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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Reavalia??o dos caracteres da placa peritrem?tica e fest?es para a diagnose de Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897), na regi?o Sudeste / Reevaluation of peritremal plate characters and festoons for the diagnosis of Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897), in the Southeast region

GAZ?TA, Gilberto Salles 19 July 1993 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-04-10T18:37:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1993 - Gilberto Salles Gaz?ta.pdf: 930210 bytes, checksum: 0c425531817e903d01966c5e960cb65b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T18:37:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1993 - Gilberto Salles Gaz?ta.pdf: 930210 bytes, checksum: 0c425531817e903d01966c5e960cb65b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993-07-19 / CNPq / Two hundred and four females and one hundred and twenty males of Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897), obtained of equines from 12 districts in the Southern part of Brazil were analyzed morphologically concerning its peritremal plate and festoons, that are taxonomics parameters utilized for diagnosis of this species. The number of peritremal plate should variation with predominant asymmetry. Variations observed in the peritremal plate of males and females of A. nitens suggest the formation of cline in Minas Gerais State going to Rio de Janeiro State and S?o Paulo State. The number of festoons in males and females of the species analyzed was equal to the one characterized in the diagnosis of A. nitens / Duzentos e quatro f?meas e cento e vinte machos de Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897), oriundos de equ?deos localizados em 12 munic?pios da regi?o Sudeste, foram analisados morfologicamente quanto aos caracteres placa peritrem?ticas e fest?es, par?metros taxon?micos utilizados na diagnose desta esp?cie. As varia??es ocorridas nas Placas Peritrem?tica de macho e f?meas de A. nitens, sugerem a forma??o de ?cline? a partir do Estado de Minas Gerais, em dire??o ao Estado do Rio de Janeiro e ao Estado de S?o Paulo. O n?mero de fest?es dos esp?cimes analisados foi igual, em machos e f?meas, ?quele caracterizados na diagnose de A. nitens.
2

Biodiversidade de helmintos de Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 (Scombridae) da costa do Rio de Janeiro / Helminth biodiversity of Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 (Scombridae) from the coast of Rio de Janeiro

MORENO, Aline Braga 25 February 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-10T19:41:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Braga Moreno.pdf: 3503961 bytes, checksum: 9ee745976fac8dfd56f36e7a0d024468 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T19:41:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Braga Moreno.pdf: 3503961 bytes, checksum: 9ee745976fac8dfd56f36e7a0d024468 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / CAPES / FAPERJ / Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Previous studies on the helminth fauna of scombrid fish from the Brazilian coast included reports on Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 and Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789. Nowadays its considered that only S. colias occurs in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, forming different populations. To assess and revise the parasite biodiversity of S. colias off the coast of Rio de Janeiro State, 69 fish from Public Markets of S?o Pedro da Aldeia and Serop?dica were collected and analyzed, from March 2013 to November 2014. Fish were examined and all organs were individualized in Petri dishes containing saline solution 0.7% to be analyzed under the stereo microscope. The parasites were fixed in 70% etanol, AFA or 4% formalin. The Nematoda were cleared and examined in temporary mounts with glycerin and Monogenea, Trematoda and Cestoda were stained with Semichon's acid carmine or Gomori's trichrome and examined as permanent mounts in Canada balsam. The taxonomic identification was made by measuring with the ocular micrometer, by illustrations using a camera clara, and by studies on scanning electron microscopy and molecular techniques. The prevalence, intensity amplitude, mean abundance and standard deviation were calculated per each parasite species. Parasite community study was made at the infracomunity level using the data of 50 fish collected in a single sample from S?o Pedro da Aldeia, which represents a component community. The mean richness, mean total abundance and the mean of Berger-Parker dominance index, mean Bray-Curtis similarity and the mean of Brillouin diversity index of the infracommunities were also calculated. Additionally, using the SIMPER procedure, were also identified the species that contributed most to the similarity between the infracommunities. We collected 578 parasites belonging to 9 taxa: Monogenea (Grubea cochlear and Kuhnia scombri), Digenea (Aponurus laguncula, Lecithocladium harpodontis and Allonematobothrioides scombri - new host record and new geographical distribution), Cestoda (Scolex pleuronectis) and Nematoda (Raphidascaris sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Anisakidae gen. sp. larvae). Raphidascaris sp. was the most prevalent (64%), followed by K. scombri (60%) and A. laguncula (38%). The most abundant species was K. scombri (2.30% ? 3.73). The mean infracommunity richness was 2.14 ? 1.09 with a total mean abundance of 7.08 ? 7.24. The mean Berger-Parker dominance index was 0.67 ? 0.27, K.scombri, Raphidascaris sp. and A.laguncula being the most dominant species. The Bray-Curtis similarity index between infracommunities was relatively low (32.78 ? 26.20) and Raphidascaris sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. were contributing most to the similarity. / Os trabalhos pr?vios sobre a helmintofauna de peixes escombr?deos da costa brasileira inclu?ram refer?ncias em Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 e Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789. Hoje se considera que apenas S. colias ocorre no Oceano Atl?ntico, Mar Mediterr?neo e Mar Negro, onde forma popula??es distintas. Com o objetivo de avaliar e revisar a biodiversidade parasit?ria de S. colias, do litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram coletados e analisados 69 peixes provenientes de Mercados P?blicos dos Munic?pios de S?o Pedro da Aldeia e Serop?dica, no per?odo de Mar?o de 2013 a Novembro de 2014. Os peixes foram necropsiados e todos os ?rg?os foram individualizados em placas de Petri com solu??o salina 0,7% para serem examinados no microsc?pio estereosc?pico. Os parasitos foram fixados em ?lcool a 70%, AFA ou formalina a 4%. Os Nematoda foram diafanizados e examinados em l?minas tempor?rias com glicerina e os Monogenea, Trematoda e Cestoda corados em Carmim de Semichon ou Tricr?mico de Gomori e examinados em l?minas permanentes montadas em B?lsamo do Canad?. A identifica??o taxon?mica foi feita atrav?s de medidas com aux?lio de ocular microm?trica, desenhos em c?mara clara, estudos por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e t?cnicas moleculares. Foram calculadas a preval?ncia, amplitude de intensidade, abund?ncia m?dia e desvio padr?o para cada esp?cie de parasito. Os estudos de comunidades se realizaram a n?vel de infracomunidade com os dados de 50 peixes coletados em uma ?nica amostra em S?o Pedro de Aldeia, que representa uma comunidade componente. Foram tamb?m calculadas a riqueza m?dia, a abund?ncia total m?dia, ?ndice m?dio de domin?ncia de Berger-Parker e os ?ndices m?dios de similaridade de Bray-Curtis e de diversidade de Brioullin. Adicionalmente, utilizando o procedimento SIMPER, foram avaliadas as esp?cies que mais contribu?ram para a similaridade entre as infracomunidades. Foram coletados 578 parasitos, pertencentes a 9 taxa: Monogenea (Grubea cochlear e Kuhnia scombri), Digenea (Aponurus laguncula, Lecithocladium harpodontis e Allonematobothrioides scombri ? novo hospedeiro e nova distribui??o geogr?fica), Cestoda (Scolex pleuronectis) e Nematoda (Raphidascaris sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Anisakidae gen. sp. larva). Raphidascaris sp. apresentou maior preval?ncia (64%), seguido por K. scombri (60%) e A. laguncula (38%). A esp?cie mais abundante foi K. scombri (2,30% ? 3,73). A riqueza m?dia de esp?cies a n?vel de infracomunidade foi de 2,14?1,09 com uma abund?ncia total de 7,08?7,24. As infracomunidades apresentaram um ?ndice de domin?ncia de Berger-Parker de 0,67?0,27 sendo as esp?cies mais dominantes K.scombri, Raphidascaris sp. e A.laguncula. O ?ndice de similaridade de Bray-Curtis entre as infracomunidades foi relativamente baixo (32,78?26,20) e as esp?cies Raphidascaris sp. e Hysterothylacium sp. foram as que mais contribu?ram para a similaridade.
3

Avalia??o micol?gica e micotoxicol?gica de ra??es fornecidas na dieta de til?pias em criat?rios

Barbosa, Tatiana Salom?o 09 February 2011 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-07-29T12:59:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Tatiana Salom?o Barbosa.pdf: 562866 bytes, checksum: 6cdcd52bb7ab78c9cb4b4a47f918a85c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-29T12:59:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Tatiana Salom?o Barbosa.pdf: 562866 bytes, checksum: 6cdcd52bb7ab78c9cb4b4a47f918a85c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior- CAPES. / BARBOSA, Tatiana Salom?o. Mycological and mycotoxicological evaluation of feed supplied in the diet of tilapias in breeding. 2011. 37 p. Dissertation (Master?s Degree in Science and Technology of Food). Technology Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011. Pisciculture is a specific branch of aquaculture aimed at raising fish in captivity. For its great advantages tilapia stand out as the queens of modern pisciculture and its cultivation has been pointed out by experts as a promising activity in the world and especially in Brazil due to its potential hydrological, climatic conditions and excellent satisfactory production of grains used in manufacturing ration. It is known these grains are highly susceptible to fungal contamination with possible formation of mycotoxins, and this constitutes a major problem worldwide. Among the genera evolved in mycotoxins production is Aspergillus, Penicillium e Fusarium. The most prevalent mycotoxins are aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, zearalenone and trichothecenes. These are substances capable of affecting the productivity with serious economic losses and risks to animal and human health. Then, this study aimed to determine the water activity and the total contaminant mycoflora, to establish the occurrence of species potentially mycotoxin-producing belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, to determine the presence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1 and to characterize mycotoxins profile of toxigenic strains isolated from feed supplied in the diet of tilapia in piscicultures. ,Samples (60) were collected from commercial feed directly from the fish-farming properties in Central and South regions of Rio de Janeiro. Water activity was measured . The total mycoflora was determined by serial decimal dilution plate and fungal colonies were identified at genera level. The identification of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. followed specific taxonomic keys. The profile was conducted to toxigenic strains potentially ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 producers isolated from the samples. The determination of the natural incidence of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 was performed by thin layer chromatography and fumonisin B1 was determined by ELISA kits. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparisons of means by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The average of the aW of the samples was 0.61 ? 0.041 in the Central Region and 0.58 ? 0.060 in the South, both below the value considered optimal for fungal growth and mycotoxin production. Mean levels of fungal contamination were 1.0 x 103 CFU g-1 in the Central and 4.7 x 103 CFU g-1 in the South region, being within the recommended standards for international Good Manufacturing Practice for feed, which is 1.0 x 104 CFU g-1 The most isolated genera were Cladosporium (85%), Aspergillus (68%) and Penicillium (60%). The most frequent species were P. citrinum (31%), A. niger aggregate (21%) and A. flavus (20%). All isolates of A. niger aggregate were negative for the capacity to produce ochratoxin A. Among the A. flavus strains, 16% were positive for the production aflatoxin B1. Concerning the natural incidence of mycotoxins, the samples had detectable levels of fumonisin B1 (98%), aflatoxin B1 (55%) and ochratoxin A (2%). The detection of mycotoxins in almost all the feed samples analyzed highlights the need to implement good agriculture and manufacturing practices, in order to ensure the safety of feed and to reduce the risk of mycotoxicosis occurrence. / BARBOSA, Tatiana Salom?o. Avalia??o micol?gica e micotoxicol?gica de ra??es fornecidas na dieta de til?pias em criat?rios. 2011. 37 p. Disserta??o (Mestrado em Ci?ncia e Tecnologia de Alimentos). Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011. A piscicultura ? um ramo espec?fico da aq?icultura voltada para a cria??o de peixes em cativeiro. Por suas grandes vantagens as til?pias se destacam como as rainhas da piscicultura moderna e seu cultivo vem sendo apontado por especialistas como promissora atividade no mundo e principalmente no Brasil em decorr?ncia do seu potencial hidrogr?fico, condi??es clim?ticas excelentes e produ??o satisfat?ria de gr?os utilizados na fabrica??o de ra??o. Sabese que estes gr?os s?o altamente suscept?veis ? contamina??o f?ngica com poss?vel forma??o de micotoxinas, o constitui um problema de grande import?ncia em n?vel mundial. Dentre os g?neros f?ngicos envolvidos na produ??o de micotoxinas destacam-se o Aspergillus, Penicillium e Fusarium. As micotoxinas de maior preval?ncia s?o as aflatoxinas, ocratoxina A, fumonisinas, zearalenona e tricotecenos. Estas s?o subst?ncias capazes de afetar os par?metros produtivos, com graves perdas econ?micas e riscos para a sa?de animal e humana. Assim, este estudo objetivou determinar a atividade de ?gua e a micobiota total contaminante, estabelecer a ocorr?ncia de esp?cies potencialmente produtoras de micotoxinas pertencentes aos g?neros Aspergillus, Penicillium e Fusarium, determinar a presen?a de aflatoxina B1, ocratoxina A e fumonisina B1 e caracterizar o perfil tox?geno de cepas de esp?cies isoladas de amostras de ra??es fornecidas na alimenta??o de til?pias provenientes de pisciculturas. Para isto, foram coletadas 60 amostras de ra??es comerciais diretamente das propriedades piscicultoras nas regi?es Centro e Sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As amostras tiveram sua atividade de ?gua aferida. Em seguida, a micobiota total foi determinada pelo m?todo de dilui??o decimal seriada em placa. Depois de isoladas, as col?nias foram identificadas em n?vel de g?nero. A identifica??o de Aspergillus spp. e Penicillium spp. seguiu chaves taxon?micas espec?ficas. O perfil tox?geno foi realizado para as cepas potencialmente produtoras de ocratoxina A e de aflatoxina B1 isoladas das amostras. A determina??o da incid?ncia natural destas micotoxinas foi realizada atrav?s de cromatografia em camada delgada. A determina??o da presen?a de fumonisina B1 nas amostras foi feita atrav?s de kits ELISA. Os resultados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA) e compara??o de m?dias pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). A m?dia obtida da Aa das amostras foi de 0,61 ? 0,041 na Regi?o Centro e de 0,58 ? 0,060 na Regi?o Sul, ambas abaixo do valor considerado ?timo para o crescimento f?ngico e produ??o de micotoxinas. Os n?veis m?dios de contamina??o f?ngica foram de 1,0 x 103 UFC g-1 no Centro e de 4,7 x 103 UFC g-1 no Sul do Estado, ficando dentro dos padr?es recomendados pelas Boas Pr?ticas de Fabrica??o internacional para a alimenta??o animal, que ? de 1,0 x 104 UFC g-1 de amostra. Os g?neros f?ngicos mais isolados foram Cladosporium (85%), Aspergillus (68%) e Penicillium (60%). As esp?cies mais freq?entes foram P. citrinum (31%), A. niger agregados (21%) e A. flavus (20%). Todas as cepas isoladas de A. niger agregados foram negativas para o teste de capacidade produtora de ocratoxina A. Dentre as cepas de A. flavus isoladas, 16% foram positivas para a produ??o de aflatoxina B1. Quanto ? incid?ncia natural de micotoxinas, 98% das amostras apresentaram n?veis detect?veis de fumonisina B1, 55% de aflatoxina B1 e 2% de ocratoxina A. A detec??o de micotoxinas em quase todas as amostras de ra??o analisadas ressalta a necessidade de implanta??o de boas pr?ticas de agricultura e de fabrica??o, a fim de se garantir um alimento mais seguro e reduzindo os riscos da ocorr?ncia de micotoxicoses.
4

O antagonismo com acetamida em experimentos com ovinos, caprinos e coelhos indica monofluoroacetato como princ?pio t?xico de Pseudocalymma elegans / Antagonism of acetamid in experiments with sheep, goats and rabbits indicates that monofluoroacetate is the toxic principle of Pseudocalymma elegans

Helayel, Michel Jos? Sales Abdalla 16 March 2011 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-19T11:49:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Michel Jos? Sales A. Helayel.pdf: 11350186 bytes, checksum: ab1a4bf6f150ee6e971e58207f995bff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T11:49:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Michel Jos? Sales A. Helayel.pdf: 11350186 bytes, checksum: ab1a4bf6f150ee6e971e58207f995bff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of acetamid in experimental poisoning by Pseudocalymma elegans in sheep, goats and rabbits, in order to prove indirectly that monofluoroacetate (MF) is responsible for the clinical signs and death of animals that ingested the plant. Experiments were performed to determine for sheep and goats the lethal dose of P. elegans collected in Rio Bonito, RJ, in different seasons, and to adjust the dose of acetamid to be administered. In the first experiment, four animals received 1.0g/kg of fresh P. elegans, and two others were pretreated with 2.0g/kg of acetamid. None of the animals showed clinical signs or died. Possibly, the plant could be less toxic, since it was collected at the end of the rainy season. In the second experiment, two sheep and two goats received 0.67 and 1.0g/kg of the dried plant, after pretreatment with 2.0 and 3.0g/kg of acetamid, respectively. All animals died, as the administered doses of P. elegans were very high. In the third experiment, two sheep and two goats received 0.333g/kg of dried P. elegans after previous administration of 2.0g/kg of acetamid; a week later, the protocol above was repeated, but without the antidote. In experiments with rabbits, doses of 0.5 and 1.0g/kg of dried P. elegans were given after administration of 3.0g/kg of acetamid; seven days later, the same protocol was repeated, except the administration of acetamide. This procedure, when acetamid was administered before, prevented the appearance of clinical signs and death of sheep, goats and rabbits. But the animals not treated with acetamid showed symptoms of poisoning and died. Clinically, the sheep and goats had tachycardia, engorged jugular vein, positive venous pulse, lateral recumbence, and muscle tremors. In the "dramatic phase?, the animals fell into lateral position, stretched the limbs, were paddling and died within minutes. The rabbits showed apathy, muscle tremors, vocalization and lateral decumbence minutes before death. At postmortem examination, the sheep and goats had engorged jugular veins and atria, dilated Vena cava cranialis and caudalis, as well as pulmonary edema, hepatic congestion and edema of the gallbladder subserosa. In rabbits, the main macroscopic alterations were dilated atria, engorged Vena cava cranialis and caudalis, and congested liver and diaphragm vessels. Histopathology revealed, in two sheep and one goat, vacuolar-hydropic degeneration of the distal convoluted kidney tubules, together with caryopicnosis. In the rabbits, the liver showed severe congestion with numerous shock corpuscles. The experimental results show indirectly that MF is to be held responsible for death of the animals that ingested P. elegans; since "acetate donor" compounds, such as acetamid, are capable to reduce the competitive inhibition of MF for the same active site (Coenzyme A) which prevents the formation of fluorocitrate, its active metabolite, formed in the body through the socalled "lethal synthesis". / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito protetor da acetamida nas intoxica??es experimentais por Pseudocalymma elegans (Bignoniaceae) em ovinos, caprinos e coelhos, com a finalidade de comprovar indiretamente que o monofluoroacetato ? respons?vel pela sintomatologia e morte dos animais que ingerem essa planta. Foram realizados experimentos para determinar a dose letal da planta coletada em Rio Bonito, RJ, em diferentes ?pocas do ano para ovinos e caprinos e ajustar a dose de acetamida a ser administrada. No primeiro experimento, dois ovinos e dois caprinos receberam 1,0 g/kg de P. elegans fresca e um animal de cada esp?cie foi tratado previamente com 2,0 g/kg de acetamida. Nenhum animal apresentou altera??es cl?nicas ou morreu. Ao que tudo indica a planta poderia estar menos t?xica, j? que foi coletada no fim da esta??o das ?guas. No segundo experimento, dois ovinos e dois caprinos receberam 0,67 e 1,0 g/kg da planta dessecada, ap?s tratamento pr?vio, com 2,0 e 3,0 g/kg de acetamida, respectivamente. Todos os animais morreram, pois administramos doses muito altas de P. elegans. No terceiro experimento, dois ovinos e dois caprinos receberam, 0,333 g/kg de P. elegans dessecada, ap?s administra??o pr?via de 2,0 g/kg de acetamida. Uma semana depois, o protocolo acima foi repetido, por?m sem o ant?doto. Nos experimentos com coelhos, foram administradas doses de 0,5 e 1,0 g/kg de P. elegans dessecada ap?s a administra??o de 3,0 g/kg de acetamida. Sete dias depois, o mesmo protocolo foi repetido, com exce??o da administra??o de acetamida. Esta, quando administrada previamente, evitou o aparecimento dos sinais cl?nicos e a morte dos ovinos, caprinos e coelhos, j? os animais n?o tratados com acetamida apresentaram sintomatologia e morreram. Clinicamente, os ovinos e caprinos manifestaram taquicardia, jugulares ingurgitadas, pulso venoso positivo, dec?bito esternal e tremores musculares. Na ?fase dram?tica?, os animais ca?am em dec?bito lateral, esticavam os membros, faziam movimentos de pedalagem e morriam em poucos minutos. Nos coelhos observaram-se apatia, tremores musculares, dec?bito lateral e vocaliza??o minutos antes da morte. A avalia??o macrosc?pica revelou, nos ovinos e caprinos, jugulares ingurgitadas, aur?culas, veia cava caudal e cranial dilatadas, al?m de edema pulmonar, congest?o hep?tica e edema na subserosa da ves?cula biliar. Nos coelhos as principais altera??es observadas foram aur?culas dilatadas, veia cava caudal e cranial ingurgitadas, f?gado e vasos do diafragma congestos. O exame histopatol?gico revelou, em dois ovinos e um caprino, degenera??o hidr?pico-vacuolar dos t?bulos urin?feros contornados distais associada ? cariopicnose. Nos coelhos havia congest?o hep?tica acentuada com numerosos corp?sculos de choque. Nossos resultados comprovam, de forma indireta, que o MF ? respons?vel pela morte dos animais que ingerem essa planta, uma vez que compostos ?doadores de acetato? como a acetamida, s?o capazes de reduzir a inibi??o competitiva do MF pelo mesmo s?tio ativo (Coenzima A), o que impede a forma??o do fluorocitrato, seu metab?lito ativo, formado no organismo por meio da denominada ?s?ntese letal?.
5

Efeito de diferentes fontes de sangue sobre a performance reprodutiva de Aedes aegypti L., 1762 (D?ptera: Culicidae) alimentados atrav?s de membrana de silicone / Effect of different blood sources on the reproductive performance of Aedes aegypti L., 1762 (Diptera: Culicidae) fed through silicone membrane device

PINA, Isabelle Garcia 30 September 1997 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-02-14T17:34:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1997 - Isabelle Garcia Pina.pdf: 529649 bytes, checksum: d067fa62978c5955301ef929db0ee4f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T17:34:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1997 - Isabelle Garcia Pina.pdf: 529649 bytes, checksum: d067fa62978c5955301ef929db0ee4f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997-09-30 / CNPq / This experimental work with Aedes aegypti L. (1762) was conducted in order to compare the effect of differents blood sources on feeding and egg production of mosquitoes? females. The blood-feeding device consisted of a plastic cage ? used for holding females during blood feeding ? with two lateral windows recovered with thin cloth to allow air exchange during feeding. In the top of the cage, there was an opening where the food?s container, recovered with silicone membrane, was attached. A larger vial filled with water at the initial temperature of 50 ?C was used over the apparatus to keep the food source warm (37,5 ? 0,5%). In each trial, three different treatments were tested: whole blood collected from mouse, bovine and human. To prevent coagulation, a 3,9% solution of sodium citrate was added to the blood. The control group was allowed to feed directly on human volunteers. The experiment was conducted in a climatic chamber, with temperature and humidity controlled at 28?0,5 ?C and 80?5%, respective values and the photoperiod of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. In each tested group, 30 females and 10 males mosquitoes were used. The females were allowed to feed during a period of 20-30 minutes and after that only the engorged females were transferred to another cages containing the oviposition sites. To evaluate the effect of different sources of blood on A. aegypti, the percentage of engorged females, pre-oviposition time and the number of eggs per engorged female were measured. Highest percentage of engorged females were among mosquitoes fed on human citrated blood (89%) and control (95%). The media oviposition on both treatments were 13,4 eggs for females fed on human citrated blood and 15,3 eggs for females of control group. The lots fed on mice and bovine citrated blood presented the following results respectively: 22,5% of engorged females and 9,2 eggs per female and 25,8% of engorged females and 10,3 eggs per female. / Foi comparado o efeito do sangue de camundongos, bovino e humano sobre o ingurgitamento e oviposi??o do mosquito Aedes aegypti L., 1762 (D?ptera:Culicidae). O aparato para alimenta??o artificial foi constitu?do por gaiolas de pl?stico, com 10 x 6 cm, com orif?cios laterais cobertos com tela de tule, e uma abertura superior, atrav?s da qual foi oferecido o sangue contido em uma c?lula montada em l?mina de microscopia com cola de silicone e membrana de silicone. O sangue foi mantido aquecido a 37,5 ? 0,5 ?C, durante o tempo de alimenta??o que variou de 20 a 30 minutos. O experimento foi conduzido dentro de uma c?mara climatizada, com temperatura de 28 ? 0,5 ?C, umidade relativa de 80 ? 5% e fotoperiodismo de 12 horas di?rias. Um total de 16 grupos de 30 f?meas de A. aegypti, com idades entre 4 a 7 dias, foram pr?-alimentados com solu??o a?ucarada de sacarose. Em cada grupo foram adicionados 10 machos para realiza??o de c?pula. O sangue de cada hospedeiro foi coletado assepticamente e adicionado de citrato de s?dio a 3,9%. O grupo controle foi alimentado diretamente em hospedeiro humano volunt?rio. Ap?s a alimenta??o, as f?meas ingurgitadas foram contadas e colocadas no interior de gaiolas com 50 x 50 x 50 cm, contendo frasco com ?gua limpa para oviposi??o. Foram registrados o n?mero de f?meas alimentadas em cada tratamento, o per?odo de pr?-postura e o n?mero m?dio de ovos por f?mea alimentada. Mosquitos alimentados com sangue de camundongos e de bovino tiveram performances de 22,5 e 25,8% de ingurgitamento e a postura foi em m?dia de 9,2 e 10,3 ovos por f?mea, respectivamente. F?meas alimentadas com sangue humano atrav?s da membrana ou diretamente no hospedeiro humano tiveram comportamentos diferentes com ?ndices de ingurgitamento de 89 e 95% e oviposi??o de, em m?dia, 13,4 e 15,3 ovos por f?mea, respectivamente. N?o houve varia??o no per?odo de pr?-postura (tr?s dias) entre os tratamentos realizados.
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Diagn?stico sorol?gico de Rickettsia spp. e Borrelia spp. em c?es no munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ / Serological diagnosis of Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp. in dogs in the municipality of Serop?dica, RJ

CORDEIRO, Matheus Dias 29 February 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-11T21:16:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Matheus Dias Cordeiro.pdf: 852495 bytes, checksum: c420562c23340ca737374426f8c5e0f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T21:16:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Matheus Dias Cordeiro.pdf: 852495 bytes, checksum: c420562c23340ca737374426f8c5e0f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / CNPq / Brazilian Spotted Fever and Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome are emerging diseasest characterized as the only known to tick-borne zoonoses in Brazil. This study aimed to avaluate IgG antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi and Rickettsia rickettsii in stray and domiciled dogs from Serop?dica-RJ and studying the fauna of ixodida these animals. To investigate the prevalence of antibodies against R. rickettsii and B. burgdorferi was performed to collect blood from 293 dogs in four areas of the city of Serop?dica-RJ. Serum samples were processed by Indirect Immunofluorescence (IFA) against crude antigens of R. rickettsii. The same animals were tested for IgG antibodies against B. burgdorferi strain of North American origin, using the Indirect Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To confirm the presence of Borrelia spp., 102 positive samples were tested by Western Blotting (WB). Ticks were also collected from the inspection of the animals. The specimens found were manually removed and stored in polypropylene bottles, and later identified. The association between seropositive animals and variables, were performed using the chi-square and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significance level of 5%. Of the 283 sera tested by IFA, 23.67% (67/283) showed reactivity against species-specific antigens of R. rickettsii. Thus, we found a prevalence of 21.11% (19/90) in "40 km", 21.84% (19/87) in "Km 49", 25% (8 / 32) in "54 km" and 28.38% (21/74) in UFRRJ. The titles ranged from 1:64 to 1:512. On the other hand, of the 293 animals studied, 154 (52.56%) were positive for homologous antibodies anti-B. burgdorferi. It was founded a prevalence of 43.75% (14/32) in the "54 km", 51.72% (45/87) in the "49 km", 46.67% (42/90) in the "40 km" and 63.1% (53/84) in UFRRJ. It was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence of antibodies against Borrelia sp. in stray dogs and domiciled. Dogs with access to the street had a frequency against R. rickettsii significantly (p<0.05) greater than animals kept in prison. There were no statistical differences (p>0.05) the relationship between the variables: presence of ticks, animal sex, habits, frequenting pastures and age of the animals with seropositivity observed in either species. Regarding ticks, at least 64.5% (189/293) dogs were infested with ticks at the moment of collection. Only two species of ticks were identified, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Amblyomma cajennense. The presence of antibodies anti-R. rickettsii and anti-B. burgdorferi in dogs from Serop?dica-RJ is indicative of the presence of rickettsias of the Rock Mountain Spotted Fever Group and spirochetes dogs in this area. / A Febre Maculosa Brasileira e a S?ndrome de Baggio-Yoshinari s?o enfermidades emergentes, caracterizadas como as ?nicas zoonoses conhecidamente transmitidas por carrapatos, no Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar anticorpos da classe IgG contra Rickettsia rickettsii e Borrelia burgdorferi e estudar a fauna de Ixod?deos nesses animais. Para investigar a preval?ncia de anticorpos contra R. rickettsii e B. burgdorferi foi efetuada a coleta de sangue de 293 c?es, em quatro ?reas do munic?pio de Serop?dica-RJ. Os soros obtidos foram processados atrav?s da Rea??o de Imunofluoresc?ncia Indireta (RIFI), contra ant?genos brutos de R. rickettsii. Os mesmos animais foram submetidos ? pesquisa de anticorpos hom?logos da classe IgG contra B. burgdorferi cepa americana G39/40, utilizando Ensaio de Imunoadsor??o Enzim?tico (ELISA) Indireto. Para confirma??o da presen?a de Borrelia spp. no munic?pio, 102 amostras positivas foram testadas pelo Western Blotting (WB). A fauna de ixod?deos foi estudada atrav?s da coleta de carrapatos a partir da inspe??o das regi?es das orelhas, dorso e coxins palmares e plantares dos animais. Os esp?cimes encontrados foram removidos manualmente e acondicionados em frascos de polipropileno, e posteriormente, identificados. O estudo da associa??o entre animais soropositivos e as vari?veis avaliadas, foram realizados por meio do teste de Qui-quadrado e An?lise de Vari?ncia (ANOVA), com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Dos 283 soros testados ? RIFI, 23,67% (67/283) apresentaram reatividade contra ant?genos esp?cie-espec?fico de R. rickettsii, sendo encontrada uma frequ?ncia de 21,11% (19/90) no ?Km 40?, 21,84% (19/87) no ?Km 49?, 25% (8/32) no ?Km 54? e 28,38% (21/74) no campus da UFRRJ. A titula??o variou entre 1:64 ? 1:512. Por outro lado, dos 293 animais estudados, 154 (52,56%) foram positivos para anticorpos hom?logos anti-B. burgdorferi, sendo encontrada uma frequ?ncia de 43,75% (14/32) no ?Km 54?, 51,72% (45/87) no ?Km 49?, 46,67% (42/90) no ?Km 40? e 63,1% (53/84) na UFRRJ. Houve diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) entre as preval?ncias de anticorpos contra Borrelia spp. encontradas em caninos errantes e domiciliados. Os c?es com acesso a rua tiveram uma frequ?ncia de anticorpos contra R. rickettsii significativamente (p<0,05) maior que animais mantidos preso. N?o foram observadas diferen?as estat?sticas (p>0,05) entre a rela??o das vari?veis: presen?a de carrapatos, sexo dos animais, h?bitos de frequentar pastos e idade dos animais com a soropositividade observada em nenhuma das duas esp?cies. Quanto aos carrapatos, 64,5% (189/293) dos c?es estavam infestados por carrapatos no momento da coleta. Apenas duas esp?cies de carrapatos foram identificadas, Rhipicephalus sanguineus e Amblyomma cajennense. A presen?a de anticorpos hom?logos anti-R. rickettsii e anti-B. burgdorferi em caninos de Serop?dica-RJ ? um indicativo da presen?a de rickettsia do grupo da Febre Maculosa e espiroquetas em c?es nesta ?rea.
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Aspectos epidemiol?gicos da Babesia canis vogeli em c?es da Baixada Fluminense, RJ / Aspects of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs from Baixada Fluminense, RJ

VILELA, Joice Aparecida Rezende 30 March 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-05T17:41:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Joice Aparecida Rezende Vilela.pdf: 2330778 bytes, checksum: 444dfb2be034c128fc34d8e5ad64d910 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T17:41:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Joice Aparecida Rezende Vilela.pdf: 2330778 bytes, checksum: 444dfb2be034c128fc34d8e5ad64d910 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / CAPES / The canine babesiosis, is a disease widely distributed in Brazil and worldwide, caused by? protozoa of the genus Babesia?spp. that parasitize erythrocytes and it?s transmitted by ticks? Ixodidae. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology of canine babesiosis through? questionnaires and serological diagnosis by ELISA, diagnosis of Babesia? spp. infection in? dogs by real?time PCR technique, identify the subspecies of B. canis?by RFLP, characterize? the hematological aspects, diagnosis by direct microscopy, identification of ectoparasites and? diagnosis by real?time PCR, the agent of canine babesiosis in ticks from dogs from rural and? urban areas from Serop?dica city, RJ State. The present study evaluated 311 dogs, 167? (n=53,7%) of rural and 144 (n=46,3%) in urban areas. By ELISA technique, was found 39? dogs (12,54%) serologically positive for Babesia canis, with frequency of seropositivity of? 21,56% ???(n=36/167) in dogs of rural area and 2,08% (n=3/144) in dogs from urban area, and? therefore the rural area, the highest seropositivity (p<0,0001). The variables associated with? seropositivity were: area of residence of the dog, breed, age, presence of ticks, environment of? dog access, contact with other animals, the animal's habits, condition of cleanliness of the? environment, absence of veterinary care and animal wandering. The profile of the owner and? its management were striking features in parasitism by ticks and consequently the frequency? of seropositivity to the agent. The diagnostic by PCR real??time of blood samples from dogs? showed a frequency of 11,90% (n=37/311). The subspecies identified affecting dogs of this? region was B. canis vogeli. Of the total of 311 dogs evaluated, infestations by ectoparasites? were found in 252 (81,03%) dogs at the time of collection. Of these, 70,64% (n=178/252)? were infested with ticks. In relation to the infestation, Rhipicephalus sanguineus?was found in? 68,54% (n=122/178) of the dogs, Amblyomma cajennense?in 11,80% (n=21/178), A. ovale?in? 3,37% (n=6/178) and A. dubitatum? in 0,56% (n=1/178). Nymphs of R. sanguineus? and? Amblyomma sp. were observed in 13,48% (n=24/178) and 5,62% (n=10/178) of dogs infected? with ticks, respectively. The tick species most common in urban and rural areas was R. sanguineus, which was associated with positivity of B. canis?in dogs by molecular method.? The frequency of ticks positive for B. canis?was 5% (n=12/240). The DNA from B. canis?was? detected in nine R. sanguineus?ticks, an A. cajennense?adult and two nymphs of Amblyomma? sp. The main hematological changes in infected dogs were: anemia, thrombocytopenia and? hemoglobinemia. The study concluded that canine babesiosis caused by B. canis vogeli?occurs? in rural and urban areas from the Serop?dica being of great importance its occurrence in the? cities of the Rio de Janeiro State, which have characteristics similar expansion of urbanization? to rural areas with little distinction between the two areas and points to the importance of? diagnosis and identification of the pathogen and vectors in dogs, in order to know the? epidemiological conditions for the adoption of appropriate preventive measures, because in? addition to affect the animal health, many of these vectors are capable to transmit pathogens? to humans.? / A babesiose canina, patologia de ampla distribui??o no Brasil e no mundo, ? causada por? protozo?rios do g?nero Babesia? spp., que parasitam hem?cias e s?o transmitidos por? carrapatos Ixodidae. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a epidemiologia da babesiose? canina atrav?s de aplica??o de question?rios e diagn?stico por ELISA, diagn?stico por? microscopia direta, diagn?stico de Babesia canis? por meio da PCR em tempo real,? identifica??o das subesp?cies de B. canis? por meio da RFLP, caracteriza??o das principais? altera??es hematol?gicas, identifica??o dos ectoparasitos e diagn?stico atrav?s da PCR em? tempo real do agente da babesiose canina em carrapatos de c?es do munic?pio de Serop?dica,? Baixada Fluminense ??RJ. No presente estudo foram avaliados 311 c?es, sendo 167 (n=53,7%)? de ?rea rural e 144 (n=46,3%) de ?rea urbana. Atrav?s do teste de ELISA, encontrou?se um? total de 39 c?es (12,54%) sorologicamente positivos para Babesia canis, com frequ?ncia de? 21,56% (n=36/167) nos c?es de ?rea rural e 2,08% (n=3/144) nos c?es de ?rea urbana, sendo,? portanto a ?rea rural, a de maior soropositividade (p<0,0001). As vari?veis que apresentaram? associa??o com a soropositividade foram: ?rea de domic?lio do c?o, defini??o racial, idade,? infesta??o por carrapatos, locais de acesso do c?o, contato com outros animais, h?bito do? animal, ambiente do c?o, aus?ncia de limpeza do ambiente, aus?ncia de assist?ncia? veterin?ria, aus?ncia de abrigo e origem errante. O perfil do propriet?rio e o manejo do c?o? apresentaram caracter?sticas marcantes no parasitismo por carrapatos e consequentemente na? frequ?ncia de soropositividade para o agente. O diagn?stico pela PCR em tempo real de? amostras sangu?neas de c?es revelou uma frequ?ncia de 11,90% (n=37/311). A subesp?cie? identificada acometendo c?es desta regi?o foi B. canis vogeli. Do total de 311 c?es avaliados,? foram observadas infesta??es por ectoparasitos em 252 (81,03%) c?es. Destes, 70,64%? (n=178/252) apresentaram?se infestados por carrapatos. Em rela??o ? infesta??o por? carrapatos, Rhipicephalus sanguineus foi encontrado em 68,54% (n=122/178) dos c?es,? Amblyomma cajennense em 11,80% (n=21/178), A. ovale em 3,37% (n=6/178) e A. dubitatum em 0,56% (n=1/178) dos c?es infestados por carrapatos. Ninfas de R. sanguineus e? Amblyomma sp. foram observadas em 13,48% (n=24/178) e 5,62% (n=10/178) dos c?es? infestados por carrapatos, respectivamente. A esp?cie de carrapato mais frequente nos meios? urbano e rural foi R. sanguineus, que apresentou associa??o com a positividade de B. canis? vogeli?nos c?es pelo m?todo molecular. A frequ?ncia de carrapatos positivos para B. canis foi? de 5% (n=12/240). O DNA de B. canis foi detectado em nove carrapatos adultos de R. sanguineus, em um adulto de A. cajennense? e em duas ninfas de Amblyomma? sp.. As? principais altera??es hematol?gicas nos c?es infectados foram: anemia, hemoglobinemia e? trombocitopenia. O estudo permitiu concluir que a babesiose canina causada por B. canis vogeli?ocorre nas ?reas rurais e urbanas do munic?pio estudado sendo de grande import?ncia a? sua ocorr?ncia nos munic?pios da Baixada Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, os quais? apresentam caracter?sticas semelhantes de expans?o da urbaniza??o para o meio rural com? pequena distin??o entre as duas ?reas e aponta para a import?ncia do diagn?stico do pat?geno? e identifica??o de vetores nos c?es, visando o conhecimento das condi??es epidemiol?gicas? para a ado??o de medidas profil?ticas adequadas, pois al?m de afetarem a sanidade animal? muitos destes vetores s?o capazes de veicularem pat?genos transmiss?veis ao homem.??
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Myxozoa Grass?, 1970 (Cnidaria: Myxosporea): Sinopse das esp?cies parasitando peixes nas Am?ricas e diagn?stico morfol?gico e molecular das esp?cies parasitando Characiformes, Leporinus friderici (Anostomidae) e Astyanax altiparanae (Characidae) oriundos do rio Mogi Gua??, S?o Paulo, Brasil / Myxozoa Grass?, 1970 (Cnidaria: Myxosporea): Synopsis of species parasiating fish in the Americas and morphological and molecular diagnosis of species parasiating Characiformes species, Leporinus friderici (Anostomidae) and Astyanax altiparanae (Characidae) from the Mogi Gua?? River, S?o Paulo, Brazil

VIDAL, Let?cia Gabriela Poblete 08 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-22T19:39:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Let?cia Gabriela Poblete Vidal.pdf: 2525390 bytes, checksum: 162c0cfed2f6b4d8e94cb85c1c0254da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T19:39:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Let?cia Gabriela Poblete Vidal.pdf: 2525390 bytes, checksum: 162c0cfed2f6b4d8e94cb85c1c0254da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-08 / CNPq / The hope of this study was increased the knowledge of biodiversity of myxozoan fish parasites, unknown to some groups. In chapter 1, the goal was provide a synopsis of Myxozoa Grass?, 1970 species in the Americas based on records of the valid species of myxozoans (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) described in the Americas is provided based on a comprehensive survey of the literature since 1893, when the first myxozoan species was reported, until December 2015. The synopsis include the habitat of the host, site of the infection of the parasite, locality, size (?m or mm) and form of the plasmodia, spore measurements, provide specimens to parasitological collections, molecular data and explicit linkage of host. This synopsis was based on original descriptions. In chapter 2, the present work complements the original description of H. friderici Casal Matos and Azevedo, 2003 with new morphological and molecular data with Gill filaments on Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794) from the Mogi Gua?? River, state of S?o Paulo. Finaly, in chapter 3, specie of Henneguya was found in the kidneys of Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes: Characidae) and were analyzed by morphological and molecular studies with analysis of the rDNA of the small subunid of the ribosome (18S). These data identify a new species of Myxozoa. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo ampliar os conhecimentos sobre a biodiversidade de mixospor?deos parasitos de peixes, visto o escasso conhecimento para esse grupo. No cap?tulo 1 o objetivo foi fornecer uma sinopse de esp?cies de Myxozoa Grass?, 1970 nas Am?ricas com base em um levantamento bibliogr?fico desde 1893, quando a primeira esp?cie de myxospor?deo foi descrita, at? dezembro de 2015. A sinopse inclui uma lista parasito-hospedeiro com dados sobre o habitat do hospedeiro, s?tio de infec??o, localidade, tamanho e formato do cisto, medidas dos esporos e esp?cimes em cole??es e uma lista de parasitos-hospedeiros. Nessa sinopse s?o relatados somente as descri??es originais encontradas nas Am?ricas. No cap?tulo 2, ? inclu?da uma descri??o de H. friderici Casal, Matos e Azevedo, 2003 com novos dados morfol?gicos e moleculares com material proveniente de amostras de filamentos branquiais de Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794) do rio Mogi Gua??, estado de S?o Paulo. Finalmente, no cap?tulo 3, uma esp?cie de Henneguya encontrada nos rins de Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes: Characidae) foi descrita e ilustrada com base na sua morfologia e na an?lise do rDNA da subunidade maior do ribossomo (28S). Estes dados identificam uma poss?vel esp?cie nova de Myxozoa.
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Avalia??o da efic?cia de aditivo anti-micotoxina em leitoas pr?-p?beres intoxicadas experimentalmente com zearalenona / Effectiveness evaluation of anti-mycotoxin additive in pre-pubertal gilts experimentally intoxicated with zearalenone

VASCONCELOS, Bruno da Silva de 08 March 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-27T18:09:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Bruno da Silva de Vasconcelos.pdf: 1120255 bytes, checksum: fb4b9f0cfbb71f486cabed4da08b9948 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T18:09:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Bruno da Silva de Vasconcelos.pdf: 1120255 bytes, checksum: fb4b9f0cfbb71f486cabed4da08b9948 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-08 / Brazil has a prominent pork production and it is among the leading of producers and exporters of meat pork in the world. Today, the type of Brazilian pig produced, is of high quality and requires special care, starting at the quality of food, to provided maximum expression of genetic potential. The staple diet of the pig is soy and corn, these can be affected by fungi, which when in favorable conditions to their growth, colonize grain and use their nutrients to their development. As a result, can occur the production of mycotoxins and secondary metabolites, which can be toxic to animals. Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin with estrogenics properties which leads to huge losses, especially in reproduction, where it causes abortion, pseudopregnancy, stillbirths, among other symptoms. The use of anti-mycotoxin additive added to the feed is an example of how to prevent it. The yeast wall is a new alternative of adsorbent to be tested. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an anti-mycotoxin additive, of yeast wall, and the effects of mycotoxin ZEA in prepubertal gilts. A total of 36 prepubertal gilts were divided in 4 treatments: T1 ( ration), T2 (ration + adsorbent), T3( ration + toxin),T4 (ration +toxin+ adsorbent). The concentration used of ZEA were 2 ppm, maximum concentration of the limit established to register as a antimycotoxin additive according to Brazilian laws and the concentration used of anti-mycotoxin additive were 0,2%, gained on earlier in vitro studies. The animals were fed for 21 days with the toxin, weighted and measured the vulva, at the end of treatment were slaughtered for evaluation of the reproductive tract. The results showed no significant statistic difference in feed conversion and live weight between treatments. There were performance reduce in weight gain and feed intake on T3. About measured of vulva, the mean of weight and length of the reproductive tract were significant differences in the treatments with ZEA 2ppm. The adsorbent used was not effective in preventing ZEA mycotoxicosis by the 2ppm, probably due to saturation of the anti-mycotoxin additive molecule by metabolites of the ZEA, that was in higher quantity than mannanoligosaccharide, overtaking the adsorbtive capacity of adsorbent. / O Brasil possui uma produ??o de su?nos de destaque, estando entre os principais produtores e exportadores de carne su?na no mundo. Hoje, o tipo de su?no brasileiro produzido ? de extrema qualidade e requer cuidados especiais, iniciando na qualidade de alimento fornecido, para express?o m?xima do potencial gen?tico. A base da alimenta??o do su?no ? a soja e o milho, e estes gr?os podem ser contaminados por fungos que por sua vez em condi??es favor?veis ao seu crescimento, colonizam os gr?os e utilizam os seus nutrientes para o seu desenvolvimento. Como consequ?ncia pode ocorrer ? produ??o de micotoxinas, metab?litos secund?rios, que podem ser t?xicos aos animais. A zearalenona (ZEA) ? uma micotoxina com propriedades estrog?nicas e que leva a enormes preju?zos, principalmente na reprodu??o, pois pode causar aborto, pseudogesta??o, natimortos, entre outros sintomas. O uso de aditivo anti-micotoxina adicionados na ra??o ? um exemplo de como se prevenir e define-se como uma subst?ncia que por processos f?sico-qu?micos, enzim?ticos e/ou bacterianos se unem a micotoxina, impedindo que esta seja absorvida pelo organismo animal e seja posteriormente eliminada. A parede celular de leveduras ? uma nova alternativa, de adsorvente, a ser testada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de um aditivo antimicotoxina, a base de parede celular de leveduras, e os efeitos da micotoxina ZEA em leitoas pr?-p?beres. Foram utilizadas 36 leitoas pr?-p?beres divididas em 4 tratamentos: T1(s? ra??o), T2 (ra??o + adsorvente), T3 (ra??o + toxina), T4 (ra??o + toxina + adsorvente). A concentra??o de ZEA utilizada foi de 2ppm, concentra??o m?xima do limite estabelecido para registro de aditivo antimicotoxina segundo as leis brasileiras, e a concentra??o usada de aditivo anti-micotoxina foi de 0,2%, obtidos anteriormente em estudos in vitro. Os animais foram alimentados por 21 dias com a toxina, pesados e feita vulvometria. No final do per?odo experimental foram abatidos para avalia??o do trato reprodutivo. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica significativa no peso vivo e na convers?o alimentar entre os tratamentos. No consumo e no ganho de peso do T3 houve queda no desempenho. Na vulvometria, as m?dias do peso e do comprimento do trato reprodutivo tiveram diferen?a significativa nos tratamentos que levaram ZEA a 2ppm. O aditivo anti-micotoxina utilizado n?o foi eficaz na preven??o da micotoxicose por ZEA a 2ppm, j? que as leitoas manifestaram os sinais caracter?sticos da doen?a provavelmente devido a satura??o da mol?cula adsorvente pelos metab?litos de ZEA, que encontravam-se em maior quantidade que os mananoligaossacar?deos, ao ponto de ultrapassar a capacidade adsortiva do aditivo.
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Efic?cia in vitro de uma formula??o aerossol de Piriproxifen e Ciflutrina no controle de Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouch?, 1835) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) / In vitro efficacy of Pyriproxyfen and Cyfluthrin formulation in the Ctenocephalides felis felis control (Bouche, 1835) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)

BATISTA, Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira 27 February 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-27T19:09:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira Batista.pdf: 1288520 bytes, checksum: 258e3cf77d272f259a164d0a1e9ca8fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T19:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira Batista.pdf: 1288520 bytes, checksum: 258e3cf77d272f259a164d0a1e9ca8fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / CNPq / FAPERJ / FAPUR / The objective of the present study was to evaluate through in vitro test, the efficacy and residual period of protection in an aerosol formulation of pyriproxyfen and cyfluthrin in the Ctenocephalides felis felis control. A white felt of one millimeter of thickness and two square meters was impregnated with a formulation at a concentration of 0.04% of cyfluthrin and 0.05% of pyriproxyfen (Fleegard ? Bayer), and after dried, retained at a natural conditions environment until the challenge?s day. For each day of weekly challenge, six strips of impregnated carpet and six control strips, without treatment were used. For the test with immature forms, each strip was placed in a test tube with 10 eggs or 10 larvae and a half gram of a required diet for the larval development. The tubes were inside an incubator at a temperature of 28 ? 1 ?C and relative humidity of 75 ? 10%. At the 25th day after the incubation, the material of each challenge was fixed with alcohol 70 ?GL and the quantification of adults emerged from puparium was performed with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. The average efficacy of egg-adult interruption of development was 98.78%, with minimum variation 89.47% and maximum 100%, and the larvae-adult was 96.16%, with minimum variation 82.14% and maximum 100%, over 182 days of challenge. For the test with adults were placed ten fleas not fed C. felis felis in each tube, being five male and five females. It was recorded the number of live and dead in times of 10 minutes, 30 minutes, one hour, two hours, three hours, four hours and 24 hours with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope on days 0 (30 min after impregnation of the felt), +1, +2, +5, +10, +15, +20 and +30 and was found to effectively, respectively of 35.7; 88.5; 75.9; 66.7; 67.6; 40.7; 22.2 and 12.3. It can be concluded that in aerosol formulation of cyfluthrin and pyriproxyfen was effective on the control of immature stages of C. felis felis for up to 26 weeks and adults after 24 h exposure to the product with residual action period extending substantially up to two days after the impregnation of felt. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar atrav?s de teste in vitro, a efic?cia e o per?odo residual de prote??o de uma formula??o aerossol de piriproxifen e ciflutrina no controle de Ctenocephalides felis felis. Um feltro branco com um mil?metro de espessura e dois metros quadrados foi impregnado com a formula??o na apresenta??o de aerossol, em uma concentra??o de 0,04% de ciflutrina e de 0,05% de piriproxifen (Fleegard? BAYER) e ap?s a secagem, mantido no ambiente em condi??es naturais at? o dia de desafio. Foram utilizadas seis tiras de feltro impregnadas com o produto e seis tiras controle, sem tratamento, para cada dia de desafio semanal. Para o teste com formas imaturas, cada tira foi colocada em tubo de ensaio contendo 10 ovos ou 10 larvas e meio grama de uma dieta necess?ria para o desenvolvimento larval. Os tubos foram mantidos em c?mara climatizada com temperatura de 28?1?C e umidade relativa de 75?10%. No 25? dia ap?s a incuba??o, o material de cada desafio foi fixado com ?lcool 70?GL e realizada a quantifica??o de adultos emergidos do pup?rio com aux?lio de microsc?pio estereosc?pico. A efic?cia m?dia da interrup??o do desenvolvimento ovo-adulto foi de 98,78%, com varia??es m?nima de 89,47% e m?xima de 100%, e para a larva-adulto foi de 96,16%, com varia??es m?nima de 82,14% e m?xima de 100%, ao longo de 182 dias de desafio. Para o teste com adultos foram colocadas dez pulgas adultas n?o alimentadas de C. felis felis em cada tubo, sendo cinco machos e cinco f?meas. Foi registrado o n?mero de insetos vivos e mortos nos tempos de 10 minutos, 30 minutos, uma hora, duas horas, tr?s horas, quatro horas e 24 horas com aux?lio de um microsc?pio estereosc?pico, nos dias 0 (30 minutos ap?s a impregna??o do feltro), +1; +2; +5; +10; +15; +20 e +30 e constatou-se a efic?cia, respectivamente de 35,7; 88,5; 75,9; 66,7; 67,6; 40,7; 22,2 e 12;3. P?de-se concluir que a formula??o aerossol de ciflutrina e piriproxifen foi eficaz no controle ambiental de formas imaturas de C. felis felis por um per?odo de 26 semanas e para adultos 24 h ap?s a exposi??o ao produto com per?odo residual de a??o estendendo-se de forma significativa por at? dois dias ap?s a impregna??o do feltro.

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