This diploma thesis deals with the sustainability and stability of anarchy in the long run. Theories of Robert Nozick, Tyler Cowen and Randall G. Holcombe, which point to inevitable emergence of the state from the state of nature, are evaluated and compared with empirical observations of stateless societies. Proposals for the potential avoidance of state emergence despite the possible tendency of anarchy toward monopolization in the form of vertically integrated proprietary communities, remedial state and ideology are also introduced and analyzed. As result, the diploma thesis challenges the theories describing the inevitable emergence of the state and the first two proposals, which were designed to solve this problem. The role of ideology is highlighted in the conclusion as a crucial factor in achieving and maintaining anarchy in the long run.

The purpose of the present thesis is to analyse the relationship between competition law and economics on the example of the USA and the EU. In the first chapter is mentioned the context that led to the issuance of antitrust laws in the USA, the EU and other countries, as well as the most significant economic theories which had a major influence on the application of competition law. This is followed by the description of the institutional framework of competition law in the USA and the EU, their respective primary sources of law, including non-legislative documents. The second chapter analyses the most significant anticompetitive conducts for both antitrust areas (i.e. anticompetitive agreements and unilateral conducts), with a special attention to the most harmful anticompetitive conducts (e.g. horizontal price fixing) and to relatively new and dynamically developing areas of antitrust law (e.g. refusal to deal related to intellectual property). Each selected conduct is introduced by the description of potential anticompetitive effects of the conduct and it is followed by relevant significant American and European precedents. The last sub-chapters analyse non-legislative documents issued by the FTC, DoJ and EC which enable to educe their current general approach to mergers.

The aim of the dissertation is to understand the formation and development of the market for construction materials (cement, lime and bricks) in Cisleithania and Czechoslovakia. Emphasis is placed on market trends (changes in consumer habits, new technologies), market monopolisation, state interventionism and institutional changes in business activities (capital inputs of the banking sector and the spread of capital companies). The dissertation contentrates on the basic market conditions and market structure, as well as the strategies of the market players. The market performance (the impacts of the construction materials industry on the Cisleithanian and Czechoslovak economies) is also included. The research is limited by the period of the so-called Great Depression (construction materials began to be produced on the industrial basis) and the turn of 1938/1939, marking the instrumentalization of the Czech lands in favor of the German economy. The dissertation is based on methods of industrial economics (Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm), economics, economic geography and traditional methodology of economic history (especially business history, hermeneutic and statistical method).