Monogamy values and the influence of masculine conformity were examined using a sample of 154 gay men within the Greater Toronto Area. Monogamy values were measured on four dimensions: emotional monogamy, sexual monogamy, perceptions of monogamy as relationship-enhancing and perceptions of monogamy as a sacrifice. Gay men generally found monogamy to be enhancing, however, they tended to value emotional monogamy more than sexual monogamy. Gay men with traditionally masculine attitudes valued sexual monogamy less than those who held non-traditional attitudes. Emotional monogamy was not associated with masculine attitudes. This relationship of masculine attitudes and monogamy values was moderated by length of longest relationship experienced, religiosity, as well as current relational status. Results are interpreted through evolutionary, social learning and queer theory perspectives to suggest that monogamy values are a multi-faceted construct. Counsellors would benefit by asking questions regarding monogamy values expecting multiple interpretations as well applications.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T14:34:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMAF.pdf: 2342062 bytes, checksum: 637dd6e01e20d24348a88074555debc0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T18:23:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMAF.pdf: 2342062 bytes, checksum: 637dd6e01e20d24348a88074555debc0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T18:24:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMAF.pdf: 2342062 bytes, checksum: 637dd6e01e20d24348a88074555debc0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T18:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMAF.pdf: 2342062 bytes, checksum: 637dd6e01e20d24348a88074555debc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / In this dissertation it proposes to understand how is discursively constituted the relationship between monogamy and the subjugation of women. For that, it bases the theoretical assumptions developed by the Bakhtin Circle, guiding me in a dialogical perspective of language. In addition, over the analysis it establishes a link between the feminist theories of Simone de Beauvoir (1949/2015), Heleieth Saffioti (1996/2015), Ivone Reimer (2005), among others. Firstly, it analyzes how the official status of monogamy is constituted in the discourses of social institutions, here defined as the Church, the State and the media. In order to think the Christian religious discourse, it analyzes passages from the Holy Bible and the leaders' statements from the Catholic, Evangelical and Pentecostal denominations about marriage and the affective-sexual relationships. Regarding the State, it discusses through the Federal Constitution and two Law Projects how family and marriage are defined. Posteriorly, through discussion of some media products, especially the films Snow White (1938) and Fifty Shades of Grey (2015), it discusses how the media constitute monogamy as the official discourse. In the second chapter, it discusses historical data provided by the work História do amor no Brazil (2005/1015), by Mary Del Priore, and documents produced by the feminist movement of the second wave, to understand how the discursive changes in the official models of affective-sexual relationships changes the women's lives. In the third and last chapter, it discusses how is constituted the relationship among affective-sexual relationships models and the domination of women using three texts of self-described feminist blogs. After discussing the texts, it concludes that monogamy is constituted as a way of subjugating women because it has incorporated male domination into the core of it's official discourse. Therefore, the relationship between the discursive constitution of the official status of affective-sexual relationship models and female subjugation is related to the discourse of male domination, not the monogamy itself. / Neste trabalho propõe-se a compreensão de como se constitui discursivamente a relação entre monogamia e a subjugação das mulheres. Para tanto, parte-se dos pressupostos teóricos desenvolvidos pelo Círculo de Bakhtin, pautando-se em uma perspectiva dialógica da linguagem. Além disso, ao longo das análises estabelece-se diálogo com as teorias feministas de Simone de Beauvoir (1949/2015), Heleieth Saffioti (1996/2015), Ivone Reimer (2005), dentre outras. Em um primeiro momento, analisa-se como se constitui a oficialidade da monogamia nos discursos das aqui definidas instituições sociais, eleitas neste trabalho como a Igreja, o Estado e a Mídia. Para pensar o discurso religioso cristão, analisam-se trechos da Bíblia Sagrada e declarações dos líderes das denominações católica, evangélica e pentecostal sobre o casamento e as relações afetivo-sexuais. No que se refere ao Estado, discute-se por meio da Constituição Federal e de Projetos de Lei como se definem família e casamento. Posteriormente, por meio da discussão de alguns produtos midiáticos, com destaque para os filmes A Branca de Neve (1938) e Cinquenta tons de cinza (2015), analisa-se como a mídia vai constituindo a monogamia como discurso oficial. No segundo capítulo, discutem-se dados históricos fornecidos pela obra História do amor no Brasil (2005/1015) de Mary Del Priore, e documentos produzidos pelo movimento feminista da segunda onda, a fim de compreender como as alterações discursivas nos modelos oficiais de relações afetivosexuais alteram a vida das mulheres. No terceiro e último capítulo, analisa-se como se constitui a relação entre modelos de relacionamento afeito-sexuais e a dominação das mulheres em três textos de blogs auto denominados feministas. Após a discussão dos textos, conclui-se que a monogamia se constitui como meio de subjugação feminina ao ser incorporada ao discurso oficial, pois este tem como uma de suas bases o discurso de dominação masculina. Dessa forma, a relação entre a constituição discursiva da oficialidade de modelos de relacionamento afetivo-sexuais e a subjugação feminina está relacionada ao discurso da dominação masculina, e não à monogamia em si.

Apesar de a monogamia social ser dominante entre as aves, análises genéticas revelaram relações de parentesco inesperadas, evidenciando diferentes estratégias de reprodução, como a paternidade extra-par e o parasitismo de ninho. Espécies de passeriformes estão entre as mais promíscuas, com altas taxas de paternidade extra-par, enquanto em aves marinhas esse comportamento demonstrou ser menos frequente. Pinguins (Família Spheniscidae) compõem um grupo de 18 espécies de aves marinhas pelágicas e que tem em comum a filopatria, fidelidade a um parceiro e intenso cuidado biparental. Portanto, espera-se que apresentem um comportamento estritamente monogâmico e taxas de paternidade extra-par insignificantes. Avaliamos pela primeira vez o sistema reprodutivo dos Pinguins-de-Magalhães através de uma abordagem genética, buscando investigar a existência e frequência de paternidade extra-par e parasitismo de ninho. O parentesco de 88 filhotes de 44 ninhos de uma colônia na Ilha Quiroga (Argentina) foi determinado com base em análises de 9 marcadores microssatélites. Encontramos baixas taxas de parasitismo de ninho (6%), mas altas taxas de paternidade extra-par (31% e 48% dos ninhos com pelo menos 1 filhote extra-par). Entre os dois anos coletados, encontramos uma pequena diferença na incidência de infidelidade (29% em 2010; 32% em 2011), mas não houve relação com as condições climáticas do período de reprodução da espécie. Além disso, apesar da alta taxa de filhotes extra-par, não encontramos diferença significativa na diversidade genética e nem viés da razão sexual secundária. Acreditamos que a alta taxa de paternidade extra-par encontrada possa ter relação com o comportamento reprodutivo em colônia, a densidade populacional, o sincronismo reprodutivo, ou que parte da paternidade que não correspondeu aos pais sociais seja resultado de troca de parceiros antes da definição final dos casais em cada estação reprodutiva. Nosso estudo pode ajudar a melhor entender e caracterizar o sistema reprodutivo dos Pinguins-de-Magalhães e indica que a espécie é socialmente, mas não geneticamente monogâmica. / Despite the social monogamy being dominant among birds, genetic analysis revealed unexpected kinship relations, showing different reproductive strategies, such as extra-pair paternity and brood parasitism. Passerine species are among the most promiscuous, with high extra-pair paternity rates, while in seabirds this behavior is typically rather less frequent. Penguins (Spheniscidae Family) are a group of 18 species of pelagic seabirds that have in common philopatric behavior, faithfulness to one partner and intense biparental care. Therefore, they are expected to have a strictly monogamous behavior and insignificant rates of extra-pair paternity. For the first time, we evaluated the reproductive system of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) through genetic analysis in order to investigate the existence and frequency of extra-pair paternity and brood parasitism. The kinship of 88 offspring of 44 nests from a colony on Quiroga Island (Argentina) was determined based on the analyses of 9 microsatellite markers. We found low rates of brood parasitism (6%), but high extra-pair paternity rates (31% and 48% of nests with at least one extra-pair offspring). Between the two years sampled, we found a small difference in the incidence of infidelity (29% in 2010; 32% in 2011), but no connection with the climatic conditions of each breeding season. In addition, despite the high rate of extra-pair offspring, we found no significant difference in the genetic diversity and no bias in the secondary sex ratio. We believe that the high rate of extra-pair paternity found in our study may be a result of their reproductive behavior of nesting in colonies, breeding synchrony, density, or that part of the mismatching paternity is due mate switching. Our study may help to better understand and characterize the reproductive system of Magellanic penguins and indicates that this species is socially but not sexually monogamous.

My research explores what laws, such as laws surrounding immigration, child custody, and divorce, negatively affect polyamorous individuals in the U.S. and how people's perceptions of barriers differ along lines of gender-sexual-racial-class identities. My applied research is conducted for my client, a CNM-friendly attorney in D.C. I investigate the experience of polyamorous people that use lawyers they perceive as consensually non-monogamous (CNM)-friendly. I probe what it means to be "CNM-friendly," how one promotes oneself as a CNM-friendly lawyer to potential clients and the world at large, and the relationship between being a CNM-friendly lawyer and activism.

No description available.

In the present work we evaluated the degree of sexual dimorphism in two cell groups of the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (MPOA-AH) in monogamous and polygamous voles. Quantitative determinations were made of volume, cell number, and cell density for the anteroventral-periventriular nucleus (AVPV) and the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA). Polygamous montane voles (Microtus montanus) had a greater degree of sexual dimorphism in both cell groups than did monogamous prairie voles (M. ochrogaster). Most notable was the complete absence of the AVPV in male montane voles; male montane voles also had a significantly larger SDN-POA volume than did females. The only sexual dimorphism in prairie voles was a greater cell density in the female AVPV. In addition, prairie voles had larger relative brain size than did montane voles. Comparative behavioral studies have revealed a correlation between the degree of sexual dimorphism in external morphology and mating system, i.e., polygamous species display greater levels of dimorphism than do monogamous species. The present results indicate that the effects of sexual selection can also be seen in those brain regions, like the hypothalamus, that underlie social and reproductive behavior. Moreover, these results support the hypothesis that neuroanatomic dimorphisms in the MPOA-AH may be related to sex differences in behavior.

No description available.

No description available.

<p>Poly, to live in several loving and intimate relationships at the same time, is one alternative to the mono norm. In Sweden polygamy is illegal yet in recent years poly has slowly started to enter the hetero normative political agenda and raise debate in the media. But what does poly mean, and how do those who identify with this type of relationship describe it in contrast to mono? The theoretical framework is based on a structural viewpoint of the changes in the organisation of the family and the growing de-traditionalism of society. Amongst other I use a Foucauldian perspective to explain the structural shift (yet not replacement) between an Alliance pattern and a Sexuality pattern. Other theories in use are that of the emerging ideal of The Pure Relationship and Queer Tendencies. The essay draws its empirical results from seven e-mail and/or face interviews with individuals who identify with poly. The results show that if poly and mono are both understood as expression of the pure relationship they are potentially not so different. Yet the stigma and the lack of role models show that there is much needed public debate about it to unleash it from old discourses that still seem to uphold the equation that love equals two partners. Drawing attention to queer mechanism and the initiated process of the decentralisation of the heterosexual norm, I speculate that in the future polygamy must not be a foreign concept in Swedish society.</p>

Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, including HIV/AIDS, continue to be a major burden in the United States. Sexual partnering behaviors contribute to the spread of STDs. Sexual concurrency has been shown to exponentially increase STD prevalence in populations. Serial monogamy with short periods between sexual partners also introduces risk. Methods: We identified sexually active men and women from the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and used sub sets for each particular study. Sexual partnering was defined as being concurrent, serially monogamous or monogamous in the previous year. Polytomous logistic regression models were developed to evaluate the associations between age of sexual debut among adult men, age of menarche and discordant heterosexual identity and behavior among all women and sexual partnering patterns. Descriptive, mediation, subpopulation and stratified analyses were also conducted. Results: Sexual debut < 15 and 15-17 years was associated with concurrency (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)<15: 2.19; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.36-3.55; aOR 15-17: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.04-2.75). This association was mediated by lifetime number of partners (further adjusted for lifetime partners: OR<15: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.74-2.22; OR15-17: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.67-1.92). Age of menarche was not associated with subsequent concurrent sexual partnering (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)early: 1.09; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.57-2.09; aORaverage: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.64-1.99) or serial monogamy (aORearly: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.41-1.38; aORaverage: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.39-1.29). A subanalysis among currently unmarried women did not alter this relationship. Heterosexually discordant women who had both male and female partners in the previous year were 5.5 times as likely to report having a concurrent relationship (95% CI: 2.77-11.09) and 2.43 times as likely to report engaging in serially monogamous relationships (95% CI: 1.19-4.97) with their male partners than concordant women. Conclusions: Sexual partnering behaviors are potentially modifiable and reducing risky partnerships will contribute to a decrease in STD acquisition and transmission. Our findings have important implications. Clinically, they support the provision of comprehensive services, regardless of sexual identity. For policy, they confirm the need for early, inclusive and thorough sexual and reproductive health programming for our youth, in particular focusing on the benefits of lifetime partner reduction.