Cell cultures are grown in special incubators ensuring appropriate culture conditions for cell survival. The introduction of the diploma thesis is dedicated to the cultivation of cells in vitro and description of sensors, especially designated for the sensing of gas concentration. The main essence of this work is a project and realization of the monoclimatic incubation chamber for the incubation of cell cultures with the opportunity to observe them under a confocal microscope. Another part of this work is dealing with the project and application of autonomous sensing system and regulation of gas concentration (O2 and CO2) in the chamber. The nal part of thesis is dedicated to the presentation of the project correctness verication of the incubation chamber.