The relationship of musicmaking to the city is a complicated one as it often takes very specific and complex spatial and social forms. The example of Montreal can be used to illustrate some of the ways in which these forms manifest themselves. By considering the way in which two particular cultural spaces, namely scene and bohemia, emerge in relation to musical activity, this project analyzes the nature of musicmaking and its role in shaping a unique experience of the city. It frames a case study of Montreal musicmaking to explore the ways in which scenes and bohemias are connected to city life. It also considers the way in which a particular image of the city manifests itself through musicmaking. The collective representation of Montreal as a bohemia by anglophone musicmakers works with and through a number of social divisions and cultural distinctions. It is argued that the nature of place-images and mythology in musicmaking is such that they have a profound effect on the sociomusical experience of the city. Montreal is privileged by many anglophone musicmakers as an ideal city in which to be culturally active, as the city's weak economic state is perceived to foster the conditions best suited to a flourishing bohemia. This project examines the relationship of musicmakers to Montreal, using a variety of research methods and theories. Cognitive mapping, diaristic accounts and interviews are utilized to better apprehend how a chosen image of Montreal affects musical practice. The socioeconomic history of Montreal in the latter half of the twentieth century is used to frame an analysis of the emergence of an independent music scene in the city. By exploring a number of relevant factors, this project documents the ways in which musicmaking is structured in relation to the economic, political and social dimensions of Montreal.

The single-parent family is an established household form in North American and Western European societies, yet today's homes are often built and marketed for the two-earner household. Inadequate and unaffordable housing is a source of daily stress in the lives of single parents. This thesis investigates the problems and concerns of the female single parents described in the literature, and reviews selected examples of single-parent housing projects developed in North America and Europe. A comparison is made with a particular group of female single parents living in the Point St. Charles neighborhood of Montreal. / A review of the difficulties faced by this group is provided, particularly their housing concerns and the types of housing available to them. A brief historical overview of Point St. Charles is given so that the reader may better understand the group of female single parents surveyed. / An analysis of the survey results reveals that although many of the problems and concerns of single parents described in the literature are similar to those identified in the present survey, few generalizations can be made about their housing problems.

This dissertation examines the images and reality of fatherhood, between 1870 and 1914, using a case study of Montreal's middle class, and specifically the English speaking, Protestant community. An examination of reform literature, custody decisions, and fiction suggest that providing for his family's material needs was a father's first duty. Fatherhood was also invested with authority and power. Yet, the sentimental family ideal entrusted the mother with the emotional elements of child-rearing. Many fathers appear to have created nurturing relationships with their children, despite the emotionally restrictive social images, and society's emphasis on the importance of motherhood.

No description available.

This paper raises questions about the accessibility of the Articles 14 & 15 submissions mechanism, a public complaint process that attempts to use the eyes of ordinary persons in Canada, Mexico and the US to monitor an important environmental treaty obligation: NAFTA signatories' commitment to effectively enforce their environmental laws. In order to consider whether the Articles 14 & 15 review tool is accessible, we assemble a set of indicators that nourish four hypotheses, which may reveal if the review tool is sufficiently well installed to attain its long term objectives in a significant measure. The hypotheses are: 1) that the CEC receives an insufficient amount of submissions; 2) that it takes considerable or random times to process them; 3) that it consistently takes longer, or has more troubles, to process Mexican and disadvantaged-group cases; 4) that few complainants harvest any benefits from complaining, being more likely that they do if they are rich environmental NGOs than if they are ordinary individuals. The information we present is based on primary research and statistical information on the processing of NAAEC Articles 14 and 15 submissions. Our chief objective is not to conclusively prove or disprove these hypotheses, but to provide a framework to respond these questions. By consistently focusing their efforts on evaluating the attainment of the ultimate objectives of this review tool, all authors who have critiqued the Articles 14 & 15 submissions process have failed to consider whether the complaint mechanism is effectively positioned to capture environmental law enforcement information from all of its target population. Instead, this paper explores the implementation of Articles 14 & 15 by generating information on the attainment of its midcourse objectives. This paper may be of interest to persons working on issues concerning the implementation and further elaboration of NAAEC Articles 14 and 15 and to those pondering whether and how the proposed FTAA and the Canada-Chile Free Trade Accord should be structured to deal with the environmental consequences of further economic integration.

The Golden Square Mile is well known as the historic domain of Montreal's anglophone elite. Its idyllic setting on the mountainside, overlooking the city and the St Lawrence River, was a natural magnet for wealthy nineteenth-century families, just as it had been in the days of fur traders such as James McGill. As an urban environment, however, the Golden Square Mile was far more complicated than the sum of its mansions. Despite a long history of habitation by gentlemen farmers, the "GSM" took shape only as of mid-century, accompanying the rise of capitalist institutions and the middle classes. Furthermore, it was the result of a considerable amount of planning and salesmanship, which made fortunes for some landowners and speculators even before the first mansions appeared. The anglophone, Protestant character of the area also had to be encouraged, reflecting a growing cultural dichotomy within Montreal society. This thesis considers the Golden Square Mile within the context of urban history: it is a study of town planning, land ownership, architecture, and social geography. It also considers the built environment as a venue for broader social and cultural change.

This thesis examines the professional musical stage of Montreal in the decade following the First World War. Throughout the 1920s, almost all of the city's musical theatre attractions were foreign in origin, and were staged by American, French, and British roadshow companies, arriving mainly from New York City. Analysis of Montreal's musical theatre entertainment and satellite relationship with Broadway highlights the growing cultural influence of the United States upon Quebec society in the interwar period. As a northern outpost of Broadway, Montreal was directly affected by the profound transformation of the entertainment industry of the United States. After peaking in the second half of the decade, the musical stage of Montreal was gradually supplanted by the decline of the roadshow system, the advent of the sound film, the onset of the Great Depression, and the resurgence of local stock theatre companies. / The northern extension of Broadway into Montreal heightened divisions within Montreal society between a growing middle class of businessmen, managers, and other professionals who embraced modernity and cultural change, and more conservative forces who favoured the traditional Quebec based on religious and nationalist values. While the musical attractions sent northwards from Broadway were a popular divertissement for a large proportion of Montrealers from all social classes and linguistic backgrounds, they were abhorred by the province's clerical and nationalist elites and their supporters who regarded them as a threat to the survival of traditional French Canadian values and culture.

No description available.

During the language debates of the 1960s, Montreal's Italian community found itself in the middle of a conflict between Anglophones and Francophones. Forced to chose, the Italian community aligned itself with Anglophones. / The portrait which has been cast by numerous authors evokes the image of an Italian immigrant used as a pawn in a fight which generally was not his and which he could not understand. / An examination of the Italian press gives us a different image. St. Leonard represented more than a fight over the language issue. It was as much a dispute over the status of ethnic minorities in Quebec as it was over the language question. This study examines the immigrant's "Italianita" and how it helped shape his response to the ethnic tensions in St. Leonard.

La montée de l'économie sociale au Québec depuis les années 1990 a fortement interpelé les mouvements sociaux. Bien qu'il ait contribué au développement de l'économie sociale, le mouvement communautaire a pour sa part insisté pour que l'action communautaire soit différenciée de l'économie sociale dans les politiques gouvernementales. Cette demande était motivée principalement par deux raisons : premièrement, le mouvement craignait que son association à l'économie sociale l'oblige à générer des revenus autonomes, ce qui aurait facilité le désengagement de l'État à son endroit; deuxièmement, le terme « économie » était plutôt incompatible avec son identité. Or, l'engouement pour l'économie sociale a marqué l'imaginaire des milieux communautaires et a, dans certains cas, influencé les pratiques des groupes sur le terrain. Des organismes communautaires ont eux-mêmes mis sur pied des projets d'économie sociale pour tenter de développer de nouveaux services de proximité. La littérature indique effectivement que certains organismes ont adopté une démarche plus entrepreneuriale au cours de la période qui coïncide avec l'essor de l'économie sociale (Dumais, Camus et Tremblay, 2011; Rochefort, 2004; Caillouette, 2002). Mais comment un organisme, qui n'avait pas à l'origine d'activités marchandes, peut-il négocier un virage économique? Ce mémoire aborde de front cette question. À l'aide d'un cadre théorique s'inspirant de la sociologie des organismes communautaires et de la sociologie des mouvements sociaux, nous analysons la transformation d'un organisme communautaire sous l'effet de sa démarche entrepreneuriale. La transformation est traitée selon trois dimensions : la dimension institutionnelle, la dimension organisationnelle et la dimension identitaire. Le cas sélectionné est une table de concertation à Montréal qui a démarré un marché de fruits et légumes. L'analyse s'appuie principalement sur deux corpus : 11 entretiens individuels semi-dirigés réalisés avec les acteurs directement impliqués dans l'initiative du marché et une cinquantaine de documents internes de la table de concertation. Une séance d'observation participante a également été menée durant la tenue du marché. Les résultats montrent que la démarche entrepreneuriale crée des tensions importantes au sein de l'organisme. Cinq tensions ressortent davantage : 1) la difficulté à intégrer les usagers du marché dans les structures politiques, 2) le manque de compétences économiques, 3) la nouvelle dépendance aux ressources marchandes, 4) le malaise face à la tarification, et 5) la réticence à diversifier la clientèle du marché pour rentabiliser l'initiative. Ces éléments nous amènent à comparer le modèle organisationnel de l'organisme communautaire avec celui de l'entreprise d'économie sociale afin de voir ce qui les distingue. Finalement, nous tâchons d'identifier les limites de l'économie sociale, dans l'idée de jeter un regard critique, mais nuancé, sur ce phénomène. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : mouvement communautaire, organisme communautaire, économie sociale, démarche entrepreneuriale, sécurité alimentaire.