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This master thesis focuses on reuse of waste water from industrial plant processing yellow phosphorus. Theoretical part summarizes physical and chemical properties of phosphorus, its transport in biosphere and its role in living organisms. Also the production process of the industrial plant is described. Waste water that contains waste byproducts is considered to be useful source of essential nutrients for economical large scale microalgae cultivation and development of biotechnological processes. In practical part, optimization of growth conditions for microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (IPPAS C-2) cultivation in medium based on wastewater from yellow phosphorus warehouse is presented.

Genus Trichoderma - anamorph of the genus Hypocrea (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) belongs to saprotrophic filamentous micromycetes. The representatives of this genus are known primarily as cosmopolitan inhabitants of soil ecosystems, including leaf litter and woody debris. This work summarizes the results of the study of isolates belonging to the genus Trichoderma originating from the territory of the Czech Republic, mainly from soil and leaf litter. During the study, altogether 267 isolates were analysed. For all of the isolates the following methods were used: phenotypic characterisation, UP-PCR fingerprinting, gene sequencing in tef 1α and ITS regions, and in the strain AK 115/00 also in rpb2 region. The main result of the study was the identification of 21 species of genus Trichoderma belonging into 4 groups and discovery of one isolate of species yet unknown to science. Species T. crassum, T. gamsii, T. ghanense, T. rossicum and T. longipile were found in the Czech Republic for the first time. According to the literature review and results of this study, 34 different Trichoderma species is currently known from the Czech Republic. In the work there is also discussed low reliability of identification of certain species based only on phenotypic characters. Key words:...

Highly acidic environments represent some of the most extreme habitats for the microbial growth. For a long time it has been assumed that these sites are populated exclusively by prokaryotes. However recently, eukaryotic organisms including fungi have been found to be abundant and important component of acidophilic communities. Concerning fungal diversity only fragmentary data are available indicating that highly acidic sites harbour specific and low-diversified fungal communities dominated by dematiaceous fungi. In the present work we focused on the cultivable mycobiota occupying highly acidic (pH < 3) soils which are at the same time saline (sulfate-rich) and are located at geographically isolated localities in the Czech Republic. This study should provide a deep insight into the diversity and biogeographical pattern of acidophilic/tolerant fungi. A combination of classical and specialized cultivation techniques was successfully applied since it significantly contributed to the broadening of the detected fungal spectrum. The revealed fungal assemblages inhabiting highly acidic sites worldwide are closely similar and differ from the ones known from less acidic habitats. The core of the fungal assemblage under study consisted of phylogenetically unrelated and often globally distributed fungi...

First we define microscopic sets on the real axis and study their relation to the sets of Hausdorff and Lebesgue measure zero and the sets of first category. In the second part, we prove the Ekeland's variational principle and its equivalence with the the Daneš's drop theorem, the Brézis-Browder's theorem, the Phelps' lemma and the Caristi-Kirks's theorem. Furthermore, we discuss its relation to the Bishop-Phelps' theorem. Doing so we define the notion of a drop as the convex hull of a set and a point. In the third part we prove that the drop property equals reflexivity in some sense. A space has the drop property if it is possible to find the drop from the Daneš's theorem even in a more general case than the theorem itself guarantees. Furthermore, we characterize this property using the approximative compactness. Last, we study the microscopic drop property that is more relaxed than the original drop property. We find out that those two notions are for certain sets in reflexive spaces equivalent.

This paper deals with evaluation of presence of pathogenic fungi in oats, in 4 strains and their variants, ways of treatment during growing season. As well, presence rate of studied phytopathogenic fungi, strategy of loss estimate and evalution of intensity of disease are determined. Furhermore, infection of pathogenes of Fusarium fungi is monitored, including evaluation of yield-forming elements. The purpose of in vitro experiments is to observe surficial microflora on oat seed.

First we define microscopic sets on the real axis and study their relation to the sets of Hausdorff and Lebesgue measure zero and the sets of first category. In the second part, we prove the Bishop-Phelps' theorem and its equivalence with the Ekeland's variational principle, the Daneš's drop theorem, the Brézis-Browder's theorem and the Caristi-Kirks's theorem. Doing so we define the notion of a drop as the convex hull of a set and a point. In the third part we prove that the drop property equals reflexivity in some sense. A space has the drop property if it is possible to find the drop from the Daneš's theorem even in a more general case than the theorem itself guarantees. Furthermore, we characterize this property using the approximative compactness. Last, we study the microscopic drop property that is more relaxed than the original drop property. We find out that those two notions are for noncompact sets in reflexive spaces equivalent. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Microscopic fungi (micromycetes) is a topic that is at lower secondary schools neglected and mentioned only marginally. Fungi are of great importance for humans in their everyday life, whether negative or positive. It is the reason to rethink how and when to inform pupils about them. The aim of my thesis is to create my own practical exercises that acquaint the pupils of lower secondary schools with the appearance, properties, occurrence, uses, cultivation methods, and last, but not least with the safety of micromycets. In the practical exercises are used basic methods of work with micromycets such as inoculation of the population from the natural environment to a sterile culture medium, the sedimentation method or the method of spreading a dilute suspension of the stick on the agar medium. The revaccination is used to eliminate secondary structures. Then we deal with the possibility of preparing culture media. Isolated cultures of microscopic fungi are identified by macroscopic characters. Due to the safety with micromycets, I recommend to teach microscopic characteristics in high school. The presented practical exercises were verified at the lower secondary school in Vinařice by pupils of the 6th class. The practical exercises proved to be suitable for pupils in lower secondary school. Securing...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Consultant: doc. RNDr. Milan Dittrich, CSc. Student: Josef Mašek Title of Thesis: Particulate medicated systems This diploma thesis was focused on experimetal study of influence of technological parameters on the characteristics of nanoparticles made of terpolymer of aliphatic hydroxy acids with tripentaerythritol. In the theoretical part of this thesis nanoparticles as a system for targeted drug distribution were described. Methods of preparation of these nanoparticles, microencapsulation techniques, targeting, basic parameters of the nanoparticles, their size and zeta potential were mentioned in the theoretical part. The experiments were focused on influence of formulation factors, as detergent, concentration of the drug and polymer device on polydispersity of the nanoparticles, their zeta potential and encapsulation effectivity. The influence of detergent formulation on formation and parameters of the nanoparticles was proved. Methylsulfonylmethan was proved for the next experimental procedure as a suitable non-toxic solvent in compositions of biodegradable polymers.

Title: Raman microspectroscopy of living cells and biological tissues Author: Šárka Moudříková Department / Institute: Institute of Physics of Charles University Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: doc. RNDr. Peter Mojzeš, CSc., Institute of Physics of Charles University Abstract: Raman microscopy combines Raman spectroscopy with optical confocal microscopy and thus provides information on chemical composition of a sample with a µm3 resolution. In this thesis, Raman microscopy has been used to study microalgae-unicellular photosynthetic organisms that are greatly relevant for the Earth's environment as well as for biotechnological applications. Raman microscopy of photosynthetic organisms struggles with a highly intensive background of the spectra, which is formed by fluorescence of cellular photosynthetic apparatus. In this thesis, we have developed a fast and reliable photobleaching method that suppresses the unwanted background; this method has enabled us to study intracellular distribution of algal biomolecules such as proteins, starch, lipids and polyphosphate. We have investigated an evolution of these structures during a cell cycle of a model microalga Desmodesmus quadricauda. Next, we have developed a method for quantitative analysis of polyphosphate in a cellular culture of a microalga Chlorella...