In Model-Driven Engineering bidirectional model transformations emerged as an important ingredient to cope with scenarios such as change propagation, synchronization and to keep consistent system views whenever changes occurring on some view have to be propagated over the others. However, bidirectional mappings open a number of intricate issues that have been only partially solved by research. This master thesis identifies a set of features characterizing bidirectional transformations and validates them against two existing approaches. In particular, a benchmark based on the UML2RDBMS transformation and consisting of two different configurations is implemented by means of two different approaches, such as Triple Graph Grammars and the Janus Transformation Language, for understanding bidirectional transformations with respect to the elicited features.

Presented work covers one of the most important areas of OMG’s model driven architecture (MDA) – problems of object model transformations. Based on research of OMG specifications and other sources, author analyzes transformation process, states importance of modeling and metamodeling for designing of UML like modeling languages. Research work describes designed PIM ant PSM metamodels of aggregate systems. Structure and syntax of ATL and MTL model transformation languages was introduced. Author gives a short overview of model editors and graphical representation for these languages, created using EMF framework tools. Transformation languages have been compared. A result of experimental transformations was summarized by their qualitative and quantitative criteria. Advantages of hybrid ATL transformation language versus imperative MTL language were found. Experimental transformations were successfully produced and executed using ATL and MTL model transformation languages.

There has been a recent interest in the model-based development approach in the modeling and simulation community. The Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) of OMG envisions a fully model-based development process where models are created for capturing not only requirements, but also designs and implementations. Domain-specific metamodels and model transformations constitute the cornerstones of this approach. We have developed transformations from the data part of Field Artillery (FA) domain models to High Level Architecture (HLA) Object Model Template (OMT) models, honoring the MDA philosophy. In the MDA terminology, the former corresponds to the CIM (Computation-Independent Model) or, arguably, PIM (Platform-Independent Model), and the latter corresponds to the PSM (Platform-Specific Model), where the platform is HLA. As a case study for the source metamodel, we have developed a metamodel for the data model part of the (observed) fire techniques of the FA domain. All of the entities in the metamodel are derived from the NATO&rsquo / s Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model (C2IEDM) elements.

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are defined as the combination of computational elements with physical components. Systems that require communication, computation, and control are by definition CPSs. The complexity of these systems often grows exponentially as they incorporate more elements into their design. As such, many approaches to designing CPSs revolve around the development of Domain Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs). DSMLs drastically reduce the development time for CPSs by abstracting elements of the development process to a high level. DSMLs can be constrained in such a way that it is impossible to construct structurally invalid models of CPSs. This allows designers to think abstractly and ignore time consuming low level implementation details. However, these methods do not prevent designers from constructing systems that can be invalid in other, more dynamic, ways. That is, structural constraints on a DSML for a CPS do not prevent constraint violations where some analysis must be performed on the system to verify that the constraint has been satisfied. In the state-of-the-art, it is violations on these dynamic constraints that modelers must spend their time designing around. Dynamic constraints can be incorporated into the framework of a DSML by integrating the concepts of automatic feedback control into the DSML with model transformations. The methodology that describes this new approach to Domain Specific Modeling (DSM) is called Dynamic Constraint Feedback (DCF). At a glance: first a DSML is created for a CPS. Next, an interface is developed for two-way interaction between the DSML and external tools. Third, an expert block that can perform analysis on the models is created. The expert block is responsible for determining constraint violations and solutions. Lastly, model transformations are generated based on expert block output and applied to the existing models. This process repeats until a solution is either found or declared to be unreachable.

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Les lignes de produits logiciels ont pour objectif la réutilisation des documents, codes sources, architectures, et plus généralement tout artefact créé durant le développement de logiciels d'un même domaine. Pour cette réutilisation, on utilise aujourd'hui des ``modèles de caractéristiques''. L'approche consiste à décrire dans ce modèle les caractéristiques des artefacts créés et les contraintes permettant de les assembler, puis à sélectionner les caractéristiques représentatives d'un nouveau produit en le générant en tout ou partie. Dans certaines situations, une caractéristique représente un artefact associé à un élément du contexte que le produit doit gérer. Une telle caractéristique, et les contraintes relatives à sa mise en œuvre, peuvent être clonées pour chaque occurrence de l'élément dans le contexte. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous cherchons à déterminer l'impact du contexte d'exécution d'un futur produit sur les caractéristiques d'une ligne de produits logiciels. Nous explorons tout d'abord les différentes manières de représenter un modèle de caractéristiques et le contexte d'un produit. Nous proposons ensuite une méthode générique pour adapter un modèle de caractéristiques aux éléments d'un contexte. Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le contexte du projet RIDER (Reasearch for ITDriven EneRgy efficiency). Ce projet a pour objectif la réduction des pertes énergétiques subies à cause d'une gestion inappropriée des sources et des besoins énergétiques des bâtiments. La variété des équipements et les spécificités de chaque bâtiment nécessitent une adaptation au cas par cas des logiciels d'optimisation énergétique. Nous proposons donc d'appliquer à ce projet une approche par lignes de produits logiciels, et plus particulièrement, notre méthode d'adaptation de modèles de caractéristiques au contexte, pour adapter les logiciels d'optimisation énergétique au contexte spécifique de chaque bâtiment. / Software product lines aim at reusing documents, source code, architectures, and, all artefact created during software development achieved in a given domain. Nowadays, we use ``feature models'' to facilitate the reuse of such elements. The approach consists in describing, in this feature model, artefacts and their usage constraints, and then to identify representative features for creating a new product. In some situations, a feature represents an artefact associated to a context element that must be handled by the product. Such a feature, and its related constraints, can be cloned for each occurrence of instances of this element in a given context. In this thesis, we are try to determine the impact of a product execution context on a future product features. We first explore different ways for representing feature models and a product context. Then, we propose a generic method to adapt a feature model to context elements. This thesis has been achieved in the context of the RIDER project (Research for IT Driven EneRgy efficiency). This project aims at reducing energy waste due to an inappropriate management of energy sources and needs. The heterogeneousness of building equipments and each building specificities require to adapt energy optimisation software. We propose to apply a software product line approach to this project. More precisely, we propose to apply to this project our feature model context adaptation methodology, in order to adapt energy optimisation software to each building specific context.

In this paper we introduce a new class library to model transformations of parallel algorithms. SYMPAD serves as a basis to develop automated tools and methods to generate efficient implementations of such algorithms. The paper gives an overview over the general structure, as well as features of the library. We further describe the fundamental design process that is controlled by our developed methods.

L’Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM) est une méthode de développement logicielle ayant pour but d’améliorer la productivité et la qualité logicielle en utilisant les modèles comme artefacts de premiers plans durant le processus développement. Dans cette approche, les modèles sont typiquement utilisés pour représenter des vues abstraites d’un système, manipuler des données, valider des propriétés, et sont finalement transformés en ressources applicatives (code, documentation, tests, etc). Bien que les techniques d’IDM aient montré des résultats positifs lors de leurs intégrations dans des processus industriels, les études montrent que la mise à l’échelle des solutions existantes est un des freins majeurs à l’adoption de l’IDM dans l’industrie. Ces problématiques sont particulièrement importantes dans le cadre d’approches génératives, qui nécessitent des techniques efficaces de stockage, requêtage, et transformation de grands modèles typiquement construits dans un contexte mono-utilisateur. Plusieurs solutions de persistance, requêtage, et transformations basées sur des bases de données relationnelles ou NoSQL ont été proposées pour améliorer le passage à l’échelle, mais ces dernières sont souvent basées sur une seule sérialisation model/base de données, adaptée à une activité de modélisation particulière, mais peu efficace pour d’autres cas d’utilisation. Par exemple, une sérialisation en graphe est optimisée pour calculer des chemins de navigations complexes,mais n’est pas adaptée pour accéder à des valeurs atomiques de manière répétée. De plus, les frameworks de modélisations existants ont été initialement développés pour gérer des activités simples, et leurs APIs n’ont pas évolué pour gérer les modèles de grande taille, limitant les performances des outils actuels. Dans cette thèse nous présentons une nouvelle infrastructure de modélisation ayant pour but de résoudre les problèmes de passage à l’échelle en proposant (i) un framework de persistance permettant de choisir la représentation bas niveau la plus adaptée à un cas d’utilisation, (ii) une solution de requêtage efficace qui délègue les navigations complexes à la base de données stockant le modèle,bénéficiant de ses optimisations bas niveau et améliorant significativement les performances en terme de temps d’exécution et consommation mémoire, et (iii) une approche de transformation de modèles qui calcule directement les transformations au niveau de la base de données. Nos solutions sont construites en utilisant des standards OMG tels que UML et OCL, et sont intégrées dans les solutions de modélisations majeures telles que ATL ou EMF. / The Model Driven Engineering (MDE) paradigm is a softwaredevelopment method that aims to improve productivity and software quality by using models as primary artifacts in all the aspects of software engineering processes. In this approach, models are typically used to represent abstract views of a system, manipulate data, validate properties, and are finally transformed to application artifacts (code, documentation, tests, etc). Among other MDE-based approaches, automatic model generation processes such as Model Driven Reverse Engineering are a family of approaches that rely on existing modeling techniques and languages to automatically create and validate models representing existing artifact. Model extraction tasks are typically performed by a modeler, and produce a set of views that ease the understanding of the system under study. While MDE techniques have shown positive results when integrated in industrial processes, the existing studies also report that scalability of current solutions is one of the key issues that prevent a wider adoption of MDE techniques in the industry. This isparticularly true in the context of generative approaches, that require efficient techniques to store, query, and transform very large models typically built in a single-user context. Several persistence, query, and transformation solutions based on relational and NoSQL databases have been proposed to achieve scalability, but they often rely on a single model-to-database mapping, which suits a specific modeling activity, but may not be optimized for other use cases. For example a graph-based representation is optimized to compute complex navigation paths, but may not be the best solution for repeated atomic accesses. In addition, low-level modeling framework were originally developed to handle simple modeling activities (such as manual model edition), and their APIs have not evolved to handle large models, limiting the benefits of advance storage mechanisms. In this thesis we present a novel modeling infrastructure that aims to tackle scalability issues by providing (i) a new persistence framework that allows to choose the appropriate model-to-database mapping according to a given modeling scenario, (ii) an efficient query approach that delegates complex computation to the underlying database, benefiting of its native optimization and reducing drastically memory consumption and execution time, and (iii) a model transformation solution that directly computes transformations in the database. Our solutions are built on top of OMG standards such as UML and OCL, and are integrated with the de-facto standard modeling solutions such as EMF and ATL.

Domänenspezifische Sprachen (DSLs) sind Software-Sprachen, die speziell für bestimmte Anwendungsdomänen entwickelt wurden. Mithilfe von DSLs können Domänenexperten ihr Domänenwissen auf einem hohen Abstraktionsniveau beschreiben. Wie andere Software-Sprachen auch, benötigen DSLs Sprachwerkzeuge, die Assistenz bei der Erstellung und Verarbeitung von domänenspezifischen Modellen bieten. Eine domänenspezifische Werkbank (DSW) ist ein Software-Werkzeug, welches mehrere solcher Sprachwerkzeuge für eine DSL miteinander integriert. Existierende Werkzeuge, die es erlauben eine DSW aufgrund der Beschreibung einer DSL automatisch generieren zu lassen, unterstützen jedoch nicht die Beschreibung und Generierung von editierbaren Sichten. Eine Sicht ist ein Teil einer DSW, der nur einen bestimmten Aspekt eines Modells darstellt. Diese Dissertation stellt spezielle Modelltransformationssprachen (MTLs) vor, mit denen die Synchronisation von Sichten in einer generierten DSW beschrieben werden kann. Dadurch können DSWs mit editierbaren Sichten mittels existierender Werkzeuge zur Generierung von Sprachwerkzeugen erstellt werden. Dafür wird eine DSW für die Nanophysik-Domäne sowie eine Taxonomie von Synchronisationstypen vorgestellt, welche es erlaubt genau zu bestimmen, welche Art von Modelltransformationen für die Synchronisation von Sichten in dieser Werkbank benötigt werden. Entsprechend dieser Anforderungen werden zwei MTLs entwickelt. Insbesondere wird eine bidirektionale MTL entwickelt. Mit solch einer Sprache kann man eine Relation, welche definiert ob zwei Modelle synchron sind, so beschreiben, dass die entsprechende Synchronisationslogik automatisch abgeleitet werden kann. Die gezeigten MTLs werden als interne DSLs - das heißt eingebettet als ausdrucksstarke Bibliotheken - in der Programmiersprache Scala implementiert. Auf diese Weise kann Scalas Typprüfung genutzt werden, um Transformationen und deren Komposition statisch zu verifizieren. / Domain-specific languages (DSLs) are software languages which are tailored to a specific application domain. DSLs enable domain experts to create domain-specific models, that is, high-level descriptions of domain knowledge. As any other software languages, DSLs rely on language tools which provide assistance for processing and managing domain-specific models. A domain-specific workbench is an integrated set of such tools for a DSL. A recently proposed approach is to automatically generate a domain-specific workbench for a DSL from a description of that DSL. However, existing tools which apply this approach do not support to describe and generate editable domain-specific views. A view is a part of domain-specific workbench that presents only one aspect of a model, for example, its hierarchical structure. This dissertation presents special model transformation languages which support the description of view synchronization in a generated domain-specific workbench. This allows a multi-view domain-specific workbench to be created with existing tools for language tool generation. We present a generated domain-specific workbench for the nanophysics domain and present a taxonomy of synchronization types. This allows us to precisely define what model transformations are required for view synchronization in that workbench. According to these requirements, we develop two transformation languages by adapting existing ones. In particular, we develop a bidirectional transformation language. With such a language one can describe a relation which defines whether two models are in sync and let the synchronization logic be inferred automatically. We implement model transformation languages as internal DSLs - that is, embedded as expressive libraries - in the Scala programming language and use Scala''s type checking for static verification of transformations and their composition.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-08-24T11:52:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pablo.pdf: 5598718 bytes, checksum: cce40776950abfd027f223d50cfca06c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T11:52:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pablo.pdf: 5598718 bytes, checksum: cce40776950abfd027f223d50cfca06c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / CAPES,CNPQ,FAPEMA / The development and use of software based on cloud computing have been highlighted more and more nowadays. Software as a Service (SaaS) has been considered as a trend for small, medium and large companies, subtly acquiring presence in personal computing too. This service popularizing brings with it many challenges concerning to information security handled by their suppliers and the vulnerability of their applications. In this work, we propose a SaaS development framework by combining the Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) with merging techniques of domain-security models and domainapplication model. This approach involves the use of MDE techniques for achieving such adaptation and assist in the software development process. By adopting the MDE approach, it is possible to combine elements of different models, from source models reaching a target model by using weaving techniques. A prototype implements the proposed framework and reuses the Mapping Tool for Model Driven Engineering (MT4MDE) and Semi-Automatic Matching Tool for Model Driven Engineering (SAMT4MDE) in order to demonstrate the used methodology. The results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of combining several security aspects in the development process of SaaS. / O desenvolvimento e a utilização de softwares baseados em computação em nuvem têm conquistado cada vez mais destaque na atualidade. A oferta de SaaS (Software as a Service) se mostra uma tendência não apenas para as grandes empresas, mas também para as pequenas e médias, adquirindo espaço também na computação pessoal de forma transparente. Esta relativa popularização do serviço traz consigo muitos desafios no que se refere à segurança da informação manipulada pelos seus fornecedores e a vulnerabilidade de suas respectivas aplicações. Neste trabalho, propomos um framework de desenvolvimento de SaaS, fazendo uso da Engenharia Dirigida por Modelos (MDE) aliada a técnicas de fusão de modelos do domínio de segurança a modelos do domínio da aplicação. Esta abordagem envolve a utilização de técnicas de MDE para se alcançar tal adaptação e auxiliar na condução do processo de desenvolvimento do software. Através da adoção da abordagem MDE é possível realizar a junção de elementos de modelos diferentes, a partir de modelos fonte alcançando-se um modelo alvo pela utilização de técnicas de weaving. Um protótipo implementa o framework proposto e reutiliza as ferramentas Mapping Tool for Model Driven Engineering (MT4MDE) e Semi-Automatic Matching Tool for Model Driven Engineering (SAMT4MDE) na demonstração da metodologia usada. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade e os benefícios da combinação de vários aspectos de segurança no processo de desenvolvimento de um SaaS.