<p>U radu je razmatran problem projektovanja polužnih mehanizama koji se primenjuju u sistemima elastičnog oslanjanja drumskih vozila.<br />Polužni mehanizmi za vođenje točka imaju zadatak da ostvare pokretnu vezu točka sa nosećim strukturama vozila koja omogućava približno vertikalno relativno kretanje točka u odnosu na telo vozila i obezbeđuje prijem aktivnih i reaktivnih sila i momenata nastalih u interakciji točka sa podlogom.<br />Definisana je jednostavna, univerzalna metoda za optimalnu sintezu mehanizama u sistemima oslanjanja vozila, koja ne zahteva pripreme i prilagođavanje različitim specifičnim uslovima i zahtevima sinteze mehanizama u okvirima ove tematike. Osnovne karakteristike predloženog postupka su: tačnost i praktična primenljivost usvojenog metodološkog prilaza; jednostavnost i univerzalnost celokupnog postupka sinteze, osigurana usvajanjem algoritma diferencijalne evolucije kao optimizacione metode; robusnost metoda i odsustvo potrebe za pripremom i prilagođavanjem različitim postavkama problema sinteze; implementacijom postupka u okruženju opšteg matematičkog programa Mathcad omogućeno je da svi elementi proračuna (ulazni podaci, jednačine, komentari, skice, dijagramski prikazi i numerički rezultati) budu objedinjeni na jednom mestu.Primena razvijenog postupka sinteze demonstrirana je na karakterističnim problemima optimalne sinteze mehanizama za oslanjanje vozila. Problemi su postavljeni tako da je zadato kretanje nosača točka - generisano je mehanizmom poznate konfiguracije. U takvoj postavci problema, u kojoj se pouzdano zna da se zadato kretanje nosača točka može ostvariti, izvedeni su numerički eksperimenti sa višestrukim ponavljanjem postupka sinteze uz variranje početnih vrednosti nepoznatih konstrukcionih parametara slučajnim izborom iz širokih intervala. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je u svim slučajevima razvijeni postupak sinteze rezultovao mehanizmom koji ostvaruje zadato kretanje uz odstupanja znatno ispod praga fizičke značajnosti.</p> / <p>This paper is focused on the design of lever mechanisms used in systems for elastic vehicle suspension.<br />The lever mechanisms used for wheel guidance are tasked with accomplishing a mobile connection between the wheel and the support structure that allows the wheel a roughly vertical motion relative to the vehicle body and receives the active and reactive forces and torque originating from the interaction between the wheel and the ground.<br />A simple, universal method for the optimal synthesis of mechanisms used in vehicle support systems is defined, one that doesn&rsquo;t require extensive preparation or adjustments for specific conditions. The basic characteristics of the proposed method are: accuracy and practical applicability of the method; simplicity and universality of the whole synthesis process, insured by adopting the differential evolution algorythm for the optimization method; robustness of the method and the lack of need for preparation and adjustments to the different synthesis peoblems; by implementing the method in the universal mathematical program Mathcad, the calculation elements (input, equations, comments, sketches, diagrams and numerical resuts) are all presented and accessible in one place.<br />The application of the developed method is demonstrated on charachetirstic problems of the optimal synthesis of vehicle support mechanisms. The problems are set up so that the motion of the wheel support is known &ndash; it is generated by a mechanism with a known configuration. In this kind of setting, where one is sure the given motion of the wheel support can be accomplished, a series of numerical tests was performed with multiple repetitions of the synthesis method using different initial values of the unknown construction parameters randomly chosen from wide intervals. The results of these experiments have shown that for each set of initial values, the developed method resulted in a mechanism that accomplished the required motion with very slight deviations, too small to be of any practical importance.</p>

<p>Prema postojećem tumačenju Ziegler-Natta polimerizacije, smatra se da se prekursor prelaznog metala (Mt) aktivira pomoću alkila metala, a da se rast polimernog lanca ostvaruje umetanjem monomera između Mt i rastućeg polimernog lanca. Postoje mnoga neslaganja eksperimentalnih činjenica sa tumačenjem polimerizacije mehanizmom insertacije. U ovom radu predložen je novi mehanizam polimerizacije olefina pomoću jedinjenja prelaznih metala perkolacijom naelektrisanja (CPM): makromolekulski lanac nastaje polimerizacijorm grozda monomera (nM) koji je adsorbovan na nosaču (S) između dva adsorbovana prelazna metala, jednog u vi&scaron;em (Mt⁺⁴), a drugog u nižem oksidacionom stanju (Mt⁺²):</p><p style="text-align: center;">( Mt^n+1...nM^...Mtⁿ⁺¹)/S&nbsp;&rarr;(MtⁿMtⁿ)/S + polimer.</p><p>Novi&nbsp;mehanizam polimerizacije perkoracijom naelektrisanja potvrđen je eksperimentalnim podacima, matematičkim proračunima i kompjuterskim simulacijama. U radu je prvo ukazano na značaj dosada&scaron;njih istraživanja i dat je prikaz pojedinih eksperimentalnih činjenica koje potvrđuju perkolacioni model polimerizacije. Po principu Monte-Carlo simulacija, napravljen je novi specijalni kompjuterski program &quot;Lattice&quot; koji omogućuje simulaciju polimerizacije olefina pomoću CPM. U radu je dat detaljan opis kompjuterskog programa &quot;Lattice&quot; i oja&scaron;njeno je na koji način se eksperimentalni parametri prevode u parametre perkolacionog modela polimerizacije. Na osnovu matematičkog proračuna i kompjuterske simulacije (primenom teorije Kobozeva) predviđen je uticaj sadržaja prelaznog metala na nosaču na produktivnost metala i nosača, &scaron;to je potvrđeno eksperimentalnim podacima. U radu je prikazano na koji način promene: tipa nosača, početne povr&scaron;inske koncentracije monomera, koncentracije prelaznim metala redosledu dodavanja reagujućih komponenti, utiču na grafiku brzina polimerizacije - vreme. Primenom perkolacionog modela polimerizacije obja&scaron;njene su eksperimentalne činjenice koje do sad nisu mogle biti potpuno obja&scaron;njene primenom mehanizma insertacije.</p> / <p>According the current explanation of Ziegler-Natta polymerization, transition metal (Mt)<br />is activated by alkyl group and vacant orbital are formed. It is belived that polymer<br />chain propagates by monomer insertion between Mt and growing polymer chain. It has also been known that by using existing insertion mechanism of the polymerization,<br />some experimentally proved facts cannot be explained completely. In this paper new<br />charge percolation mechanism (CPM) of olefin polymeiization by supported Mt<br />complexes is presented: a macromolecular chain is formed polymerization of<br />monomer cluster (nM) adsorbed at the support (S) between two immobilised Mt ions,<br />one in the higher (Mt⁺⁴) and the other in the lower (Mt⁺²) oxidation state:</p><p style="text-align: center;">( Mtn+1...nM...Mtn+1)/S &rarr;(MtnMtn)/S + polymer.</p><p>New CPM has been confirmed by published experimental data, by calculating and by computer simulation. First it has been clarified the signifigance of the existing<br />experiment and some experimental facts wich are confrlmed by CPM are shown. A special computer program &quot;Lattice&quot; has been developed to simulate olefin<br />polymerization based on CPM using Monte Carlo procedure. In this work it is explanied<br />how the polymerization parametar from real experiments are transfered to percolation<br />and simulation parametars. The effects of thesurface concentration of active centres on<br />metal productivities and support productivites has been predicted by the calculating and computer simulation (using catalytic theory of Kobozev) and confirmed by real<br />experimental data. In this work it is also shown how the polymer structure and tipe of<br />the curve polymerization rate/time depend on reaction conditions (Mt concentration, tipe of the support, Mt/S ratio, sequence of chemical components addition, time). At the end the experimental facts which couldn&#39;t have been explained completaly ty insertion<br />mechanism are explanied using CpM.</p><p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</p>

<p>Disertacija je posvećena problemima<br />o&scaron;tećenja cevi pirolitičkih peći u fabrici etilena,<br />kao i metodima procene preostalog ţivotnog<br />veka cevi peći, uop&scaron;tava teorijska i praktična<br />istraţivanja koja su sprovedena za vreme<br />trajanja doktorskih studija.<br />Peć za pirolizu benzina je uzeta kao tipičan<br />primer za proučavanje preostalog ţivotnog veka<br />na osnovu prikupljenih podataka o cevima peći,<br />kao &scaron;to su: redukcija debljine zida, povećanje<br />spoljnjeg prečnika, tvrdoća i metalografska<br />istraţivanja, itd., a eksperimentalni rezultati su<br />dobiveni iz pripremljenih isečaka cevi peći.<br />Razmatra se veliki kompleks pitanja povezan<br />sa problemom tačnosti procene ţivotnog veka.<br />Iako otkaz cevi peći nije veliki bezbednosni<br />problem, procena preostalog ţivotnog veka cevi<br />je značajna zbog u&scaron;tede tro&scaron;kova koji proizilaze<br />iz optimizacije procesnih parametara ili<br />redukcije frekvence ispitivanja i prevazilaţenja<br />neplaniranih zastoja.</p> / <p>The dissertation is devoted to<br />problems of pyrolysis furnace tubes<br />damage in ethylene plant, and methods of<br />assessment of the furnace tube remaining<br />life, generalizes the theoretical and<br />practical research that is conducted during<br />the doctoral studies.<br />Furnace for the gasoline pyrolysisis<br />taken as a typical example for the study of<br />the remaining life based on data collected<br />on the furnace tube, such as the reduction<br />of wall thickness, increasing the outer<br />diameter, hardness and metallographic<br />testing, etc.., and experimental results<br />were obtained from prepared furnace tube<br />slices.<br />Discusses the major issues associated<br />with the complex problem of the accuracy<br />of life expectancy. Although furnace tube<br />failure isn&rsquo;t a major security problem, the<br />tube remaining life estimation is important<br />because of cost savings resulting from the<br />optimization of process parameters or<br />reducing the frequency of tests and<br />overcome unplanned downtime.</p>

<p>Prisusutvo&nbsp; arsena&nbsp; u&nbsp; podzemnim&nbsp; vodama,&nbsp; koje&nbsp; se&nbsp; primenjuju&nbsp; za vodosnabdevanje stanovni&scaron;tva je globalan problem. Različiti&nbsp; konvencionalni<br />procesi&nbsp; se primenjuju&nbsp; za&nbsp; uklanjanje&nbsp; arsena iz vode, uključujući koagulaciju i<br />flokulaciju,&nbsp; sorpciju,&nbsp; membransku&nbsp; filtraciju&nbsp; i&nbsp; jonsku&nbsp; izmenu.&nbsp; Uzimajući&nbsp; u<br />obzir relativnu nisku cenu, jednostavnu kontrolu procesa i održavanje, visok<br />stepen uklanjanja arsena, sorpcija se smatra jednom od najpodobnijih tehnika<br />za uklanjanje arsena u tretmanu vode za piće. Premda su na trži&scaron;tu dostupni<br />različiti&nbsp; sorbenti&nbsp; za&nbsp; uklanjanje&nbsp; arsena,&nbsp; postoji&nbsp; potreba&nbsp; za&nbsp; iznalaženjem&nbsp; i<br />razvojem&nbsp; novih&nbsp;<em> low-cost&nbsp;</em> sorbenata,&nbsp; a&nbsp; kojima&nbsp; bi&nbsp; se&nbsp; pak&nbsp; mogao&nbsp; obezbediti<br />visok stepen uklanjanja oba oksidaciona oblika&nbsp; arsena,&nbsp; i&nbsp; As(III) i As(V). Cilj<br />ovog rada bio je usmeren na sintezu i karakterizaciju novih sorbenata na bazi<br />gvožđa&nbsp; i&nbsp; mangana&nbsp; odnosno&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binarnog&nbsp; oksida,&nbsp; ispitivanje&nbsp; njihovog<br />potencijala&nbsp; za&nbsp; uklanjanje&nbsp; arsena&nbsp; iz&nbsp; vode&nbsp; i&nbsp; utvrđivanje&nbsp; da&nbsp; li&nbsp; novosintetisani<br />sorbenti po pitanju efikasnosti, mogu konkurisati postojećim komercijalnim i<br />&scaron;iroko kori&scaron;ćenim sorbentima u tretmanima voda.<br />Metodom&nbsp; precipitacije,&nbsp; sintetisani&nbsp; su&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binarni&nbsp; oksidi&nbsp; sa&nbsp; različitim Fe:Mn&nbsp; molskim&nbsp; odnosima&nbsp; 1:1,&nbsp; 3:1,&nbsp; 6:1&nbsp; i&nbsp; 9:1,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; su&nbsp; kombinacijom heterogene&nbsp; nukleacione&nbsp; tehnike&nbsp; i&nbsp; precipitacije,&nbsp; sintetisana&nbsp; i&nbsp; četiri&nbsp; sorbenta magnetnih&nbsp; svojstava&nbsp; (Mag,&nbsp; Mag-Fe,&nbsp; Mag-Mn,&nbsp; Mag-FeMn).&nbsp; Modifikacijom biopolimera&nbsp; Chitosana&nbsp; i&nbsp; GAC,&nbsp; sa&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binarnim&nbsp; oksidom,&nbsp; razvijena&nbsp; su preostala&nbsp; dva&nbsp; materijala&nbsp; Chit-FeMn,&nbsp; odnosno&nbsp; GAC-FeMn.&nbsp; Sintetisani sorbenti su karakterisani različitim tehnikama i metodama (SEM/EDS, XRD,FTIR, BET).Fizičko-hemijskom karakterizacijom sintetisanih sorbenata ustanovljeno je da se Fe-Mn binarni oksidi i magnetni materijali, karakteri&scaron;u relativno velikim specifičnim&nbsp; povr&scaron;inama&nbsp; (109-300&nbsp; m²/g)&nbsp; i&nbsp; zapreminama&nbsp; mezopora (0,144-0,403&nbsp; cm ³ /g).&nbsp; Velika&nbsp; specifična&nbsp; povr&scaron;ina&nbsp; i&nbsp; razvijena&nbsp; mikroporozna struktura uočena je kod GAC-FeMn (996 m<br />² /g; 0,394 cm^{3 /}g). U poređenju sa ostalim&nbsp; sintetisanim&nbsp; sorbentima,&nbsp; Chit-FeMn&nbsp; je&nbsp; karakterisala&nbsp; najmanja specifična&nbsp; povr&scaron;ina&nbsp; i&nbsp; zapremina&nbsp; mezopora&nbsp; (1,99&nbsp; m<br />²/g;&nbsp; 0,014&nbsp; cm ³ /g).&nbsp; XRD analiza&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binarnih&nbsp; oksida&nbsp; ukazala&nbsp; je&nbsp; da&nbsp; je&nbsp; fazna&nbsp; struktura&nbsp; sintetisanih Fe-Mn&nbsp; binarnih&nbsp; oksida&nbsp; slična&nbsp; ferihidratu&nbsp; dok&nbsp; je&nbsp; fazna&nbsp; struktura&nbsp; magnetnih materijala ukazala na prisustvo magemita.<br />Ispitivanja kinetike sorpcionog procesa ukazala su da je mehanizam sorpcije<br />As(III)&nbsp; i&nbsp; As(V)&nbsp; na&nbsp; sintetisanim&nbsp; sorbentima&nbsp; sloţena&nbsp; kombinacija&nbsp; povr&scaron;inske<br />hemisorpcije,&nbsp; koja&nbsp; se&nbsp; odvija&nbsp; kroz&nbsp; granični&nbsp; sloj&nbsp; čestica&nbsp; sorbenata&nbsp; i unutarčestične difuzije. Tome u prilog i&scaron;li su i rezultati FTIR analize kojima<br />je potvrđeno da se sorpcija arsena na sintetisanim sorbentima ostvaruje kroz<br />interakcije hidroksilnih grupa gvožđa prisutnih na povr&scaron;ini sorbenata i arsena.<br />Dodatno, pokazano je da se za razliku od sorpcije As(V), sorpcija As(III) na sorbentima&nbsp; koji&nbsp; pored&nbsp; oksida&nbsp; gvožđa&nbsp; sadrže&nbsp; i&nbsp; okside&nbsp; mangana&nbsp; (Fe-Mn binarni oksidi, Mag-FeMn, Mag-Mn,Chit-FeMn i GAC-FeMn) odvija u dva koraka. U prvom koraku As(III) se oksiduje do As(V), dok u drugom koraku, oksidovani&nbsp; As(V)&nbsp; mehanizmom&nbsp; ligandne&nbsp; izmene&nbsp; formira&nbsp; komplekse&nbsp; na povr&scaron;ini ovih sorbenata.<br />Afiniteti sorpcije Fe-Mn binarnih oksida (na osnovu K_d vrednosti)&nbsp; za As(III) opadali su u nizu Fe-Mn 3:1 &gt; Fe-Mn 1:1 &gt; Fe-Mn 6:1 &gt; Fe-Mn 9:1 odnosno kod&nbsp; As(V):&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; 6:1&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; 3:1&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; 9:1&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; 1:1.&nbsp; Kod magnetnih kompozita,&nbsp; najveća K_d vrednost za As(III) i As(V) ustanovljena je kod&nbsp; Mag-FeMn.&nbsp; Uop&scaron;teno,&nbsp; Kd<br />vrednosti&nbsp; za&nbsp; As(III),&nbsp; kod&nbsp; magnetnih kompozita,&nbsp; opadale&nbsp; su&nbsp; u&nbsp; nizu:&nbsp; Mag-FeMn&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; Mag-Mn&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; Mag&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; Mag-Fe, Slično, afinitet sorbenata za As(V), opadao je na sledeći način: Mag-FeMn &gt; Mag&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; Mag-Fe&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; Mag-Mn.&nbsp; U&nbsp; poređenju&nbsp; sa&nbsp; neimpregniranim,&nbsp; K_d vrednosti bile su daleko veće kod obloţenih materijala, Chit-FeMn i GAC-FeMn, &scaron;to je ukazalo&nbsp; na&nbsp; značajan&nbsp; doprinos&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binarnog&nbsp; oksida&nbsp; adsorpcionom kapacitetu neimpregniranih medija za As(III) i As(V). U&nbsp; odnosu&nbsp; na&nbsp; ostale&nbsp; ispitivane&nbsp; anjone,&nbsp; najveći&nbsp; uticaj&nbsp; na&nbsp; sorpciju&nbsp; oba&nbsp; oblika arsena&nbsp; na&nbsp; svim&nbsp; sintetisanim&nbsp; sorbentima&nbsp; uočen&nbsp; je&nbsp; kod&nbsp; fosfata,&nbsp; dok&nbsp; je&nbsp; uticaj nitrata i hlorida, u svim slučajevima bio bez značaja. Uticaj ispitivanih anjona na&nbsp; sorpciju&nbsp; As(III)&nbsp; i&nbsp; As(V)&nbsp; na&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binarnim&nbsp; oksidima,&nbsp; magnetnim materijalima, Chit-FeMn kao i na sorpciju As(V) na GAC-FeMn, opadao je u nizu: fosfati &gt; silikati &gt; karbonati &gt; sulfati &gt; nitrati &gt; hloridi. Slično, uticaj ispitivanih&nbsp; anjona&nbsp; na&nbsp; sorpciju&nbsp; As(III)&nbsp; na&nbsp; GAC-FeMn&nbsp; je&nbsp; opadao&nbsp; na&nbsp; sledeći način: fosfati &gt; silikati &gt; sulfati &gt; karbonati &gt; nitrati &gt; hloridi.Primenom&nbsp; sme&scaron;e&nbsp; NaCl-NaOH-NaOCl&nbsp; odnosno&nbsp; primenom&nbsp; 0,1&nbsp; M&nbsp; i&nbsp; 0,5&nbsp; M&nbsp; rastvora NaOH, ustanovljeno je da se sintetisani sorbenti mogu jednostavno i&nbsp; efikasno&nbsp; regenerisati&nbsp; i&nbsp; vi&scaron;estruko&nbsp; primeniti,&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; je&nbsp; od&nbsp; izuzetnog&nbsp; značaja&nbsp; sa ekolo&scaron;kog i ekonomskog aspekta.&nbsp; Najmanje smanjenje sorpcionog kapaciteta&nbsp; i za As(III) i za As(V), nakon pet ciklusa sorpcije -desorpcije, ustanovljeno je kod binarnog oksida sa Fe:Mn molskim odnosom 3:1 i Mag-FeMn.&nbsp; Na osnovu rezultata prikazanih u ovom radu, može se zaključiti da sintetisani sorbenti,&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binarni&nbsp; oksidi&nbsp; i&nbsp; magnetni&nbsp; kompoziti,&nbsp; posebno&nbsp; Mag-FeMn, mogu&nbsp; biti&nbsp; efikasna&nbsp; i&nbsp; ekonomična&nbsp; alternativa&nbsp; skupim&nbsp; komercijalnim sorbentima&nbsp; i&nbsp; drugim&nbsp; sofisticiranim&nbsp; tehnologijama.&nbsp; Visok&nbsp; oksidacioni&nbsp; i sorpcioni kapacitet ovih&nbsp; materijala, koji obezbeđuje istovremeno uklanjanje&nbsp; oba oksidaciona oblika arsena daje veliku prednost ovim sorbentima i čini ih veoma&nbsp; atraktivnim&nbsp; i&nbsp; obećavajućim&nbsp; u&nbsp; tretmanu&nbsp; voda.&nbsp; Dodatni&nbsp; benefit<br />magnetnih&nbsp; sorbenata,&nbsp; pre&nbsp; svega&nbsp; Mag-FeMn,&nbsp; ogleda&nbsp; se&nbsp; u&nbsp; njegovoj jednostavnoj separaciji iz vodenog medijuma i recirkulaciji u sistemu. Glavne prednosti&nbsp; sintetisanih&nbsp; Chit-FeMn&nbsp; i&nbsp; GAC-FeMn,&nbsp; ogledaju&nbsp; se&nbsp; u&nbsp; mogućnosti&nbsp; njihove primene kao efikasne filtracione ispune.</p> / <p>The&nbsp; presence&nbsp; of&nbsp; inorganic&nbsp; arsenic&nbsp; in&nbsp; groundwater&nbsp; used&nbsp; for&nbsp; drinking&nbsp; water supply&nbsp; is&nbsp; a&nbsp; global&nbsp; problem.&nbsp; Different&nbsp; techniques&nbsp; such&nbsp; as&nbsp; oxidation, coagulation,&nbsp; adsorption,&nbsp; ion&nbsp; exchange,&nbsp; and&nbsp; membrane&nbsp; filtration&nbsp; have&nbsp; been developed&nbsp; and&nbsp; applied&nbsp; for&nbsp; arsenic&nbsp; removal&nbsp; from&nbsp; aqueous&nbsp; media.&nbsp; Among these&nbsp; technologies,&nbsp;&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; is&nbsp; regarded&nbsp; as&nbsp; one&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; most&nbsp; promising approaches to remove arsenic from water because of its high efficiency, low cost, simplicity of operation. Although many sorbents for arsenic removal are available on the market, there is still a need to identify and develop new&nbsp; lowcost&nbsp; sorbents which are highly effective in removing both oxidation states of arsenic, As(III) and As(V). This dissertation therefore presents the synthesis and&nbsp; characterization&nbsp; of&nbsp; ten&nbsp; new&nbsp; iron&nbsp; and&nbsp; manganese&nbsp; based&nbsp; sorbents specifically developed for effective As removal. The Fe- Mn binary oxides were prepared with Fe:Mn molar ratios of 1:1, 3:1,6:1 and 9:1, while four heterogeneous magnetic composites (Mag, Mag-Fe,Mag-Mn,&nbsp; Mag-FeMn)&nbsp; were&nbsp; synthesized&nbsp; by&nbsp; combining&nbsp; the&nbsp; heterogeneous nucleation&nbsp; technique&nbsp; with&nbsp; precipitation.&nbsp; The&nbsp; remaining&nbsp; two&nbsp; materials, Chit-FeMn&nbsp; and&nbsp; GAC-FeMn,&nbsp; were&nbsp; created&nbsp; by&nbsp; modifying&nbsp; the&nbsp; Chitosan&nbsp; and GAC&nbsp; biopolymers&nbsp; with&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binary&nbsp;&nbsp; oxide&nbsp; (Chit-FeMn&nbsp; and&nbsp; GAC-FeMn).Multiple&nbsp; techniques&nbsp; were&nbsp; applied&nbsp; to&nbsp; determine&nbsp; the&nbsp; physical&nbsp; and&nbsp; chemical characteristics&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; resulting&nbsp; sorbents&nbsp; (including&nbsp; SEM/EDS,&nbsp; XRD,&nbsp; FTIR and BET analyses). In order to establish which sorbents show&nbsp; the greatest promise for application during&nbsp; drinking&nbsp; water&nbsp; treatment,&nbsp; the&nbsp; sorption&nbsp; capacity&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; sorbents,&nbsp; theAs(III)&nbsp; and&nbsp; As(V)&nbsp; sorption&nbsp; mechanisms,&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; impact&nbsp; of&nbsp; various&nbsp; factors relevant to arsenic sorption, including the regeneration potential and the reuse potential of the sorbents, were all investigated in&nbsp; batch experiments. During the physical characterisation, the Fe-Mn binary oxides and magnetic materials&nbsp; were&nbsp; found&nbsp; to&nbsp; have&nbsp; relatively&nbsp; large&nbsp; specific&nbsp; surface&nbsp; areas (109-300 m 2 /g) and mesopore volumes (0.144-0.403 cm 3 /g).&nbsp; A large specific surface&nbsp; area&nbsp; and&nbsp; microporous&nbsp; structure&nbsp; was&nbsp; observed&nbsp; for&nbsp; GAC-FeMn&nbsp; (996 m 2 /g;&nbsp; 0.394&nbsp; cm 3 /g).&nbsp; In&nbsp; comparison&nbsp; with&nbsp; the&nbsp; other&nbsp; synthesized&nbsp; sorbents,&nbsp; Chit-FeMn has the smallest specific surface area and pore volume (1.99 m 2 /g; 0.014&nbsp; cm 3 /g).&nbsp; XRD&nbsp; analyses&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binary&nbsp; oxides&nbsp; indicated&nbsp; that&nbsp; the phase&nbsp; structure&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; synthesized&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binary&nbsp; oxides&nbsp; was&nbsp; similar&nbsp; to ferrihydrate,&nbsp; while&nbsp; the&nbsp; phase&nbsp; structure&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; magnetic&nbsp; materials&nbsp; showed&nbsp; a good agreement with the XRD diffractogram of maghemite. Investigations into As sorption process kinetics have shown that the sorption mechanism&nbsp; for&nbsp; both&nbsp; As(III)&nbsp; and&nbsp; As(V)&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; synthesized&nbsp; sorbents&nbsp; is&nbsp; a combination&nbsp; of&nbsp; surface&nbsp; hemisorption,&nbsp; which&nbsp; takes&nbsp; place&nbsp; through&nbsp; the boundary&nbsp; layer&nbsp; of&nbsp; sorbent&nbsp; particles,&nbsp; and&nbsp; intracellular&nbsp; diffusion.&nbsp; The&nbsp; FTIR analyses&nbsp; confirmed&nbsp; that&nbsp; arsenic&nbsp; sorption&nbsp; was&nbsp; accomplished&nbsp; through&nbsp; the interactions&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; hydroxyl&nbsp; groups&nbsp; of&nbsp; iron&nbsp; present&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; surface&nbsp; of&nbsp; the sorbents and arsenic. In contrast to the sorption of As(V), it was also shown that&nbsp; As(III)&nbsp; sorption&nbsp; onto&nbsp; sorbents&nbsp; containing&nbsp; manganese&nbsp; oxides&nbsp; (Fe-Mn binary&nbsp; oxides,&nbsp; Mag-FeMn,&nbsp; Mag-Mn,&nbsp; Chit-FeMn&nbsp; and&nbsp; GAC&nbsp; -FeMn)&nbsp; takes place in two steps. In the first step As(III) is oxidized to As(V), while in the second&nbsp; step,&nbsp; the&nbsp; oxidized&nbsp; As(V)&nbsp; forms&nbsp; complexes&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; surface&nbsp; of&nbsp; the sorbents via ligand exchange. The&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binary&nbsp; oxide&nbsp; sorption&nbsp; capacities&nbsp; (expressed&nbsp; as&nbsp; Kd values)&nbsp; for As(III)&nbsp;&nbsp; followed the trend Fe-Mn 3:1 &gt; Fe-Mn 1:1 &gt; Fe-Mn 6:1 &gt; Fe-Mn 9:1, whereas the&nbsp; As(V) trend was Fe-Mn 6:1 &gt; Fe-Mn 3:1 &gt; Fe-Mn 9:1 &gt; Fe-Mn 1:1. In the magnetic&nbsp; composites, the largest&nbsp; Kd value for As(III) and As(V) was&nbsp; obtained&nbsp; for&nbsp; Mag-FeMn.&nbsp; Generally,&nbsp; the&nbsp; Kd values&nbsp; for&nbsp; As(III)&nbsp; in&nbsp; the magnetic composites decreased in the series: Mag-FeMn &gt; Mag-Mn &gt; Mag &gt; Mag-Fe.&nbsp; Similarly,&nbsp; the&nbsp; affinity&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; sorbents&nbsp; for&nbsp; As(V)&nbsp; was&nbsp; as&nbsp; follows: Mag-FeMn&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; Mag&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; Mag-Fe&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; Mag- Mn.&nbsp; In&nbsp; comparison&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; nonimpregnated&nbsp; materials,&nbsp; the&nbsp; Kd values&nbsp; were&nbsp; much&nbsp; higher&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp;&nbsp; boated materials,&nbsp; Chit-FeMn&nbsp; and&nbsp; GAC-FeMn,&nbsp; demonstrating&nbsp; the&nbsp; significant advantage&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binary&nbsp; oxides&nbsp; provide&nbsp; in&nbsp; increasing&nbsp; As(III)&nbsp; and&nbsp; As(V)&nbsp; adsorption capacities. One&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; most&nbsp; problematic&nbsp; limiting&nbsp; factors&nbsp; in&nbsp; applying&nbsp; adsorption technologies during drinking water treatment is the presence of other water constituents which interfere with the adsorption process.&nbsp; Investigations into the inhibitory effect of competive anions on the adsorption of both forms of arsenic&nbsp; revealed&nbsp; that&nbsp; phosphates&nbsp; were&nbsp; the&nbsp; worst&nbsp; offenders&nbsp; in&nbsp; terms&nbsp; ofreducing&nbsp; the&nbsp; arsenic&nbsp; removal&nbsp; efficacy&nbsp; of&nbsp; sorbents&nbsp; investigated.&nbsp; From&nbsp; the largest&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; smallest&nbsp; negative&nbsp; influence&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; anions&nbsp; investigated,&nbsp; for As(III)&nbsp; and&nbsp; As(V)&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; on&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binary&nbsp; oxides,&nbsp; magnetic&nbsp; materials and Chit-FeMn, as well as As(V) adsorption on GAC-FeMn, the order was: phosphates &gt; silicates &gt; carbonates &gt; sulfates &gt; nitrates &gt; chlorides, with the presence&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; latter&nbsp; two&nbsp; anions&nbsp; proving&nbsp; almost&nbsp; irrelevant&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; As adsorption&nbsp; process.&nbsp; Similarly,&nbsp; the&nbsp; negative&nbsp; influence&nbsp; of&nbsp; anions&nbsp; on&nbsp; As(III) sorption on GAC-FeMn was: phosphates &gt; silicates &gt; sulphates &gt; carbonates &gt; nitrates &gt; chlorides. Another&nbsp; issue&nbsp; with&nbsp; applying&nbsp; adsorption&nbsp; in&nbsp; real&nbsp; treatment&nbsp; conditions&nbsp; is&nbsp; the need to regularly&nbsp; regenerate and/or replace the spent sorbent. In this work, a simple&nbsp; and&nbsp; efficient&nbsp; process&nbsp; for&nbsp; sorbent&nbsp;&nbsp; rfegeneration&nbsp; is&nbsp; demonstrated.&nbsp; This regeneration&nbsp; process&nbsp; can&nbsp; be&nbsp; applied&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; sorbents&nbsp; investigated&nbsp; multiple times, and uses an NaCl-NaOH-NaOCl mixture, or 0.1 M and 0.5 M NaOH solutions.&nbsp; This&nbsp; finding&nbsp; is&nbsp; of&nbsp; great&nbsp; importance&nbsp; from&nbsp; an&nbsp; ecological&nbsp; and economic point of view. The minimum reduction in the sorption capacity for both As(III) and As(V), after five sorption-regeneration cycles, was found in&nbsp; the&nbsp; binary&nbsp; oxide&nbsp; with&nbsp; a&nbsp; 3:1&nbsp; Fe:Mn&nbsp; molar&nbsp; ratio&nbsp; and&nbsp; Mag-FeMn.&nbsp; Arsenic sorption&nbsp; behaviour&nbsp; was&nbsp; also&nbsp; investigated&nbsp; using&nbsp; real&nbsp; groundwater&nbsp; samples, with the results demonstrating the great potential of 3:1 Fe-Mn binary oxide and Mag- FeMn. However, Chit-FeMn and GAC-FeMn were less effective at adsorbing As from the groundwater samples.Based on the results presented in this dissertation, it can&nbsp; be concluded that the synthesized&nbsp; sorbents,&nbsp; especially&nbsp; the&nbsp; Fe-Mn&nbsp; binary&nbsp; oxides&nbsp; and&nbsp; magnetic composites,&nbsp; and&nbsp; Mag-FeMn&nbsp; in&nbsp; particular,&nbsp; can&nbsp; be&nbsp; efficient&nbsp; and&nbsp; economical alternatives&nbsp; to&nbsp; expensive&nbsp; commercial&nbsp; sorbents&nbsp; and&nbsp; other&nbsp; sophisticated&nbsp; As removal&nbsp; technologies.&nbsp; The&nbsp; high&nbsp; oxidation&nbsp; and&nbsp; sorption&nbsp; capacity &nbsp; of&nbsp; these materials,&nbsp; which&nbsp; ensure&nbsp; the&nbsp; simultaneous&nbsp; removal&nbsp; of&nbsp; arsenic&nbsp; with&nbsp; both oxidation states, is a large advantage for these sorbents and makes them very attractive&nbsp; and&nbsp; promising&nbsp; for&nbsp; application&nbsp; in&nbsp; drinking&nbsp; water&nbsp; treatment.&nbsp; An additional&nbsp; benefit of the magnetic sorbents, primarily Mag-FeMn, is the ease with&nbsp; which&nbsp; they&nbsp; may&nbsp; be&nbsp; separated&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; aqueous&nbsp; medium,&nbsp; allowing&nbsp; for simple&nbsp; recirculation within a system. Similarly,&nbsp; the main advantages of&nbsp; the synthesized Chit- FeMn and GAC-FeMn are reflected in their application as effective filtration media.</p>

<p>Ispitana je direktna i indirektna fotoliza alprazolama (ALP) i amitriptilina (AMI)<br />primenom UV, vidljivog&nbsp; i simuliranog sunčevog zračenja (SSZ). Takođe, praćena je stabilnost vodenih rastvora ALP i AMI u mraku.&nbsp; U okviru ispitivanja fotokatalitičke&nbsp; razgradnje ALP,ispitana je efikasnost ZnO i TiO_2&nbsp;Degussa P25 primenom UV i SSZ.&nbsp; Takođe, proučavan je&nbsp; utica jmasene koncentracije fotokatalizatora, pH, kao i<br />uticaj hvatača radikala/&scaron;upljina&nbsp; i elektron-akceptora.&nbsp; Praćen je stepen mineralizacije<br />merenjem ukupnog organskog ugljenika i primenom&nbsp; jonske hromatografije. Takođe,<br />detaljno su ispitani reakcioni intermedijeri.&nbsp; Dalje,ispitano&nbsp; je ponovno kori&scaron;ćenje ZnO u tri uzastopna procesa razgradnje ALP. U cilju praćenja citotoksičnosti ALP, ispitan je&nbsp; in vitro rast dve ćelijske linije: Neuro-2a i MRC-5. Zatim,proučavana je efikasnost sintetisanih ZnO (ZnO modifikovani mlevenjem i kalcinacijom, ZnO dopirani jonima Mg(II), ternarni i&nbsp; me&scaron;ani&nbsp; cink-kalaj-oksidi) i TiO₂&nbsp; (anatas&nbsp; TiO₂&nbsp; nedopirani&nbsp; i dopirani La(III)-jonima, brukitni TiO2) nanoprahova u razgradnji ALP primenom UV i SSZ. U okviru fotokatalitičke razgradnje AMI, ispitana&nbsp; je&nbsp; efikasnost&nbsp; razgradnje&nbsp; pri različitim eksperimentalnim uslovima&nbsp; (uticaj vrste fotokatalizatora i zračenja, masene&nbsp; koncentracije fotokatalizatora, početne koncentracije supstrata, uticaj prisustva&nbsp; kako&nbsp; hvatača radikala i &scaron;upljina, tako&nbsp; i elektron-akceptora). Praćen je stepen mineralizacije merenjem ukupnog organskog ugljenika i&nbsp; primenom&nbsp; jonske hromatografije.&nbsp; U cilju praćenja citotoksičnosti&nbsp; AMI, ispitan je&nbsp; in vitro&nbsp; rast četiri ćelijske linije: Neuro-2a, MRC-5, H-4-II-E i HT-29.&nbsp; Zatim, proučavana je efikasnost sintetisanih TiO₂/polianilin nanokompozitnih prahova, kao i&nbsp; prevlaka&nbsp; čistog TiO_2&nbsp;i WO₃/TiO₂&nbsp; u razgradnji AMI primenom UV i SSZ. Takođe, ispitan je uticaj&nbsp; strukture&nbsp; supstrata&nbsp; na efikasnost&nbsp; fotokatalitičke razgradnje kroz ispitivanje&nbsp; efikasnosti sintetisanih TiO₂&nbsp; nanoprahova dopiranih jonima W(VI), zatim me&scaron;anih&nbsp; cink-kalaj-oksid&nbsp; nanoprahova, kao i&nbsp; indijum-cink-oksid nanoprahova primenom UV i SSZ.</p> / <p>Direct and indirect photolysis of alprazolam (ALP) and amitriptyline (AMI) were studied using UV, visible,&nbsp; and simulated solar irradiation (SSI). Also, the stability of the ALP and AMI aqueous solutions in the dark were monitored. Photocatalytic degradation of ALP was studied in&nbsp; the&nbsp; presence of&nbsp; ZnO and TiO₂ Degussa&nbsp; P25&nbsp; using UV and SSI. Also, the influence of the photocatalyst&nbsp; loading, pH, as well as the influence of the radical&nbsp; and&nbsp; holes scavengers&nbsp; and electron acceptors&nbsp; were studied. The&nbsp; degree of mineralization was monitored by measuring&nbsp; of&nbsp; total organic carbon and&nbsp; using&nbsp; ion chromatography. Also, reaction intermediates were examined in detail. Further, reusabillity&nbsp; of ZnO was investigated in three consecutive degradation processes of ALP. In order to&nbsp; get insight into the&nbsp; cytotoxicity of the ALP&nbsp; and intermediates formed during photocatalytic degradation, their influence on the growth of two cell lines: Neuro-2a and MRC-5 were investigated. Then, the efficacy of synthesized ZnO (ZnO modified with milling&nbsp; and calcination, ZnO doped with Mg(II) ions, ternary and coupled binary&nbsp; tin-zinc-oxide) and TiO₂&nbsp; (anatase&nbsp; TiO₂&nbsp; undoped and&nbsp; doped&nbsp; with&nbsp; La(III) ions&nbsp; and&nbsp; brookite TiO₂) nanopowders in ALPdegradation using UV and&nbsp; SSI&nbsp; were investigated. Within the photocatalytic degradation of AMI, the&nbsp; degradation efficiency under different experimental conditions was studies (influence of the photocatalyst and irradiation type, photocatalyst&nbsp; loading, initial&nbsp; substrate concentration, the effect of the presence of radical and&nbsp; holes scavengers, and electron acceptors). The degree of mineralization was monitored by measuring&nbsp; of&nbsp; total organiccarbon and&nbsp; using&nbsp; ion chromatography.&nbsp; In order to&nbsp; study&nbsp; the cytotoxicity of AMI&nbsp; and degradation intermediates, their influence on the&nbsp; growth of four cell lines: Neuro-2a, MRC-5, H-4-II-E,&nbsp; and HT-29&nbsp; were investigated. Then, the efficacy of synthesized TiO2/polyaniline nanocomposite powders, as well as photocatalysts of pure TiO₂&nbsp; and WO₃/TiO₂&nbsp; in the form&nbsp; of&nbsp; films&nbsp;&nbsp; in AMI degradation using UV and SSI were studied. In addition, the effect of the&nbsp; substrate&nbsp; structure on the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation was studied by testing the activity&nbsp; of synthesized TiO_2&nbsp; nanopowders doped with W(VI)&nbsp; ions, then&nbsp; coupled binary tin-zinc- oxide&nbsp; nanopowders, as well as coupled binary&nbsp; indium-zinc- oxide nanopowders using UV and SSI.</p>

<p>Ispitana je direktna i indirektna razgradnja odabranih&nbsp; &beta;-blokatora (metoprolol- tartarata, MET i propranolol-hidrohlorida, PRO) kao i diuretika (hidrohlortiazida, HCTZ) i njegovog stabilnog intermedijera hidrolize 4-amino-6-hlor-1,3-benzendisulfonamida (ABSA). Praćena je i kinetika razgradnje direktnom i indirektnom fotolizom uz primenu UVA, UVC, sunčevog i simuliranog sunčevog zračenja (SSZ). Najpre je ispitana&nbsp; stabilnost MET pod dejstvom SSZ, UVA, UVC, UVA/H₂O_{2 ,} i UVA/&nbsp; BrO₃^-. Dalje je ispitana efikasnost razgradnje MET pod dejstvom O₃i UVC/O_3. Identifikovano je deset intermedijera tokom UVC, O_3&nbsp;i UVC/O₃ razgradnje, pri&nbsp; čemu samo jedan ima značajno vi&scaron;u toksičnost prema algama i bakterijama u odnosu na ostale. Efikasnost fotokatalitičke razgradnje MET je ispitana u TiO₂ suspenzijama sa komercijalnim katalizatorima (Wackherr i Degussa P25). Mehanizam fotokatalitičke razgradnje je detaljno ispitan, pri&nbsp; čemu je identifikovano&nbsp; četrnaest intermedijera. EC₅₀ vrednost MET i njegovih sme&scaron;a nastalih pri fotokatalitičkoj razgradnji su određene na tri ćelijske linije sisara (H-4-II-E, HT-29 i MRC-5). Kako bi se povećala efikasnost&nbsp; rocesa fotokatalitičke razgradnje primenom komercijalnih katalizatora, ispitan je&nbsp; uticaj prisustva elektron-akceptora u suspenziji, pri čemu je upoređen uticaj O₂/H₂O₂, i O₂/ BrO₃^-&nbsp;na mehanizam razgradnje. Na osnovu teorije funkcionala gustine stekao se uvid u promene unutar molekula MET u prisustvu reaktivnih radikala. Takođe, ispitana je efikasnost nedopiranih TiO₂ , kao i dopiranih La(III) nanoprahova sintetisanih sol&minus;gel postupkom, u razgradnji MET. Uticaj temperature &nbsp;kalcinacije na fotokatalitičku efikasnost TiO 2 nanoprahova dopiranih pomoću La(III) &nbsp;ispitana je na supstratima MET i PRO, pri čemu je analiziran i uticaj strukture&nbsp; polaznog jedinjenja na&nbsp; informacija efikasnost fotokatalitičke razgradnje. Rezultati su upoređeni sa nedopiranim TiO₂nanoprahom i TiO₂Degussa P25 (pri pH-vrednosti 9). Pored toga, ispitana je kinetika i toksičnost PRO i njegovih intermedijera nastalih tokom razgradnje sa TiO₂Degussa P25. Ispitan je i uticaj strukture polaznog jedinjenja (MET, HCTZ i ABSA) na fotorazgradnju pod dejstvom&nbsp;UVA, sunčevog i simuliranog sunčevog zračenja, u odsustvu/prisustvu TiO₂ Degussa P25. Takođe, ispitan je i sinergistički efekat MET i ABSA na proces hidrolize, direktne fotolize i fotokatalize sa SSZ/TiO₂Degussa P25. Kako bi se stekao uvid u toksičnost proučavanih sistema, ispitan je njihov uticaj na rast odabranih ćelijskih linija sisara.</p> / <p>Direct and indirect degradation of selected&nbsp; &beta;-blockers (metoprolol tartrate, MET and&nbsp;propranolol hydrochloride, PRO) and also diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ) in &nbsp;addition to its stable hydrolysis intermediate 4-amino-6-chloro-&nbsp;&nbsp; 1,3-benzenedisulfonamide (ABSA) were investigated. The kinetics of their degradation obtained by direct and indirect photolysis under UVA, UVC, sunlight and simulated sunlight irradiation (SSI) have been followed. Firstly, the stability of MET under influence of SSI, UVA, UVC, UVA/H₂O₂ , and UVA/&nbsp; BrO₃^- has been investigated. Further, the efficiency of MET degradation under influence of O₃, and UVC/O₃ has been explored. Ten intermediates have been identified during the UVC, O₃, and UVC/O₃ treatments, while only one intermediate had significantly higher toxicity towards the algae and bacteria in respect to the others. Efficiency of&nbsp; photocatalytic degradation of MET was investigated in TiO₂ suspensions with&nbsp;commercial catalysts (Wackherr and Degussa P25). Mechanism of photocatalytic degradation was investigated in detail according to which fourteen intermediates were identified. EC 50 &nbsp;value of MET and its mixtures formed during the photocatalytic degradation has been determined at three mammalian cell lines (H-4-II-E, HT-29, and MRC-5). In order to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation process applying commercial catalysts, the influence of presence of electron acceptors in suspension has been investigated and the influence of O₂/H₂O_2&nbsp;and O₂/BrO₃^- to the mechanism of degradation has been compared. Based on the density&nbsp; functional theory an insight to the changes within MET molecule in the presence of reactive radicals has been made. Also, the efficiency of bare TiO₂, as well as&nbsp;doped La(III) nanopowders synthesized by sol-gel procedure, in the degradation of&nbsp; MET has been investigated. The influence of calcination temperature on&nbsp; hotocatalytic efficiency of TiO_2&nbsp;nanopowders doped with La(III) has been studied on the MET and&nbsp; PRO substrates, and the influence of structure of the starting compound on the&nbsp; efficiency of &nbsp;photocatalytic degradation had been analyzed. Results have been&nbsp; compared with bare TiO_2&nbsp;nanopowder and TiO₂ Degussa P25 (at pH value of 9). Besides, kinetics and toxicity of PRO and its intermediates formed during the degradation with TiO₂ Degussa P25 have been investigated. The influences of starting compound&rsquo;s structure (MET, HCTZ, and ABSA) to photodegradation under UVA, sunlight and SSI, in the absence/presence of TiO₂ Degussa P25, have been investigated. Also, the synergistic effects of MET and ABSA to the process of&nbsp; hydrolysis, direct photolysis, and photocatalysis with SSI/TiO₂ Degussa P25 have been investigated. In order to get &nbsp;an insight into the toxicity of the studied systems, their influence on the growth of selected mammalian cell lines has been investigated as well.</p>

<p>Ispitana je kinetika i mehanizam fotokatalitičke&nbsp;razgradnje herbicida kvinmeraka i klomazona u prisustvu&nbsp;UV/TiO₂&nbsp; Degussa P25, odnosno piklorama i&nbsp; klopiralida&nbsp;<br />primenom UV/TiO₂&nbsp; Wackherr pri različitim&nbsp;eksperimentalnim uslovima. Praćena je i kinetika&nbsp;razgradnje odabranih herbicida direktnom fotolizom uz&nbsp;primenu sunčevog, UV i vidljivog zračenja, kao i u&nbsp;odsustvu svetlosti. Pored toga, upoređena je efikasnost&nbsp;<br />UV/TiO₂&nbsp; Degussa P25, odnosno UV/TiO₂&nbsp; Wackherr sa&nbsp;vidljivim zračenjem, kao i direktnom fotolizom u&nbsp;prisustvu pomenutih izvora svetlosti.&nbsp; U cilju procene&nbsp;<br />citotoksičnosti klomazona i klopiralida, kao i sme&scaron;e&nbsp;klomazona i klopiralida i njihovih intermedijera nastalih&nbsp;tokom fotokatalitičke razgradnje ispitan je&nbsp; in vitro&nbsp; rast&nbsp;<br />ćelijskih linija&nbsp; MRC-5 i H-4-II-E.&nbsp; Nakon ispitivanja&nbsp;fotokatalitičke razgradnje odabranih herbicida u dvaput&nbsp;destilovanoj vodi, praćena je njihova razgradnja i u&nbsp;prirodnim vodama. Takođe, ispitan je uticaj dodatka&nbsp;hidrogenkarbonata i huminske kiseline na efikasnost&nbsp;razgradnje odabranih herbicida. Fotokatalitička razgradnja&nbsp;klomazona, piklorama i mekopropa je ispitivana i u&nbsp;prisustvu UV/TiO₂&nbsp; nanocevi. Aktivnost katalizatora TiO_2&nbsp;Wackherr&nbsp; i TiO₂&nbsp; nanocevi je upoređena sa TiO₂&nbsp; Degussa&nbsp;P25.</p> / <p>The kinetics and mechanism of photocatalytic degradation&nbsp;of the herbicides quinmerac and clomazone in the&nbsp;presence of UV/TiO₂&nbsp; Degussa P25, and of picloram and&nbsp;clopyralid using UV/TiO₂&nbsp; Wackherr under different&nbsp;experimental conditions were studied. The kinetics of&nbsp;degradation of selected herbicides by direct photolysis&nbsp;using sunlight, UV and visible radiation, and in the&nbsp;absence of light were followed. In addition, the&nbsp;efficiencies of UV/TiO₂&nbsp; Degussa P25 and UV/TiO_2&nbsp;Wackherr &nbsp;were compared with visible radiation and direct&nbsp;photolysis in the presence of the above mentioned light&nbsp;sources. In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of clomazone&nbsp;<br />and clopyralid alone and in their mixture with&nbsp;intermediates formed during the photocatalytic&nbsp;degradation, in vitro growth of cell lines, MRC-5 and H-4-II-E was followed. After examining&nbsp; the photocatalytic&nbsp;degradation of selected herbicides in double distilled&nbsp;water, their decomposition in natural waters was also&nbsp;followed. Also, the influence of hydrogencarbonate and&nbsp;humic acid addition on the efficiency of degradation of&nbsp;selected herbicides was studied. Photocatalytic&nbsp;degradations of clomazone, picloram and mecoprop were&nbsp;investigated in the presence of UV/TiO_2&nbsp;nanotubes. Activities of the catalysts TiO₂&nbsp; Wackherr and TiO_2&nbsp;nanotubes were compared to TiO₂ Degussa P25.</p>