarkikng methods are at the end of this thesis.

This thesis deals with the phenomenon of sleeping and its variations. It is the outcome of long-term field research and participant observation. At the core of my research is a sleep laboratory from which I freely venture into other fields. I draw not only on a number of interviews and observations but I also reflect upon my own physical experience with various sleeping modes or gained from the position of both the subject and supervisor of sleep medicine. By way of employing qualitative research methods I map the sphere of sleep as a social construct and its embedding as a value. I furthermore try to see how much the social construct of sleep can be influenced. I focus on the issue of the current value of sleep and the impacts on the formation of the social construct of sleep by society and a specific time period. I try to switch the perspective, too: my goal is to identify whether sleep is such a resistant phenomenon on the grounds of its biological essence so that it can withstand or at least moderate these forces. I take a theoretical recourse to medical anthropology and use it as my initial perspective. I employ the concept of biopower and risk society, as well as the methodology of carnal anthropology. Due to its inconspicuousness and hiddenness, I consider the phenomenon of sleep and other...

This diploma thesis focuses specifically on the phenomenon of self-medication with cannabis (Cannabis Sativa L.) in the Czech Republic exploring subjective perception of this treatment by ill persons and its sociocultural framework. It describes a situation when the state fails to effectively regulate medical cannabis and patients often seek practices of self-medication, which remains illegal. Theoretical part of this thesis aims to explain the self- medication and cannabis use in the sociocultural context. Practical part is based on an anthropological research, which was implemented in the Czech Republic from January 1, 2017 to May 1, 2017 in a form of the on-line qualitative questionnaire survey. The research sample consists of 107 subjects, who used cannabis and its derives for self-medication. The analysis was done by the Grounded theory method. The results demonstrate that people who seek cannabis self-medication in the Czech Republic consider current legal regulation of cannabis objectionable. Cannabis plants for self-medication are usually grown at home and people find information about specifics of the treatment on-line. Looking at experience of patients, this thesis describes specifics of the practices of cannabis self-medication and it could be useful for organizations working with...

Background: In Kazakhstan, opioid substitution therapy (OST) has been a controversial topic since its introduction in 2008. Aim: To examine and analyse factors influencing approach towards OST among OST patients, opioid-dependent drug users who could re-consider engagement in this therapeutic method, as well as attitudes of selected key organisations and their representatives. Methods: A survey method complemented by semi-structured individual and group interviews has been selected. One hundred respondents participated in the study between October and December 2015. The first group consisted of 46 OST patients. The second group consisted of 54 respondents who met criteria for opioid dependence. This group included patients of residential treatment centres, former OST patients and current injecting drug users. Key persons were interviewed about their attitudes. Results: Patients receiving OST, with the average treatment duration of 29.4 months, reported improved health, improved social functioning and financial well-being, as well as reduction of their involvement in crime. This group showed better results in all examined categories. Most (80 %) were satisfied with the treatment, even though a number of shortcomings have been reported. All OST patients considered necessary to expand the availability...

This paper is about a process of a nascency of new doctors, and how it is possible to approach this topic from the viewpoint of social anthropologist. As a starting point, I use actor-network theory, which is one of the social science paradigms focusing on materiality. I consider it (on the basis of work by Bruno Latour and other scholars, who are dealing with this field), to be a remarkable actor in matters connected with human action, and thus an appropriate subject for an anthropological inquiry. Since the topic concerns medicine in the Czech Republic nowadays, I contribute to the knowledge of medical anthropology, which does not have such a strong academic base here as in the Anglo-Saxon world. Special attention is dedicated to a detailed description of activities leading to the formation of the text of this thesis. Reflexivity, on which I put emphasis, shall serve as the foundation of the context of genesis of an anthropological knowledge and also to describe the ethical concerns of the research. The main methods are observation and semi-structured in-depth interviews with twelve informants, who were medicine students or medicine faculty graduates.

Termovizní zobrazování i 3D skenování jsou v současné době rychle se rozvíjející technologie. Obě technologie mají mnoho výhod, které by mohly být užitečné v medicíně. Jejich datová fúze přináší ještě více nových diagnostických informací, než kdyby byly použity samostatně. Cílem této práce je vývoj multispektrálního 3D skenovacího systému založeného na novém způsobu snímání pomocí robotického manipulátoru vybaveného laserovým snímačem, teplotní kamerou a barevnou kamerou. Navržené řešení přináší jak flexibilitu, tak přesnost. Tento systém skenování je dále využit v klinických aplikacích, aby byly ověřeny jeho schopnosti a ukázány přínosy nad rámec současného stavu techniky.

This Thesis deals with the problems of medical image data management. It analyzes a metadata extraction problem from medical format DICOM and their efficient saving. System is designed as a client-server application. System provides an interface for DICOM data storing, interface for searching, data editing and exporting. System cooperatives with the collaborative system VCE. Implementation was carried out in C++ and PHP language with support of SQLite and MySQL database.

This thesis discusses possibilities of accelerated 3D scene displaying in a Web browser. In more detail, it deals with WebGL standard and its use in real applications. An application for visualization of volumetric medical data based on JavaScript, WebGL and Three.js library was designed and implemented. Image data are loaded from Google Drive cloud storage. An important part of the application is 3D visualization of the volumetric data based on volume rendering technique called Ray-casting.

The thesis is based on three months of participant observation in a long-term care facility in 2010 and interviews conducted during next three years. It draws from a perspectives of medical anthropology and anthropology of institutions. The focus is on an ethnography of institution for clients with chronic mental disease, dementia and substance abuse. The thesis is mapping institution's components and actors, their social life and relationships in the institution. The analyses is based upon the concept of total institution by Erving Goffman, and draws from thoughts of Josef Pieper, Martin Buber, Emanuel Lévinas and Michel Foucault. A long-term facility is an institution, which shares clients and some of problems with classical examples of total institutions, but recent reforms aimed to minimalize features of total institutions. Still it does not seem to be a vital institution and new aspects of social situation of staff and clients are recognized. Among new problems is non-existence of therapy for the inhabitants, their marginalization through poor financial situation in an institution, where lot of services are paid and little continuity to other forms of care of more community and ambulant character. Key words: total institution, long-term facility, psychiatric care, medical anthropology,...

This thesis deals with CT data segmentation using convolutional neural nets and describes the problem of training with limited training sets. User interaction is suggested as means of improving segmentation quality for the models trained on small training sets and the possibility of using transfer learning is also considered. All of the chosen methods help improve the segmentation quality in comparison with the baseline method, which is the use of automatic data specific segmentation model. The segmentation has improved by tens of percents in Dice score when trained with very small datasets. These methods can be used, for example, to simplify the creation of a new segmentation dataset.