Bibliography: p. 343-355. / xxiv, 355 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Based on a comprehensive review of past techniques and power combining structures, a class of spatial power combiners compatible with the requirements of millimetre wave operation are identified. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1999?

Thesis (M.S. in Telecommunications Systems Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 1990. / Thesis Advisor(s): Schwendtner, Thomas A. Second Reader: Davidson, K. L. "March 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 25, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Interception probabilities, communication and radio systems, communications networks, spectra, command and control systems, extremely high frequency, naval operations, tactical warfare, low rate, theses, scenarios, line of sight, military applications. Author(s) subject terms: Millimeter wave, EHF, Extremely High Frequency, LPI, Low Probability of Intercept. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-70). Also available print.

Demand for wireless network capacity keeps growing exponentially every year, as a result a 1000-fold increase in data traffic is projected over the next 10 years in the context of 5G wireless networks. Solutions for delivering the 1000-fold increase in capacity fall into three main categories: deploying smaller cells, allocating more spectrum and improving spectral efficiency of wireless systems. Smaller cells at RF frequencies (1-6GHz) are unlikely to deliver the demanded capacity increase. On the other hand, millimeter-wave spectrum (frequencies over 24GHz) offers wider, multi-GHz channel bandwidths, and therefore has gained significant research interest as one of the most promising solutions to address the data traffic demands of 5G. Another disruptive technology is full-duplex which breaks a century-old assumption in wireless communication, by simultaneous transmission and reception on the same frequency channel. In doing so, full-duplex offers many benefits for wireless networks, including an immediate spectral efficiency improvement in the physical layer. Although FD promises great benefits, self-interference from the transmitter to its own receiver poses a fundamental challenge. The self-interference can be more than a billion times stronger than the desired signal and must be suppressed below the receiver noise floor. In recent years, there has been some research efforts on fully-integrated full-duplex RF transceivers, but mm-wave fully-integrated full-duplex systems, are still in their infancy. This dissertation presents novel architectures, antenna and circuit techniques to merge two exciting technologies, mm-wave and full-duplex, which can potentially offer the dual benefits of wide bandwidths and improved spectral efficiency. To this end, two different antenna interfaces, namely a wideband reconfigurable T/R antenna pair with polarization-based antenna cancellation and an mm-wave fully-integrated magnetic-free non-reciprocal circulator, are presented. The polarization-based antenna cancellation is employed in conjunction with the RF and digital cancellation to design a 60GHz full-duplex 45nm SOI CMOS transceiver with nearly 80dB self-interference suppression. The concepts and prototypes presented in this dissertation have also profound implications for emerging applications such as vehicular radars, 5G small-cell base-stations and virtual reality.

Radio frequencies at millimeter wavelengths suffer greatly from rain attenuation. It is therefore essential to study rainfall characteristics for efficient and reliable design of radio networks at frequencies above 10GHz. These characteristics of rain are geographically based, which need to be studied for estimation of rain induced attenuation. The ITU-R, through recommendations P.837 and P.838, have presented global approaches to rain-rate variation and rain-induced attenuation in line-of-sight radio links. Therefore, in this dissertation characteristics of rainfall rate and its applications for South Africa are evaluated. The cumulative distributions of rain intensity for 12 locations in seven regions in South Africa are presented in this dissertation based on five-year rainfall data. The rain rate with an integration time of 60 minutes is converted into an integration time of 1 minute in accordance with ITU-R recommendations. The resulting cumulative rain intensities and relations between them are compared with the global figures presented in ITU-R Recommendation P.837, as well as with the work in other African countries, notably by Moupfuma and Martin. Based on this work, additional rain-climatic zones are proposed alongside the five identified by ITU-R for South Africa. Finally, the study compares the semi-empirical raindrop-size distribution models such as Laws and Parsons, Marshall and Palmer, Joss, Thams and Waldvogel, and Gamma distribution with the estimated South Africa models. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

Rain affects the design of any communication system that relies on the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Above a certain threshold of frequency, the attenuation due to rain becomes one of the most important limits to the performance of terrestrial line-of-sight (LOS) microwave links. Rain attenuation which is the dominant fading mechanism at these frequencies is based on nature which can vary from location-to-Iocation and from year-to year. In this dissertation, the ITU-R global prediction techniques for predicting the cumulative distribution of rain attenuation on terrestrial links are studied using a five-year rain rate data for twelve different geographical locations in the Republic of South Africa. The specific attenuation rR (dB/km) for both horizontal and vertical polarization is determined. The path attenuation (dB) exceeded for 0.01% of the time is estimated using the available existing models for the twelve different geographical locations on a I-minute integration time rain rate at 0.01% exceedance of the time averaged over a period of 5 years. A comparison study is done on these available rain attenuation mode'ls; The ITU-R model, Crane Global model, and the Moupfouma models at different frequencies and propagation path lengths based on the actual I-minute integration time rain rate exceeded at 0.01% of the time averaged over a period of 5 years for each geographical locations. Finally, from the actual signal attenuation measurements recorded in Durban over a period of 1 year at 19.5 GHz and a propagation path length of 6.73 km, a logarithmic attenuation model and power attenuation model is proposed for Durban, South Africa. Recommendation for future work is given in the concluding chapter for future improvement on this study. Radio communication designers will find the results obtain in the report useful. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.

There is need to improve prediction results in rain attenuation in order to achieve reliable wireless communication systems. Existing models require improvements or we need fresh approaches. This dissertation presents a model of rain attenuation prediction for terrestrial and satellite radio links based on a novel approach. This approach postulates that the difference in rain attenuation for various locations is attributed to the dissimilar rain drop sizes and rain cell diameter sizes and that cell sizes derived from local measurements would depict the true nature of rain cells better than the cells derived from long term rain data gathered from different climates. Therefore all other link parameters used in the attenuation equation are presented by the use of mathematical analysis; but the rain cell size is derived from local rain rate measurements. The physical link aspects considered in the mathematical attenuation model are: the Fresnel ellipsoid of the link path, the effect of elevation angle, the rain cell diameter size and the shape of growth of rain rates in the cell. The effect of the elevation angle of the link on the scale of attenuation is accounted for through the proposed coefficient of elevation equation. The coefficient of elevation is considered to modify the size of the rain cell diameter in proportion to the elevation angle of the link and the rain rate growth is taken to be of the truncated-Gaussian form. On the other hand, the rain cell diameter is derived from rain rate measurements as a power law model and substituted in the attenuation expression. The rain cell size model evaluated in this dissertation is based on point rain rate measurement data from the disdrometer located at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The “Synthetic Storm” technique is applied to develop the rain cell diameter distributions and the rain cell diameter model. In addition, the impact of the rain cell diameter size model in site diversity and cellular network-area planning for the region is discussed. To validate the model for terrestrial links, attenuation data collected from Durban, South Africa is used while that for satellite links, attenuation data from 15 links which are located in tropical climatic zones are used. In each case, the new model is tested against some well-known global rain attenuation prediction models including the standard ITU-R models. The performance of the proposed models for the sampled radio links based on error estimations shows that improvements have been achieved and may be regarded as a universal tropical model especially for satellite links. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-106).

Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Laskar, Joy; Committee Member: Chang, Jae Joon; Committee Member: Cressler, John D.; Committee Member: Kornegay, Kevin T.; Committee Member: Lee, Chang-Ho; Committee Member: Tentzeris, Manos M.. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

abstract: Demands in file size and transfer rates for consumer-orientated products have escalated in recent times. This is primarily due to the emergence of high definition video content. Now factor in the consumer desire for convenience, and we find that wireless service is the most desired approach for inter-connectivity. Consumers expect wireless service to emulate wired service with little to virtually no difference in quality of service (QoS). The background section of this document examines the QoS requirements for wireless connectivity of high definition video applications. I then proceed to look at proposed solutions at the physical (PHY) and the media access control (MAC) layers as well as cross-layer schemes. These schemes are subsequently are evaluated in terms of usefulness in a multi-gigabit, 60 GHz wireless multimedia system targeting the average consumer. It is determined that a substantial gap in published literature exists pertinent to this application. Specifically, little or no work has been found that shows how an adaptive PHYMAC cross-layer solution that provides real-time compensation for varying channel conditions might be actually implemented. Further, no work has been found that shows results of such a model. This research proposes, develops and implements in Matlab code an alternate cross-layer solution that will provide acceptable QoS service for multimedia applications. Simulations using actual high definition video sequences are used to test the proposed solution. Results based on the average PSNR metric show that a quasi-adaptive algorithm provides greater than 7 dB of improvement over a non-adaptive approach while a fully-adaptive alogrithm provides over18 dB of improvement. The fully adaptive implementation has been conclusively shown to be superior to non-adaptive techniques and sufficiently superior to even quasi-adaptive algorithms. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Engineering 2011

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering / Balasubramaniam Natarajan / Triggered by the popularity of smart devices, wireless traffic volume and device connectivity have been growing exponentially during recent years. The next generation of wireless networks, i.e., 5G, is a promising solution to satisfy the increasing data demand through combination of key enabling technologies such as deployment of a high density of access points (APs), referred to as ultra-densification, and utilization of a large amount of bandwidth in millimeter wave (mmWave) bands. However, due to unfavorable propagation characteristics, this portion of spectrum has been under-utilized. As a solution, large antenna arrays that coherently direct the beams will help overcome the hostile characteristics of mmWave signals. Building networks of directional antennas has given rise to many challenges in wireless communication design. One of the main challenges is how to incorporate 5G technology into current networks and design uniform structures that bring about higher network performance and quality of service. In addition, the other factor that can be severely impacted is interference behavior. This is basically due to the fact that, narrow beams are highly vulnerable to obstacles in the environment. Motivated by these factors, the present dissertation addresses some key challenges associated with the utilization of mmWave signals. As a first step towards this objective, we first propose a framework of how 5G mmWave access points can be integrated into the current wireless structures and offer higher data rates. The related resource sharing problem has been also proposed and solved, within such a framework. Secondly, to better understand and quantify the interference behavior, we propose interference models for mmWave networks with directional beams for both large scale and finite-sized network dimension. The interference model is based on our proposed blockage model which captures the average number of obstacles that cause a complete link blockage, given a specific signal beamwidth. The main insight from our analysis shows that considering the effect of blockages leads to a different interference profile. Furthermore, we investigate how to model interference considering not only physical layer specifications but also upper layers constraints. In fact, upper network layers, such as medium access control (MAC) protocol controls the number of terminals transmitting simultaneously and how resources are shared among them, which in turn impacts the interference power level. An interesting result from this analysis is that, from the receiving terminal standpoint, even in mmWave networks with directional signals and high attenuation effects, we still need to maintain some sort of sensing where all terminals are not allowed to transmit their packets, simultaneously. The level of such sensing depends on the terminal density. Lastly, we provide a framework to detect the network regime and its relation to various key deployment parameters, leveraging the proposed interference and blockage models. Such regime detection is important from a network management and design perspective. Based on our finding, mmWave networks can exhibit either an interference-limited regime or a noise-limited regime, depending on various factors such as access point density, blockage density, signal beamwidth, etc.