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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Caracterização termo-óptica quantitativa de fibras de poliéster e seus compósitos com polietileno

Bicalho, Luciana Assumpção 08 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-13T18:29:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAB.pdf: 3781531 bytes, checksum: fcc30c9bb1613708fbf75894ef5ad460 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-15T13:38:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAB.pdf: 3781531 bytes, checksum: fcc30c9bb1613708fbf75894ef5ad460 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-15T13:38:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAB.pdf: 3781531 bytes, checksum: fcc30c9bb1613708fbf75894ef5ad460 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T13:38:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAB.pdf: 3781531 bytes, checksum: fcc30c9bb1613708fbf75894ef5ad460 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The work herein aims at investigating the thermo-optical behavior of polyethylene terephthalate and its composites with polyethylene, in real time, by means of an optical module recently developed in our research group. Polyethylene terephthalate was the material of choice because of its various thermal transitions and optical properties. Multilayered films comprising fibers of polyethylene terephthalate sandwiched with polyethylene films were prepared to study the influence of a matrix on the fibers thermo-optical responses. This was investigated by coupling a hot-stage onto a stand-up optical microscopy and placing the optical module into the analyzer slot. The module encompasses adjacent photocells with/without analyzer to read both turbidity (resulting from scattered light) and depolarized light intensity due to crystallites. In order to handling the signal a software was developed in LabView 8.6 platform from National Instruments for data collection, real-time calculation, screen presentation and data saving. In addition, all parameters set on the CSS 450 can be controlled via software. Finally, a digital camera was coupled on the top of the microscope (ocular tube) to allow for both image capturing and video recording. The structural changes arising from the thermal protocol were assessed following the elicited responses present at the depolarized light intensity and turbidity. Both optical phenomena were sensitive to polymer thermal transitions such as glass transition and melting temperature. The photocell with analyzer is able to collect the thermal transitions and the cold crystallization typical of polyethylene terephthalate resin. The introduction of the optical path difference, an alternative way of displaying the optical data as function temperature, makes easier the understanding of molecule mobility, cold crystallization and melting. The narrow relation existent between the optical behavior and that obtained from the differential scanning calorimetry measurements leaded to the validation of the thermo-optical method, which has the advantage to provide additional information on the fiber orientation and stretching. / Utilizou-se um sistema de caracterização qualitativa e quantitativa em tempo real do comportamento termo-óptico de fibras poliméricas de polietileno tereftalato (PET) e seus compósitos com polietileno desenvolvido pelo grupo de pesquisa. Ele permite caracterizar suas principias transições térmicas (Tg, cristalização a frio, Tm e Tc) e particularmente a birrefringência, que é fortemente dependente do nível de orientação molecular e da temperatura. O dispositivo termo-óptico foi acoplado a um microscópio óptico de luz polarizada (MOLP) com estágio a quente (Linkam). Esse consiste em um módulo com dois fotodetectores a ser instalado na fenda usada para a inserção do analisador, sendo assim posicionado no caminho óptico do microscópio. Isto permite quantificar a intensidade de luz transmitida, i.e. turbidez e a intensidade de luz transmitida com polarização cruzada, i.e. diferença de caminho óptico OPD e por conseguinte a birrefringência das fibras e de seus compósitos. Tal metodologia permite a captação simultânea dos sinais ópticos e das imagens das amostras durante o aquecimento, passando pelas suas transições térmicas. Todo o sistema é controlado por um programa computacional, especialmente desenvolvido em plataforma LabView8.6, permitindo a gravação simultânea das imagens e dos sinais ópticos. A turbidez se mostrou sensível para a caracterização das temperaturas de fusão. Através da análise simultânea da intensidade de luz transmitida com polarização cruzada das fibras de PET e sua cor comparada á Carta de Cores de Michel-Lévy permitiu a caraterização quantitativa do nível de estiramento molecular das fibras de PET e sua orientação macroscópica nos compósitos. Como técnica padrão utilizou-se a Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial, que mostrou haver uma boa correlação entre os resultados observados pelas duas técnicas.

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