Diss. Naturwiss. Bern, 1993 (kein Austausch). / Literaturverz.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 hirose_gl_dr_botib.pdf: 1065513 bytes, checksum: 1c284122c464b2183d1c158451fe6cab (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Como na maioria dos invertebrados marinhos, os Brachyura possuem em seu ciclo de vida uma fase larval, a qual pode constituir-se em vários estágios (zoeas) antes de tornarem-se competentes para o assentamento. Durante esta fase, as larvas estão expostas às variações ambientais, os quais influenciam suas chances de sobrevivência e desenvolvimento. Entre estes fatores, podemos citar as variáveis físicas e químicas, como a temperatura, salinidade, luz e poluentes; além de alguns fatores biológicos como a disponibilidade de alimento e predação. A região de Ubatuba apresenta certas características quanto à dinâmica de suas águas, com marcantes mudanças sazonais que podem influenciar as regiões costeiras, promovendo modificações horizontais, verticais e um processo de mistura entre as diferentes massas de água, ocasionando alterações na estrutura física, química e, conseqüentemente, biológica. Este trabalho descreve a distribuição e a abundância larval das principais superfamílias de Brachyura encontradas na região de Ubatuba e sua relação com as populações adultas e mudanças físicas ambientais decorrentes da sazonalidade e dinâmica das massas de água. As coletas de plâncton foram realizadas sazonalmente durante os anos de 2000 à 2002 nas áreas “inshore” e “offshore” da região de Ubatuba, SP, utilizando-se embarcação comercial, equipada com 2 redes cônicas para coleta de plâncton (com fluxômetro acoplado), sendo demarcados 8 pontos dispostos perpendicularmente à costa. Em cada ponto amostral registrou-se a temperatura e salinidade (de fundo e superfície). Durante o período de estudo foi evidente o predomínio de águas costeiras (AC: T>20ºC, S<36) caracterizadas por baixa salinidade e alta temperatura. Durante as estações verão/primavera evidenciou-se a maior penetração das Águas Centrais do Atlântico Sul... / Like in the majority of marine invertebrates, the Brachyurans have larvae in their life-cycle which can be composed by several stages (zoeas) before they become competent for settlement. During such phase, the larvae are exposed to environmental variations, which influence their chances to survival and develop. Among these factors, we can mention the physical and chemical variables such as temperature, salinity, light and pollutants, in addition to some biological factors such as food availability and predation. The Ubatuba region has particular features concerning its water dynamics, with marked seasonal changes which may affect the coastal regions, promoting horizontal and vertical changes. A process of mixing between different water masses occurs promoting changes in the physical, chemistry and, consequently, biological structure. This paper describes the distribution and abundance of the major Brachyura Superfamilies found in the region of Ubatuba, its relationship with adult populations and physical changes resulting from environmental and seasonal dynamics of water masses. The plankton samplings were carried out seasonally during the years 2000 to 2002 in the inshore and offshore region of Ubatuba, SP, using a fishing boat, equipped with 2 conical plankton nets (with a flowmeter attached), and 8 sites demarcated arranged perpendicular to the coast. At each sampling site was recorded temperature and salinity (from bottom and surface). During the study period was evident the predominance of coastal waters (AC: T> 20 º C, S <36) characterized by low salinity and high temperature. During the summer / spring was possible to demonstrate the greater penetration of the South Atlantic Central Waters (ACAS: T <18 º C, S <36), while during autumn / winter the ACAS is presented in a more discreet form occurring only in deeper regions (offshore). The highest larval abundance occurred... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

C'est la fragmentation des données sur les nécropoles phéniciennes qui a motivé la réalisation d'une étude générale permettant d'établir des schémas récurrents dans la manière dont les Phéniciens voient et se préoccupent de leurs morts. Ce travail a pour titre : «Les nécropoles phéniciennes de Méditerranée occidentale. Architectures et pratiques funéraires», et prend place dans le cadre géographique suivant : la Péninsule ibérique, le Maroc, l'Algérie, la Tunisie, la Libye, la Sardaigne, l'île de Malte et enfin la Sicile, et ce sur la totalité de la période phénicienne en Méditerranée occidentale (VIIIe-Ve siècle avant notre ère). La synthèse des fouilles anciennes et l'apport considérable des études récentes sur le sujet permettent aujourd'hui d'envisager une étude comparative plus poussée des nécropoles phéniciennes de Méditerranée occidentale. Si les caractéristiques sont clairement identifiées, il n'en demeure pas moins qu'elles présentent de grandes variabilités. Ainsi, d'une région à l'autre, les caractéristiques changent et les typologies se rallongent, tant du point de vue de l'architecture que des rites et du mobilier funéraire. Mais quelle relation existe-t-il entre l'architecture, le choix du rite et le mobilier funéraire? Comment expliquer une telle variabilité et quels aspects revêt-elle? Est-il possible d'identifier des schémas plus ou moins récurrents qui pourraient nous amener à une meilleure compréhension de la norme funéraire pour les phéniciens de Méditerranée occidentale, et comment elle se caractérise. Pour traiter cet ensemble de question, la réalisation d'un catalogue de données permet non seulement une centralisation, un meilleur accès aux données brutes et donc une meilleure utilisation de celles-ci. Mais cela nous permet également de rendre compte du nombre de tombes pour lesquelles nous disposons d'informations sur les sites ayant été fouillés anciennement et dont la documentation est lacunaire. / It is the fragmentation of the data on the phoenician necropolises that motivated the realization of a general study to establish recurring plans in the way the Phoenician see and worry about their deads. This work has for title "the phoenician necropolises of the western Mediterranea. Architectures and funeral practices", and takes a seat in the following geographical frame: lberian Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Sardinia, island of Malta and finally Sicily, and it on all of the phoenician period in the western Mediterranean Sea (8-Sth century BC).The synthesis of the former searches and the considerable contribution of the recent studies on the subject allow us to considerate a more elaborate comparative study of the phoenician necropolises of the western Mediterranea. If the characteristics are clearly identified, the fact remains that they present big variabilities. So, from a region to the other one, the characteristics change and the typologies get bigger, both from the point of view of the architecture and the rites and of the funeral furniture. But what relation exists between the architecture, the choice of the rite and the funeral deposit? How to explain such a variability and what aspects does it does take on? It is possible to identify more or less recurring plans which could bring us to a better understanding of the funeral standard for the phoenician of the western Mediterranea, and how it is characterized. To treat this whole question, the realization of a catalog of data allows not only a centralization, a better access to the raw data and thus a better use of these. But it also allows us to report the number of graves for which we have infom1ation on sites having formerly been searched and whose documentation is incomplete.

Orientador: Maria Lucia Negreiros-Fransozo / Banca: Tânia Marcia Costa / Banca: Rogério Caetano da Costa / Banca: Roberto Munehisa Shimizu / Banca: Sérgio Luiz Siqueira Bueno / Resumo: Como na maioria dos invertebrados marinhos, os Brachyura possuem em seu ciclo de vida uma fase larval, a qual pode constituir-se em vários estágios (zoeas) antes de tornarem-se competentes para o assentamento. Durante esta fase, as larvas estão expostas às variações ambientais, os quais influenciam suas chances de sobrevivência e desenvolvimento. Entre estes fatores, podemos citar as variáveis físicas e químicas, como a temperatura, salinidade, luz e poluentes; além de alguns fatores biológicos como a disponibilidade de alimento e predação. A região de Ubatuba apresenta certas características quanto à dinâmica de suas águas, com marcantes mudanças sazonais que podem influenciar as regiões costeiras, promovendo modificações horizontais, verticais e um processo de mistura entre as diferentes massas de água, ocasionando alterações na estrutura física, química e, conseqüentemente, biológica. Este trabalho descreve a distribuição e a abundância larval das principais superfamílias de Brachyura encontradas na região de Ubatuba e sua relação com as populações adultas e mudanças físicas ambientais decorrentes da sazonalidade e dinâmica das massas de água. As coletas de plâncton foram realizadas sazonalmente durante os anos de 2000 à 2002 nas áreas "inshore" e "offshore" da região de Ubatuba, SP, utilizando-se embarcação comercial, equipada com 2 redes cônicas para coleta de plâncton (com fluxômetro acoplado), sendo demarcados 8 pontos dispostos perpendicularmente à costa. Em cada ponto amostral registrou-se a temperatura e salinidade (de fundo e superfície). Durante o período de estudo foi evidente o predomínio de águas costeiras (AC: T>20ºC, S<36) caracterizadas por baixa salinidade e alta temperatura. Durante as estações verão/primavera evidenciou-se a maior penetração das Águas Centrais do Atlântico Sul... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Like in the majority of marine invertebrates, the Brachyurans have larvae in their life-cycle which can be composed by several stages (zoeas) before they become competent for settlement. During such phase, the larvae are exposed to environmental variations, which influence their chances to survival and develop. Among these factors, we can mention the physical and chemical variables such as temperature, salinity, light and pollutants, in addition to some biological factors such as food availability and predation. The Ubatuba region has particular features concerning its water dynamics, with marked seasonal changes which may affect the coastal regions, promoting horizontal and vertical changes. A process of mixing between different water masses occurs promoting changes in the physical, chemistry and, consequently, biological structure. This paper describes the distribution and abundance of the major Brachyura Superfamilies found in the region of Ubatuba, its relationship with adult populations and physical changes resulting from environmental and seasonal dynamics of water masses. The plankton samplings were carried out seasonally during the years 2000 to 2002 in the inshore and offshore region of Ubatuba, SP, using a fishing boat, equipped with 2 conical plankton nets (with a flowmeter attached), and 8 sites demarcated arranged perpendicular to the coast. At each sampling site was recorded temperature and salinity (from bottom and surface). During the study period was evident the predominance of coastal waters (AC: T> 20 º C, S <36) characterized by low salinity and high temperature. During the summer / spring was possible to demonstrate the greater penetration of the South Atlantic Central Waters (ACAS: T <18 º C, S <36), while during autumn / winter the ACAS is presented in a more discreet form occurring only in deeper regions (offshore). The highest larval abundance occurred... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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Nuclear receptors constitute a large family of transcription factors that are powerful regulators of animal tissue metabolism, homeostasis, tissue maintenance and development. They are particularly attractive for their ability to respond to the binding of hormones, metabolites, xenobiotics and artificially prepared molecules and transmit the interaction with these small lipophylic molecules to specific regulatory potential. In search for nuclear receptors that are likely to be critical for neural tissues in invertebrates and conserved during the evolution of animals, we have identified a close homologue of vertebrate TLX in a planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Planaria represent very promising biological model systems for studies on tissue maintenance and regeneration. Planaria are able to resorb their tissues and use them as sources of energy during fasting and they re-build their bodies from neoblasts when food is plentiful. Our search in Schmidtea mediterranea's publicly accessible genome sequencing data indicated that planarian genome contains at least one gene with a high degree of similarity to vertebrate TLX. We cloned full length CDS (coding DNA sequence of cDNA) and characterized the gene functionally. This showed that the planarian and vertebrate NR2E1 are highly similar...

Nuclear receptors constitute a large family of transcription factors that are powerful regulators of animal tissue metabolism, homeostasis, tissue maintenance and development. They are particularly attractive for their ability to respond to the binding of hormones, metabolites, xenobiotics and artificially prepared molecules and transmit the interaction with these small lipophylic molecules to specific regulatory potential. In search for nuclear receptors that are likely to be critical for neural tissues in invertebrates and conserved during the evolution of animals, we have identified a close homologue of vertebrate TLX in a planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Planaria represent very promising biological model systems for studies on tissue maintenance and regeneration. Planaria are able to resorb their tissues and use them as sources of energy during fasting and they re-build their bodies from neoblasts when food is plentiful. Our search in Schmidtea mediterranea's publicly accessible genome sequencing data indicated that planarian genome contains at least one gene with a high degree of similarity to vertebrate TLX. We cloned full length CDS (coding DNA sequence of cDNA) and characterized the gene functionally. This showed that the planarian and vertebrate NR2E1 are highly similar...

La presente tesi inizia con un’analisi dell’aspetto nutrizionale degli alimenti. In particolare, è stato discusso il concetto di dieta equilibrata, con riferimento ai principi della “dieta mediterranea”. Proprio da questo modello alimentare trae ispirazione la “ottimazione”, una tecnica sviluppata e utilizzata per programmare pasti conformi a specifici standard nutrizionali (15/30/55 tra proteine, lipidi e carboidrati sull’apporto energetico totale, proporzioni tipicamente mediterranee). Tali preparazioni alimentari sono state testate anche attraverso metodi di analisi sensoriale. Il passaggio successivo è stato l’estensione del concetto di “ottimizzazione nutrizionale” a quello di “ottimizzazione ambientale”, dovuto all’ipotizzato minor impatto ambientale della dieta mediterranea. Il LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) è la tecnica che è stata utilizzata per valutare l’impatto ambientale di alcuni prodotti alimentari, quali verdure surgelate, un salume e un formaggio. Un ulteriore passaggio è stata la creazione di uno strumento di comunicazione, una nuova etichetta ambientale, realizzata per essere utilizzata dalle aziende per comunicare le loro performance ambientali e quindi il loro impegno al miglioramento continuo, e dai consumatori per ottenere maggiori informazioni sull’impatto ambientale dei prodotti acquistati quotidianamente, al fine di accrescere il proprio senso critico ed effettuare acquisti consapevoli. / The thesis begins with an analysis of the nutritional aspects of foods. In particular, the concept of balanced diet has been discussed, by referring to the principles of "mediterranean diet". Just from this food model, the “optimation” draws inspiration, a technique developed and used to plan meals consistent with specific nutritional standards (15/30/55 between protein, fat and carbohydrate on the total energy intake, typically Mediterranean). These food preparations have been tested through sensory analysis methods. The next step is the extension of "nutritional optimization" concept to the "environmental optimization” one, owing to the presumed lower environmental impact of the Mediterranean diet. LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is the technique used to assess the environmental impact of various food products, such as frozen vegetables, cured meats, dairy products. A further step is the creation of a communication tool, a new environmental label, designed to be used by companies to communicate their environmental performance and therefore their commitment to continuous improvement, and by consumers to obtain more information on the environmental impact of the foods daily consumed, in order to increase their critical sense and make purchases in a conscious way.

L’intérêt croissant pour l’étude de la morphogénèse des côtes à falaises a permis de mieux appréhender les environnements méso/macrotidaux, mais en délaissant les environnements microtidaux. Pour cette raison, nous proposons d’étudier, à partir d’une approche exploratoire multi-échelle, la dynamique érosive des côtes à falaises en Méditerranée à travers l’exemple de la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. Le choix de ce territoire s’est justifié en réponse à une problématique relative à la gestion des risques côtiers identifiée par le Conseil-Régional-PACA qui a financé ce travail doctoral. Les principaux objectifs visent à caractériser d’une part l’ampleur relative des occurrences érosives en fonction de la variabilité temporelle des forçages météo-climatiques, et d’autre part le degré du contrôle géologique sur la morphologie côtière. Toute la difficulté de l’étude réside donc dans l’optimisation des fenêtres d’observation afin de distinguer les comportements érosifs. Nous proposons donc de tester l’apport de quatre méthodes permettant de définir si l’érosion se produit de manière (1) continue à l’échelle annuelle (levés LiDAR embarqués depuis un bateau), (2) chronique à l’échelle séculaire (orthophotographies aériennes) et (3) exceptionnelle voir (4) catastrophique sur les temps propres à l’Holocène et au Quaternaire (datations aux cosmogéniques in situ 36Cl et analyses morphométriques). Au regard des résultats mesurés et interprétés, il apparaît que l’activité gravitaire produite au cours du XXe siècle (érosion moyenne de l’ordre du cm.an-1) est très faible par rapport aux environnements méso/macrotidaux / Increasing interest in studying rocky cliff coastline morphogenesis allowed a better understanding of meso/macrotidal environments, but let microtidal environments apart. Thus we propose studying the dynamic of cliff coastlines erosion in Mediterranean in the South-East of France, through a multi-scale explorative approach. This doctoral work was supported by the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, which identified a problematic in relation with coastal hazard management. The main objectives aim at characterizing on one hand how the temporal variability of meteorologic and climatic forcings affects the magnitude of erosion, and on other hand to which extent the geological setting controls the coastline morphology. The great challenge of this work therefore consists in optimizing the observation range in order discriminate erosive behaviours. Thus we propose assessing the contribution of four methods in determining whether erosion takes place (1) continuously at annual scale (boat-borne laser scanning surveys), (2) chronic at secular scale (aerial orthophographies)and (3) exceptional even (4) catastrophic over the characteristic timescales of Holocene and Quaternary (cosmic ray exposure dating from in-situ 36Cl and morphometric analysis). The interpretation of the results shows that erosion rate observed through the XXth century (order of magnitude of cm.y-1) is very low compared to meso/macrotidal environments. However at timescales ranging from pluri-secular (0.29 ka BP) to pluri-millenar (6.8 ka BP), exceptional storms surges of +3 NGF could initiate an erosion process resulting in the formation of horizontal shore platforms.