Th.--Lett.--Strasbourg 2, 1984.

[pt] O teatro musical americano é conhecido internacionalmente devido ao seu poder de entretenimento e grande popularidade. É um gênero híbrido, com raízes europeias, cujos modos de organização se consolidaram no modelo Broadway de exportação ao longo do século XX. O teatro musical brasileiro tem um percurso mais oscilante, alternando momentos de prestígio, à época do teatro de revista, momentos de apelo populista ou didático, caso do teatro musical engajado, e longas entressafras. Desde a década de 1990, o modelo Broadway assalta os palcos brasileiros e, através da apresentação de clássicos do teatro musical americano, educa o gosto da audiência, que se familiariza com as convenções do gênero, como as transições ininterruptas do diálogo para a música e vice-versa. O objetivo desta pesquisa é evidenciar a estrutura do modelo consagrado através de seus elementos constitutivos - book, score - e de sua variedade formal - integrado, conceitual, jukebox - e, desta forma, contribuir para minimizar o desequilíbrio qualitativo dos musicais de autores nacionais face ao modelo Broadway e motivar a criação de libretos que deem continuidade à trajetória do teatro musical brasileiro. / [en] The American musical theater is internationally known due to its entertaining power and its huge popularity. It is a hybrid genre, with European roots, whose organizational methods consolidated into the Broadway-style model for export during the 20th century. The Brazilian musical theater followed a more unsteady path, alternating moments of prestige during the era of the revue, moments of populist or didactic appeal, which is the case of the politically engaged musical, and long off season periods. Since the 1990s, the Broadway model of musical has taken the Brazilian stages by storm, and through showing the classic American musicals, audiences are being educated and familiarized with the conventions of the genre, such as the non-stop transitions between dialog and song and vice-versa. The aim of this research is to highlight the structure of the model that has proven longstanding by the elements that it s made of – book, score – and its variety in form – integrated, conceptual, jukebox – and in this way contribute to minimize the unbalance in quality between the musicals produced by national authors and the Broadway model and to motivate the creation of librettos that will help the Brazilian musical continue on its journey.

As the Second World War in Europe came to an end the Russians advanced from the east towards Berlin. German occupation of Poland and Czechoslovakia had been particularly brutal. Both of these countries, products of German defeat at the end of World War I contained millions of ethnic Germans, who had previously co-existed with their Slav neighbours, often for many centuries, but were now perceived by these neighbours as having encouraged and collaborated with Nazi Germany. Russians, Poles and Czechs now sought revenge triggering the largest forced expulsion in recorded history. Somewhere between 8 and 16.5 million ethnic Germans fled to the west, and between 2 and 3 million perished during flight. Expellee property was subsequently seized by the Poles and Czechs. In broad terms, until the 1990s these events were seen within Germany as part of a submerged collective memory, suppressed in part by their having lost the war. In the last 20 years with an increasingly powerful expellee organisation (the Bund der Vertriebenen, Federation of Expellees) influencing mainstream German politics, academia, and the German media, an attempt has been made to change historical memory, or rewrite what has been referred to as an 'unacceptable past'. This, in recent years has led to claims by former expellees against the Czech Republic, and Poland for restitution. This in itself has led to bitter accusations by these countries that the expellees have rewritten German history portraying themselves as victims of the Second World War. This thesis explores the methods employed by the expellee groups and their supporters in the restructuring of their historical memory by examining literature dating from the 1950s until the present day from primarily German and American sources, as well as German television documentaries from 2000. These sources are considered in relation to how collective and historical memory have evolved into a position that has allowed the expellees to create an 'acceptable past'.