Misdemeanour proceedings as a special type of administrative proceedings Abstract The diploma thesis aims to describe and analyze the infringement procedure in the first instance as a whole and to point out its specifics and peculiarities. It tries to describe the mutual functioning of two basic regulations for misdemeanour proceedings, namely The Act On Liability for Delicts No 250/2016 Sb., and Act No 500/2004 Sb., Rules of Administrative Procedure. The specifics of the proceedings on the offense result from its criminal nature, when the administrative body decides on the guilt and administrative punishment for the committed offense, thus bringing it closer to the classic criminal proceedings. Criminal proceedings within the meaning of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights must also be seen in criminal proceedings. In general, there is a tendency in misdemeanour proceedings to move it closer to the level of criminal proceedings. The first part of the thesis deals with the general concept of administrative proceedings, the scope of the Administrative Procedure Code and the subsidiary relationship of the Administrative Procedure Code and other regulations. The second part defines terms such as administrative criminal law, administrative punishment or misdemeanour law and describes basic...

Text in Afrikaans / Die private persoon het sekere bevoegdhede betreffende die arrestasie en die gebruik van geweld tydens arrestasie van lede van die publiek wat misdade pleeg/gepleeg het. Hierdie bevoegdheid spruit uit sowel die gemenereg as die wettereg. Kragtens die Suid-Afrikaanse Strafproseswet word hierdie bevoegdhede gereel deur aa 42 en 49. Oewerbewoners as eienaars van grand is geregtig op die onverstoorde gebruik en genot van hulle eiendom. Daarteenoor is kanovaarders ook daarop geregtig om op openbare ri vi ere vir wedvaarte te oefen. Di t is egter belangrik om vas te stel of die portage van kano's op die oewer insidenteel is tot die reg om op die rivier te vaar. Ewewig moet bewerkstellig word tussen die botsende belange. Die Waterwet 54 van 1956 behoort gewysig en vereenvoudig te word, aangesien Suid-Afrika nie slegs op die RomeinsHollandse reg kan staatmaak nie - ons waterprobleme staan direk teenoor die van die Nederlande. / The private person has certain powers regarding the arrest and the use of force to effect the arrest of members of the public who have committed/are committing offences. These powers are derived from either common law or statutory law. In terms of the South African Criminal Procedure Act these powers are regulated by ss 42 and 49. Riparian owners are entitled to the undisturbed use and enjoyment of their property. On the other hand, canoeists are also entitled to practise on public rivers. It is important, however, to ascertain whether portage of canoes on the river bank is incidental to the right of canoeing on the river. A balance should be struck between these conflicting interests. The Water Act 54 of 1956 should be amended and simplified, since South Africa cannot rely on Roman Dutch law alone - our water problems are the complete opposite of those in the Netherlands. / Criminal & Procedural Law / LL.M. (Straf- en Strafprosesreg)

Annotation The diploma thesis deals with the description and analysis of tax and administrative management in terms of deadlines. The aim of the thesis is to find a practical basis when applying an inconsistent setting of deadlines in the tax and administrative procedures. It was important to determine whether the concept of deadlines in the legislation is different, how the concept of time is regulated in the legislation and how this issue can actually affect us. The analysis of individual management was based on actual data. I was provided the data related to the tax procedure by a particular tax subject. The data related to the administrative procedure were requested from a specific administrative authority. The practical part of the thesis deals with a detailed analysis of individual management in terms of deadlines. The tax procedure was about determining the preclusion of the deadline for a tax assessment and the identification of the factors which had an impact on the course of this period. In the case of administrative proceeding, the time limits which are necessary for discussion of the minor offense and the administrative offense were analyzed. The thesis contains tables with data for better clarity within individual management.

Text in Afrikaans / Die private persoon het sekere bevoegdhede betreffende die arrestasie en die gebruik van geweld tydens arrestasie van lede van die publiek wat misdade pleeg/gepleeg het. Hierdie bevoegdheid spruit uit sowel die gemenereg as die wettereg. Kragtens die Suid-Afrikaanse Strafproseswet word hierdie bevoegdhede gereel deur aa 42 en 49. Oewerbewoners as eienaars van grand is geregtig op die onverstoorde gebruik en genot van hulle eiendom. Daarteenoor is kanovaarders ook daarop geregtig om op openbare ri vi ere vir wedvaarte te oefen. Di t is egter belangrik om vas te stel of die portage van kano's op die oewer insidenteel is tot die reg om op die rivier te vaar. Ewewig moet bewerkstellig word tussen die botsende belange. Die Waterwet 54 van 1956 behoort gewysig en vereenvoudig te word, aangesien Suid-Afrika nie slegs op die RomeinsHollandse reg kan staatmaak nie - ons waterprobleme staan direk teenoor die van die Nederlande. / The private person has certain powers regarding the arrest and the use of force to effect the arrest of members of the public who have committed/are committing offences. These powers are derived from either common law or statutory law. In terms of the South African Criminal Procedure Act these powers are regulated by ss 42 and 49. Riparian owners are entitled to the undisturbed use and enjoyment of their property. On the other hand, canoeists are also entitled to practise on public rivers. It is important, however, to ascertain whether portage of canoes on the river bank is incidental to the right of canoeing on the river. A balance should be struck between these conflicting interests. The Water Act 54 of 1956 should be amended and simplified, since South Africa cannot rely on Roman Dutch law alone - our water problems are the complete opposite of those in the Netherlands. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M. (Straf- en Strafprosesreg)