MPH / Department of Public of Health / The occupational health and safety of coal mine workers is one of the major occupational challenges in the mining industry. Coal mine workers face the looming perils of potential falls of volatile rocks, the ergonomic challenges caused by bending and lifting heavy objects in their daily work, the challenges caused by inhaling coal mine dust which can cause coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and a plethora of other hazards in both underground and open cast mines on a daily basis. The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of coal mineworkers pertaining to occupational health and safety at the Leeuwpan mine in Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The study adopted a quantitative, cross sectional descriptive design. Self-reported questionnaires with closed-ended questions were administered to the eligible participants. The study targeted the 3200 coal mineworkers who were employed at the Leeuwpan mine in Lephalale. A sample of 356 mineworkers was used as derived from Slovin’s formula and data was collected over a period of 5 days at the Leeuwpan mine. Measures to ensure validity and reliability were ensured and ethical considerations were observed. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used to analyse the data. Results and recommendations are based on the findings of the study. / NRF

Text in English / Teenage pregnancy remains a major social, economic and health challenge in South Africa. The consequences of unplanned teenage pregnancies are devastating. The current study explored the impact of teenage pregnancy on disadvantaged adolescents in Mpumalanga. Fourteen adolescent girls were selected, using the purposive sampling technique. The objectives were to explore the experiences of adolescence, as well as their knowledge of various methods of preventing teenage pregnancy, and how they cope with the pregnancy. The study further explored programmes that are available to assist with teenage pregnancies in the community. Data was collected using in-depth one on one interviews to allow the researcher a platform to ask open-response questions. The data was thematically analysed by carefully categorising and expanding significant themes that emerged from the participant’s responses. The study revealed that lack of knowledge about sex and contraceptives, unhealthy coping strategies, lack of support from parents and peer pressure are all effects of teenage pregnancy and the reasons for participating in unprotected sexual activities. Recommendations for overcoming these challenges were provided to the community, schools and government organisations as guidelines in the establishment of youth programmes. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Despite the availability of numerous models for knowledge translation into practice and policy, research uptake remains low in resource-limited countries. This study was aimed at developing a model to facilitate research uptake in healthcare practice and policy development. The study used a two-phase exploratory sequential approach (QUAL→QUAN). Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with a total of 21 participants, categorised as researchers (6), frontline workers/practitioners (7), programme/policy managers (4), and directors/senior managers (4) from government, private sector and academic institutions of higher learning (universities and colleges). Quantitative data were collected through an online cross-sectional survey, administered to 212 respondents who conducted research studies in the Mpumalanga Province between 2014 to 2019. The most significant findings seem to be lack of awareness of research findings and champions to lead engagements among research stakeholders on research uptake. In addition, the research has established a failure by researchers to align public health research projects to existing local contexts and available resources. Conversely, there is a growing propensity of using informal research without consideration of data quality issues. It was further observed that establishing and sustaining beneficial collaboration between all research stakeholders is required to promote effective research uptake for practice and policy development. The survey results established a total of 13 components: four individual factors (support, experience, motivation & time factor); four organisational factors (research agenda, funding, resources & partnerships), and five research characteristics factors (gatekeeping, local research committees, accessibility of evidence, quality of evidence & critical appraisal skills). However, the Spearman’s correlation coefficient revealed that of the 13 factors, only six factors had a significant positive correlation with research uptake, namely: support, experience, motivation, time factor, resources, and critical appraisal skills. Consequently, a model for institutionalising research uptake is proposed. The roles of local research committees have been clarified, and a logical framework has been incorporated with pathways and channels of engagements to enable successful implementation of the research uptake model. / Health Studies / Ph. D. (Public Health)

Text in English with abstracts and keywords in English, Afrikaans, Sepedi and Sesotho / Soil and other geological materials found on the crust of the Earth are known to be rich in naturally occurring silicate minerals. Asbestos is one of the fibrous silicate minerals that was mined predominantly in some regions of Limpopo, Mpumalanga and Northern Cape provinces in South Africa. Despite the cessation of asbestos mining due to associated human health effects in 2002, there is still a concern about possible environmental exposure to asbestos fibres. A single asbestos fibre is made of millions of microscopic needle-like fibrils which break easily to produce inhalable size fractions that are reported to cause lung diseases. The main source of asbestos fibres in former mining areas is asbestos mine dumps and asbestos contaminated surface soil. Asbestos mine dumps in Limpopo Province are partially rehabilitated, while in Mpumalanga Province they are not rehabilitated and all these dumps are now under the care of government because the original owners have abandoned them. The settleable dust is the first indicator of airborne dust pollution and the rate of settleable dust rates was used to select the sites to be monitored. A pilot study was conducted to test the performance of the ASTMD1739:1998 and ASTM D 1739:1970 methods. The method was further modified and optimized to measure asbestos load in settleable dust samples. A total ten sites located around vulnerable human settlements that are in close proximity to the abandoned asbestos mine dumps were chosen in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces respectively. Airborne, surface and trapped dust samples were collected once a month around human settlements that are in close proximity to the abandoned asbestos mine dumps from April 2016 to June 2017. Airborne dust samples were collected using the official settleable dust monitoring method, the general particulate matter E-sampler and the official asbestos Air-Con 2 sampler. Surface dust was collected outdoors around the settleable dust collection units using a brush and dust pan and was stored in labeled zipper bags made of plastic material. Trapped dust samples were collected using sticky tape both indoors and outdoors around the window panes, on surfaces of furniture and on windscreens of old cars and were stored in labeled closed containers. Surface soil samples were also screened with the hand held asbestos analyser before collection. The samples were extensively and carefully prepared and handled to avoid or minimize cross contamination using standard laboratory methods and were analysed using calibrated analytical instruments. An adapted method (ASTMD 1739:1970) was used to determine the presence of asbestos hazard in a form of mineral count. This method was also used for the identification of asbestos and other minerals in different dust samples using the XRD technique. Physical features of all minerals such as the shape, size and type were also determined as part of the characterization process using the SEM-EDS technique. The ASTMD1739:1998 method gave rise to higher retention of settleable dust, hence it was found to be more efficient. Unfortunately, this best performing method is not legislated or regulated by the government. This researcher concludes that the reasons could be due to the different shapes of the windshield designs (which means the different designs of windshields) at may make it difficult to standardize and control. However, this information gap provides an opportunity of a longer focused study of this method with the intention of finding a standardized windshield design that could be recommended for use in the country. Secondly, the units that had both water and algaecide gave rise to higher settleable Mpumalanga. Three exceedances of 600 mg/m2/day of residential limit regulated through National Dust Control Regulation no.28 of 2013 presented in decreasing order in Limpopo were 2724 mg/m2/day at Site E, 1638 mg/m2/day at Site D and 834 mg/m2/day at Site B in the same month of March 2017 . The XRF data of metal oxides, including these top three [Si(IV)O2, Fe2(III)O3 and Al2(III)O3], confirm the dominance of silicate minerals in surface dust samples from both provinces. The XRD mineralogy data from filtered settleable dust show the dominance of the amphibole asbestos particulates ranging from 18 to 56 % in Limpopo province and 2.0 to 3.0 % in Mpumalanga province. Low presence of serpentine minerals with the highest being 2.0 % and 7.0 % in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces respectively. About 8.0 to 43 % of amphibole asbestos minerals were measured on trapped dust in Limpopo together with zero detection of serpentine. No asbestos minerals were detected on trapped dust from Mpumalanga, despite the close proximity of the unrehabilitated asbestos mine dumps All airborne asbestos fibres that were captured on the filter substrates were a bove the limit value of 100 f/mL of air. The highest airborne asbestos fibre and concentration counts m easured were 40 fibres and 0, 00434 f /mL concentration in October 2017 at Site A. The second highest fibre count concentration was measured in June with 0,00287 f/mL at Site A in September 2017 and 0,01085 f/mL at the Site D in June 2017 monitoring sites. Again, the highest in June 2017 with 0,00125 f/mL for Site A for Limpopo Province. In Mpumalang a the lowest asbestos fibre concentration which are be low the OHSA no. 39 of 1993 and MDHS 39/ 4, 1995 0.1 f/mL and 100 f/mL However, from the safety perspective all asbestos fibres or minerals inhaled are a hazard to human health. The study established that the adapted asbestos mineral count method succeeded in identifying and quantifying the asbestos minerals that existed in the settleable dust samples from the study areas. These outcome s were successfully validated with the test undertaken using both the officially (Air Con 2 sampler) and unofficial (E sampler) recognized method of asbestos fibre count. The adapted mineral count method provides the research community with an alternative, cost effective and user friendly method of analysis. Also, the validation method s gave additional new information. Of a total of 120 of ex- posed filter papers used in the official asbestos fibre Air Con 2 sampler, 28 filters had positive presence of asbestos fibres, making it 23 collection efficiency And of the 100 exposed filt er papers used in for E samplers, only 8% collection efficiency was recorded. The results means that the official asbestos fibre Air Con 2 sampler has 23 more collection efficiency than the general particulate matter E sampler for air- borne asbestos monitoring. The impact of these results could also be that a general particulate matter high volume sampler c ould still be used for asbestos fibre monitoring in the absence of a specific and selective Air Con 2 sampler, as long as the user appreciates abo ut 23 collection deficiency. These findings go a long way in helping to make air quality research domain accessible. Since the ASTM D1739:1998 method has been found to perform better than the officially recognized method, this study recommends that the regulators of air quality in the country consider it. But, the method will first require some improvement and standardization particularly the different wind shield designs before it could be officially accepted as the method of collection and analyses for settleable dust. It is hoped that the air quality research community will take up the challenge. / Grond en ander geologiese materiale wat op die aardkors aangetref word, is bekend dat hulle ryk is in silikaatminerale wat natuurlik voorkom. Asbes is een van die veselagtige silikaatminerale wat hoofsaaklik in sommige streke van die Limpopo, Mpumalanga en Noord-Kaap Provinsies in Suid-Afrika ontgin is. Ondanks die staking van asbesmynbou in 2002 as gevolg van gepaardgaande gesondheidseffekte op mense, is daar steeds kommer oor moontlike blootstelling aan asbesvesels in die omgewing. 'n Enkele asbesvesel bestaan uit miljoene mikroskopiese naaldagtige vesels wat maklik breek om partikels van inasembare grootte te produseer wat volgens berigte longsiektes veroorsaak. Die belangrikste bron van asbesvesels in voormalige myngebiede is asbesmynhope en besmette asbesoppervlakgrond. Asbesmynhope in Limpopo Provinsie word gedeeltelik gerehabiliteer, terwyl hulle in Mpumalanga Provinsie nie gerehabiliteer word nie, en al hierdie mynhope is nou onder die regering se toesig omdat die oorspronklike eienaars die mynhope verlaat het. Die neerslagbare stof is die eerste aanduiding van stofbesoedeling in die lug en is gebruik om die terreine wat gemoniteermoet word, te kies. 'n Loodsstudie is uitgevoer om die prestasie van die ASTMD1739:1998 en ASTMD1739:1970 metodes te toets. In die loop van die studie is 'n amptelike ASTMD1739:1970 metode gebruik en toegepas vir die versameling van neerslagbare stofmonsters. In Mpumalanga en Limpopo Provinsies respektiewelik is daar altesaam tien (10) terreine gekies rondom kwesbare menslike nedersettings wat naby die verlate asbesmynhope geleë is. Stofmonsters in die lug, oppervlak en wat vasgevang is, is een keer per maand versamel vanaf April 2016 tot Junie 2017 rondom menslike nedersettings in die nabyheid van die verlate asbesmynhope. Stofmonsters in die lug is versamel volgens die amptelike neerslagbare stofmoniteringsmetode, die E monsternemer en die Air-Con 2 monsternemer. Oppervlakstof is buite met behulp van 'n kwas en stofpan rondom die neerslagbare stofopvangeenhede opgevang en is in gemerkte ritsakke van plastiekmateriaal geberg. Stofmonsters wat vasgevang is, is met behulp van kleeflint, binne en buite, om vensterruite, op meubeloppervlaktes en op voorruitte van ou motors versamel, en is in gemerkte geslote houers geberg. Oppervlakgrondmonsters is ook voor versameling met die draagbare asbesanaliseerder gefilter. Die monsters is breedvoerig en sorgvuldig voorberei en hanteer om kruisbesmetting tot ‘n minimum te beperk deur gebruik te maak van standard laboratoriummetodes en is ontleed met behulp van gekalibreerde analitiese instrumente. 'n Aangepaste metode is gebruik om die teenwoordigheid van asbesgevaar in 'n vorm van mineraaltelling te bepaal. Hierdie metode is ook gebruik vir die identifisering van asbes en ander minerale in verskillende stofmonsters met behulp van die XRD tegniek. Die fisiese kenmerke van alle minerale soos die vorm, grootte en tipe is ook bepaal as deel van die karakteriseringsproses met behulp van die SEM-EDS tegniek. Die ASTMD1739:1998 metode het gelei tot 'n hoër retensie van neerslagbare stof, en daarom is gevind dat dit doeltreffender is. Ongelukkig word hierdie metode wat die beste presteer nie deur die regering gewettig of gereguleer nie. Hierdie navorser kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die redes kan wees as gevolg van die verskillende vorms van die voorruitontwerpe wat dit moeilik kan maak om dit te standaardiseer en te beheer. Hierdie inligtingsgaping bied egter 'n geleentheid tot 'n langer gefokusde studie van hierdie metode met die doel om 'n gestandaardiseerde voorruitontwerp te vind wat aanbeveel kan word vir gebruik in die land. Tweedens het die eenhede wat beide water en alge-suurwater gehad het, gelei tot 'n hoër neerslagbare stof in Mpumalanga Provinsie. Drie oorskrydings wat in dalende volgorde in Limpopo aangebied is, was 2724 mg/m2/dag op perseel E, 1638 mg/m2/dag op perseel D en 834 mg/m2/dag op perseel B in dieselfde maand van Maart 2017. Die XRF data van metaaloksiede, met inbegrip van hierdie top drie [Si(IV)O2, Fe2(III)O3 en Al2(III)O3], bevestig die oorheersing van silikaatminerale in oppervlakstofmonsters van beide provinsies. Die XRD mineralogiedata van gefiltreerde, neerslagbare stof toon die oorheersing van die amfibool asbesdeeltjies wat wissel tussen 18 en 56 % in Limpopo Provinsie en 2.0 en 3.0 % in Mpumalanga Provinsie. Daar is ‘n lae teenwoordigheid van serpentynminerale met die hoogste onderskeidelik 2.0 % en 7.0 % in die Limpopo en Mpumalanga Provinsies onderskeidelik. Ongeveer 8.0 tot 43 % van die amfibool asbesminerale is op vasgevangde stof in Limpopo gemeet, tesame met geen opsporing van serpentyn. Geen asbesminerale is opgespoor in die vasgevangde stof van Mpumalanga nie, ondanks die nabyheid van die ongerehabiliteerde asbesmynhope. Alle asbesvesels in die lug wat op die filtersubstrate vasgelê is, was bo die grenswaarde van 100 f/mL lug. Die hoogste asbesvesel en konsentrasietellings in die lug gemeet, was 40 vesels en 'n konsentrasie van 2.083 f/mL in Oktober op Terrein A. Die volgende hoogste veseltellingkonsentrasie is in Junie gemeet met 6.590 f/mL op die Terrein A en 5.272 f/mL op die Terrein D moniteringsterreine. In Mpumalanga was die hoogste asbesveselkonsentrasie 2.190 f/mL in Junie en 2.083 f/mL in November op Terrein D. Uit ‘n veiligheidsperspektief is alle asbesvesels of minerale wat ingeasem word egter 'n gevaar vir die mens se gesondheid. Die studie het vasgestel dat die aangepaste asbesmineraaltellingmetode daarin geslaag het om die asbesminerale wat in die neerslagbare stofmonsters uit die studiegebiede bestaan te identifiseer en te kwantifiseer. Hierdie uitkoms is suksesvol bekragtig met die toets wat onderneem is met behulp van die amptelik erkende metode vir die telling van asbesvesel. Die aangepaste mineraaltellingmetode bied aan die navorsingsgemeenskap 'n alternatiewe, koste-effektiewe en gebruikersvriendelike ontledingsmetode. Aangesien daar gevind is dat die ASTMD1739:1998 metode beter presteer as die amptelik erkende metode, beveel hierdie studie aan dat die reguleerders van luggehalte in die land dit oorweeg. Maar die metode sal eers verbetering en standaardisering verg, veral die verskillende windskermontwerpe voordat dit amptelik aanvaar kan word as die metode om neerslagbare stof te versamel en te ontleed. Daar word gehoop dat die gemeenskap wat luggehalte navors die uitdaging sal aanpak. / Mabu le dišomišwa tše dingwe tša bothutaswika tše di hwetšagalago bokagodimo ba Lefase di tsebja di e na le diminerale tše dintši tša tlhago tše di diragalago ka tlhago. Marela ke e ngwe ya diminerale tše di nago le dimela tše di ntši kudu tše di bego di epšwa kudu mafelong a mangwe a diphrofentshe "diphrofentsheng tša Limpopo, Mpumalanga le North Cape Afrika Borwa. Le ge go feditšwe go epšwa marela ka lebaka la ditlamorago tše amanago le maphelo a batho ka 2002, go na le pelaelo malebana le go utullwa ga malwetši a marela. Fibre ke ye ngwe ya marela ye e dirilwego ka maekrosekopiki tše dimilione tše di ka senyegago bonolo go tšweletša khemobonolo yeo e hlamago malwetši a mafahla. Sehlodikgolo sa malwetši a marela mafelong a mathomo ao go bego go le meepo ke sekoti sa marela le mabu a ka godimo ga marela. Dikoti tša meepo ya Marela Phrofentsheng ya Limpopo di mpšhafaditšwe ka tsela ye itšego, eupša Phrofentsheng ya Mpumalanga ga se tša mpšhafatšwa gomme mafelo a ka moka a laolwa ke mmušo gobane beng ba tšona ba di tlogetše. Lerole le ka rarollwago ke sešupopele sa tšhilafalo ya moya e dirwago ka moya gomme se be se šomišwa go kgetha mafelo ao a loketšwego go hlokomelwa. Go ile gwa dirwa tekolo ya go leka tšhomo ya mekgwa ya ASTMD1739: 1998 le ASTM D 1739: 1970. Ge re ntše re tšwela pele ka thuto, go šomišitšwe mokgwa wa semmušo wa ASTM D1739: 1970 gomme wa šomišwa lebakeng la go kgoboketša sampole ya lerole e ka rarollwago. Mafelo a lesome (10) a hweditšwe kgauswi le bodulo ba batho bjo bo lego kotsing ka dikoti tša meepo ya marela di ile tša kgethwa diphrofentsheng tša Mpumalanga le Limpopo ka go latelana. Disampole tša moya tša ka godimo ga lefase, godimo le tše di khutilego di ile tša kgoboketšwa ga tee kgweding kgauswi le bodulo ba batho tše di bego kgauswi kudu le dikoti tša meepo ya marela go tloga ka la 2016 Mopitlo go fihla ka Phupu 2017. Mehuta ya lerole ye sepetšwago ke moya e ile ya kgoboketšwa go šomišwa mokgwa wa semolao wa go tšweletša lerole, E-sampler le sampole ya Air-Con 2. Lerole la ka godimo le be le kgoboketšwa ka ntle go rarela dikarolo tša go kgoboketša lerole go šomišwa poratšhe le pane ya kota gomme le bolokelwa ka mekotleng e nago le zipper ye dirilwego ka polasetiki. Sampole ya lerole le le bego le gaeletšwe le ile la kgoboketšwa ka theipi ya go momela bokagareng le bokantle bja morumofasetere,mabotong a phahlo , le godimo ga galasebokapele dikoloing tša kgale gomme tša bolokwa ka gare ga didirišwa tšeo di makilwego. Disampolo tša mabu a ka godimo di be di hlahlobjwa gape ka mokgwa wa go kgwa ka letsogo ke mohlahlobi wa marela pele go kgoboketšwa. Disampole di be di lokišitšwe kudu ebile di dirilwe ka tlhoko go efoga tšhilafalo ka mekgwa ye tlwaelegilwego ya laporatori gomme ba e hlahloba ba šomiša didirišwa tša go hlahloba. Mokgwa o ikgethilego o šomišwa go hwetša bogona ba kotsi ya marela ka mokgwa wa palo ya diminerale. Mokgwa wo o be o šomišitšwe gape le go bošupong ba marela le diminerale tše dingwe ka gare ga disampole tše di fapanego tša lerole go šomišwa mokgwa wa XRD. Dibepegopono tša diminerale ka moka go swana le sebopego, bogolo le mohuta le tšona di be di tšewa e le karolo ya tshepetšo ya pharodipataka go bogolo le mohuta le tšona di be di tšewa e le karolo ya tshepetšo ya pharodipataka go šomišwa mokgwa wa SEM-EDS. Mokgwa wa ASTMD1739: 1998 o ile wa dira gore go bolokwe lerole le phagameng ka go fetolegago, ka gona go hweditšwe gore le šoma gabotse kudu. Ka bomadimabe, mokgwa wo o tšweletši kudu ge o ngwadišwa ke molao go mmušo. Monyakišiši wo o phetha ka gore mabaka e ka ba ka lebaka la dibopego tše di fapaneng tša meralo ya setsi sa moya se se ka dirago gore go be boima go tseba le go laola. Le ge go le bjalo, sekgoba se sa tshedimošo se fa monyetla wa go ithuta nepišo e telele ya maikemišetšo a go hwetša moralo o tiišitšwego wa moya o ka šišinywago gore o šomišwe ka nageng. Ya bobedi, diyuniti tše di bego di e na le meetsi le algaecide di ile tša tšweletša maemo a phagamego Mpumalanga Phrofentsheng. Ditekanyetšo tše tharo tše di tšweleditše ka tatelano ya taolo e fokotšegago e be e le 2724 mg/ m2/ letšatši go Site E, 1638 mg / m2/ letšatši go Site D le 834 mg/ m2/ letšatši go Site B kgweding ye tee ya Hlakola 2017 Dintlha tša XRF tša di-oxide tša tšhipi, go akaretša tše tše tharo tša godimo [Si (IV) O2, Fe2 (III) O3 le Al2 (III) O3], di tiiša boleng bo phagameng ba diminerale tša silrate mehuteng ya lerole ye e tšwago diphrofentsheng ka bobedi. Dintlha tša XRD tša mineralogy tše di tšwago leroleng le tšhilafatšong di ka tšewa di bontšha phelo ya marela ya amphibole go tloga go 18 go iša go 56% phrofentsheng ya Limpopo le 2.0 go iša go 3.0% phrofentsheng ya Mpumalanga. Bogonatlase ba diminerale tša serpentine tše phagameng ka go fetišiša e le 2.0% le 7.0% diphrofentsheng tša Limpopo le Mpumalanga ka go latelana. Go lekana 8.0 go iša go 43% ya diminerale tša marela tše lekantšwego di ile tša lekanywa leroleng le ageeletšwego ka Limpopo gammogo le go utullwa ga serpentine. Ga go na diminerale tša marela tše di hweditšwego leroleng le ageeletšwego le tšwago Mpumalanga, le ge e le kgauswi kgauswi le dikoti tša mope wa maraba wa marela se a mpšhafatšwago. Mehuta ka moka ya moya ya marela ye e bego e swerwe ka gare ga moya o bego o Mehuta ka moka ya moya ya marela ye e bego e swerwe ka gare ga moya o bego o le ka godimo wa boleng ba moya wa 100 f /mL. Mohuta o phagamego go fetišiša wa moya wa marela le dipalo tša mahlorišo a lekantšwego e be e le tše 40 le bogolo ba 2.083 f /mL ka Diphalane go Site A. Tekanyomahloriš e latelago ya fiber e lekantšwe Phupu ka 6.590 f /mL go Site A le 5.272 f /mL Site D mafelong a tlhahlobo. Nageng ya Mpumalanga, di-fibre tša marela tše phagamego ka go fetišiša e be e le 2.190 f / mL ka Phupu le 2.083 f /mL ka Dibatsela go Site D. Le ge go le bjalo, go latela ponego ya tšhireletšo, fibre ka moka tša marela goba diminerale tše di hengwago di kotsi maphelong a botho. Boithuto bo bo utullotše gore mokgwa wo lekantšwego wa marela o bontšhitšwegošupo o atlegile go kgetholla le go hlakola diminerale tša marela tše di bego di le gona ka gare ga disampolo tša lerole le tšwago mafelong a boithuto. Sephetho se se netefaditšwe katlego le tlhahlobo ye e dirilwego e šomišwago mokgwa wo amogetšwego ke molao wa marela fiber. Mokgwa o lekantšwego wa diminerale o thuša setšhaba sa dinyakišišo ka mokgwa o mongwe wa tlhahlobo ye e šongwago, gabotse e bile ye botho. Go tloga go mokgwa wa ASTM D1739: 1998 o hweditšwe o šoma gabotse go feta mokgwa wo amogetšwego ke molao, thuto ye e šupetša gore balaodi ba boleng ba moya nageng ba e nagane. Empa, mokgwa wo o tla hloka mpšhafatšo le maemo pele kudu meralo ye fapaneng ya thebe ya moya pele e ka amogelwa ke molao e le mokgwa wa go kgoboketša le go sekaseka lerole le le ka rarolwago. Re tshepa gore setšhaba sa dinyakišišo tša boleng ba moya se tla tšea bothata bo. / Mobu le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa jioloji tse fumanehang bokaholimo ba Lefatše li tsejoa li na le liminerale tse ngata tsa tlhaho tse etsahalang ka tlhaho. Asbestos ke e 'ngoe ea liminerale tse nang le silika e ngata e neng e chekoa haholo libakeng tse ling tsa liprofinse tsa "liprofinse tsa Limpopo, Mpumalanga le North Cape Afrika Boroa. Leha ho felisoa morafo oa asbestos ka lebaka la litlamorao tse amanang le bophelo bo botle ba batho ka 2002, ho ntse ho na le ts'oenyeho mabapi le ho pepesetsoa ha tikoloho likhoele tsa asbestos. Fiber e le 'ngoe ea asbestos e entsoe ka likhoele tse limilione tse kang nale tse tsoang habonolo ho hlahisa likaroloana tse sa bonoeng tse tlalehang libaka-mafuamatšo. Mohloli o ka sehloohong oa likhoele tsa asbestos libakeng tseo pele e neng e le tsa meepo ke lithako tsa asbestos le mobu o silafetseng oa asbestos. Likotlo tsa merafo ea Asbestos Profinseng ea Limpopo li nchafalitsoe ka tsela e itseng, athe Profinseng ea Mpumalanga ha e nchafatsoe 'me libaka tsena kaofela li laoloa ke mmuso hobane beng ba tsona ba ba lahlile. Lerōle le ka rarolloang ke letšoao la pele la tšilafalo ea moea e tsoang ka moea mme le ne le sebelisetsoa ho khetha libaka tseo li lokelang ho-shebelloa. Ho ile ha etsoa boithuto ba ho leka ts'ebetso ea mekhoa ea ASTMD1739: 1998 le ASTM D 1739: 1970. Ha re ntse re tsoela pele ka thuto, ho sebelisitsoe mokhoa oa semmuso oa ASTM D1739: 1970 'me oa sebelisoa bakeng sa ho bokella sampole ea lerōle e ka rarolloang. Sebaka sa libaka tse leshome (10) tse fumanehang haufi le bolulo ba batho ba tlokotsing tse haufi le libaka tse lahliloeng tsa meepo ea asbestos li ile tsa khethoa liprofinseng tsa Mpumalanga le Limpopo ka ho latellana. Lisampole tsa moea tse ka holim'a lefatše, holimo le tse patiloeng li ile tsa bokelloa hang ka khoeli ho potoloha libaka tsa bolulo tsa batho tse haufi haholo le libaka tse lahliloeng tsa moepo oa asbestos ho tloha ka Mmesa 2016 ho fihlela ka Phuptjane 2017. Mefuta ea lerōle e tsamaisoang ke moea e ile ea bokelloa ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa semolao oa ho hlahisa lerōle, E-sampler le sampole ea Air-Con 2. Lerōle le kaholimo le ne le bokelloa ka ntle ho potoloha likarolo tsa ho bokella lerōle le sebelisa brashi le pane ea patsi mme le bolokiloe ka mekotleng e nang le zipper e entsoeng ka thepa ea polasetiki. Mehlala ea lerōle e neng e tšoasehile e ile ea bokelloa ho sebelisoa theipi e khangoang ka tlung le kantle kahare ho lifensetere, ka holim'a thepa ea ka tlung le lifensetereng tsa likoloi tsa khale 'me li bolokiloe ka har'a lisebelisoa tse koetsoeng. Meetso ea mobu e kaholimo le eona e ile ea hlahlojoa ka letsoho le ts'oaroang ka asbestos pele ho pokello. Mehlala e ne e hlophisitsoe haholo ebile e entsoe ka hloko ho qoba ho silafatsa kapa ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tšebeliso ea mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea laboratori mme e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa tekanyetso. Mokhoa o ikhethileng o sebelisitsoe ho fumana ho ba teng ha kotsi ea asbestos ka mokhoa oa palo ea liminerale. Mokhoa ona o ne o boetse o sebelisoa bakeng sa ho khetholla asbestos le liminerale tse ling ka har'a disampole tse fapaneng tsa lerōle ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa XRD. Litšobotsi tsa 'mele tsa liminerale tsohle tse kang sebopeho, boholo le mofuta le tsona li ne li nkuoa e le karolo ea ts'ebetso ea sebopeho ho sebelisa mokhoa oa SEM-EDS. Mokhoa oa ASTMD1739: 1998 o ile oa etsa hore ho bolokoe lerōle le phahameng ka ho fetelletseng, ka hona ho fumanoe hore le sebetsa hantle haholo. Ka bomalimabe, mokhoa ona o atlehileng ka ho fetisisa ha o ngolisoe ke molao kapa 'muso. Mofuputsi enoa o phethela ka hore mabaka a ka ba teng ka lebaka la sebopeho se fapaneng sa meralo ea setsi sa moea se ka etsang hore ho be thata ho tseba le ho laola. Leha ho le joalo, lekhalo lena la tlhaiso-leseling le fana ka monyetla oa ho ithuta ho tsepameng molemong oa mokhoa ona ka sepheo sa ho fumana moralo o tiisitsoeng oa moea o ka khothalletsoang hore o sebelisoe ka har'a naha. Ya bobedi, diyuniti tse neng di na le metsi le algaecide li ile tsa hlahisa maemo a phahameng a ho tsetsahala Mpumalanga. Litekanyetso tse tharo tse fanoeng ka tatellano ea taolo e fokotsehang e ne e le 2724 mg/ m2/ letsatsi ho Site E, 1638 mg /m2/ letsatsi ho Site D le 834 mg / m2/letsatsi ho Site B ka khoeli e tšoanang ea Hlakubele 2017. Lintlha tsa XRF tsa li-oxide tsa tšepe, ho kenyelletsa tsena tse tharo tse holimo [Si (IV) O2, Fe2 (III) O3 le Al2 (III) O3], li tiisa boleng bo phahameng ba liminerale tsa silrate mefuteng ea lerōle e tsoang liprofinseng ka bobeli. Lintlha tsa XRD tsa mineralogy tse tsoang lerōleng le ts'ilafatsoang li ka nkuoa li bonts'a phello ea asbestos ea amphibole ho tloha ho 18 ho isa ho 56% profinseng ea Limpopo le 2.0 ho isa ho 3.0% profinseng ea Mpumalanga. Boteng bo tlase ba liminerale tsa linoha tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa e le 2.0% le 7.0% liprofinseng tsa Limpopo le Mpumalanga ka ho latellana. Hoo e ka lerōleng le ts'oaroang ho la Limpopo hammoho le ho sibolloa ha noha. Ha ho na liminerale tsa asbestos tse fumanoeng lerōleng le tsubelletsoeng le tsoang Mpumalanga, leha ho le haufi le marang-rang a litopo tsa asbestos tse sa ntlafatsoang. Mefuta eohle ea moea e kang asbestos e neng e hapiloe kahare ho moea o ne o le kaholimo ho boleng ba moea oa 100 f /mL. Mofuta o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa moea oa asbestos le lipalo tsa mahloriso tse lekantsoeng e ne e le likhoele tse 40 le boholo ba 2.083 f /mL ka Mphalane ho Site A. Khakanyo e latelang ea fiber fiber e latelang e lekantsoe ka Pherekhong ka 6.590 f /mL ho Site A le 5.272 f /mL setsing D libaka tsa tlhahlobo. Naheng ea Mpumalanga, li-fiber tsa asbestos tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa e ne e le 2.190 f /mL ka Phuptjane le 2.083 f /mL ka Pulungoana ho Site D. Leha ho le joalo, ho latela pono ea ts'ireletso, likhoele tsohle tsa asbestos kapa liminerale tse kentsoeng li kotsi bophelong ba motho. Boithuto bo fumane hore mokhoa o lekantsoeng oa "asbestos" o ntlafalitsoeng o atlehile ho tseba le ho hlakisa liminerale tsa asbestos tse neng li le teng ka har'a mehlala ea lerōle e tsoang libakeng tsa boithuto. Sephetho sena se netefalitsoe ka katleho le tlhahlobo e entsoeng e sebelisang mokhoa o amohetsoeng ka molao oa asbestos fiber count. Mokhoa o lekantsoeng oa liminerale o thusa sechaba sa lipatlisiso ka mokhoa o mong oa tlhahlobo o sebetsang, o sebetsang hantle ebile o sebelisang botsoalle. Ho tloha ha mokhoa oa ASTM D1739: 1998 o fumanoe o sebetsa hantle ho feta mokhoa o amohetsoeng ka molao, thuto ena e khothaletsa hore batsamaisi ba boleng ba moea naheng ba e nahane. Empa, mokhoa ona o tla hloka ntlafatso le maemo pele haholo mealo e fapaneng ea thebe ea moea pele e ka amoheloa ka molao e le mokhoa oa ho bokella le ho sekaseka lerōle le ka rarolloang. Re tšepa hore sechaba sa lipatlisiso tsa boleng ba moea se tla nka bothata bona. / Environmental Science / Ph. D. (Environmental Sciences)

The aim of the dissertation is to indicate that a large number of problems in rural communities are the consequence of ineffective knowledge management, and that the effective management of knowledge could significantly improve the range and quality of services provided to community members. Knowledge is reviewed by examining the process of changing social facts into data, data into information and information into knowledge. Knowledge management is examined by reviewing the history of knowledge management as well as defining the term knowledge management. A generic model for knowledge management is developed that divides knowledge management into five basic processes namely; knowledge identification, knowledge mobilisation, knowledge generation/elaboration, knowledge application and knowledge evaluation. The model further describes the knowledge management ”enablers” that can either facilitate or debilitate the management of knowledge. Various practical suggestions are proposed that will facilitate the implementation of a knowledge management programme in a rural community. / Psychology / MA (PSYCHOLOGY)

The researcher attempts to establish how CCTV footage can be used as a surveillance technique, for evidence gained in that way to be admissible in court. To conduct effective investigation, it is important for investigators to be familiar with the application of CCTV footage, its purpose, its benefits and shortfalls. To achieve the goals and objectives of the practice of CCTV footage, investigators must know how to utilise the value of its evidence, and how to use it to identify suspects. The clarification and application to the crime situation, the identification of the perpetrator or suspect of a criminal act is mostly impossible, if CCTV footage is not available to assist in identification and tracing of suspects. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

M.Comm. / The purpose of this study is to identify and investigate potential obstacles for local and international investors in the Maputo Development Corridor (MDC). This study focuses exclusively on the Maputo-Mpumalanga Corridor axis which could be considered as an important nucleus of the eastern region of Southern Africa. The possibility of cooperation concerning the Corridor offers both South Africa and Mozambique - who have until recently both experienced less than optimal international trade relations – the opportunity for enhanced competitiveness. The study therefor attempts to measure the perceptions of potential investors to identify obstacles regarding the process of regional economic integration involving the Map uto-Mp umalanga Corridor in attracting investments. After thorough evaluation of the potential investment sectors among the various role players it became clear that tourism is the sector with the largest potential for investment. Next are the transport and agricultural sectors which show great potential and then, to a lesser extent manufacturing projects. By putting emphasis on these sectors as investment opportunities in particular, will result in more concentrated and graduated progress. With reference to the fact that investment is taking place slowly or does not take place at all, it is obvious that the,re are certain obstacles in the way of investment. The response that has been obtained shows clearly that the different role players do not regard the same factors as obstacles. This mere fact is probably already the biggest obstacle of them all. The fact that international investors regard safety and security as well as bureaucracy in the public sector as the two biggest obstacles, is a serious cause for concern. It shows that overseas investors are not as yet convinced of South Africa's democracy and its new government. Taking all the role players' opinions into consideration, it can be said that the general obstacles in investment in the Corridor can mainly be identified as follows: Safety and security. Bureaucracy in the public sector. Labour problems (productivity and demands by trade unions). Quality of products from Mozambique. Unless both governments address the above-mentioned obstacles immediately, potential investors would continue to regard the Maputo Corridor as unfavourable to a certain extent. This study therefor provides a clear explanation of the most important sectors for investment. It also identifies the most important obstacles to investment in the Maputo-Mpumalanga Development Corridor. It should be seen as an introduction to further research, for a more in-depth investigation of each sector will provide more specific problems and opportunities.

A novel study on the investigation of three very common atmospheric sulphur species relevant to the Mpumalanga Highveld subregion was conducted. Long-term in situ measurements were applied in the diurnal and seasonal evaluation of the observed sulphur species. Ambient pollutant concentrations and surface meteorological data were collected at an air quality monitoring station at Elandsfontein. Elandsfontein air quality monitoring station was ideal for the observations due to its high elevation within the Mpumalanga Province surrounded by few rolling hills and negligible windbreaks which easily allows for extensive plume-contact with the surface during convective daytime mixing. The temporal characteristics of the sulphur species have been assessed relative to one another with varying meteorological conditions. The diurnal and seasonal concentration variations were used to describe the physical characteristics exhibited by the compounds over Elandsfontein. Pollution roses were used to target the source of the major release points and areas of these sulphur species relative to the Elandsfontein monitoring station. Gas and particle concentrations were analysed in relation to varying meteorological parameters with a view to ascertaining the sulphur transformation and concentration distribution in the planetary boundary layer. Particulate sulphate distribution has been modelled through multivariate regression analyses in relation to three meteorological parameters, namely, wind speed, relative humidity and ambient temperature for the various seasons observed over southern Africa. This study has shown that hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and sulphate species are present throughout the year in the Mpumalanga Highveld at notably significant levels. The presence of ambient particulate sulphate has been shown to result from the combination of chemical interactions during long-range aerosol transport; atmospheric recirculation processes shown from back trajectories over the southern Africa sub-region, as well as the variation in the removal mechanisms and rates for the different seasons throughout the year. These transport and removal processes all contribute to the overall sulphur mass balance in the planetary boundary layer. Dosage of the three sulphur species was evaluated to provide data for sulphur pollution loading that could form a basis for health and vii environmental impact assessments over the area. In view of the characteristic patterns displayed by particulate sulphate, multivariate mathematical models have been developed on a seasonal basis with variations in meteorological parameters. This was seen to predict an accuracy of up to 70 % of the particulate sulphate loading for different seasons over the South African Highveld. In order to understand the chemical interactions of atmospheric sulphur species, it is important to be able to predict the route taken and expected products of transformation on any given condition. Theoretical analyses of the chemical thermodynamic properties of the known reacting species and a well-established approach were used in predicting reaction paths and establishing the possible and feasible products of chemical transformation in relation to the ambient temperature. The determination of reaction paths and possible products of chemical transformation provides a measure of the relative importance of the reacting species and the mechanism of reaction. Gas-, aqueous-phase and radical reactions involving sulphur (IV) were investigated with a view to establishing their relative importances. Thermochemical properties of several sulphur-containing compounds not available in the literature have been generated for evaluation of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and enthalpy (ΔH). An electronic energy structural approach has been applied to model for ΔG and ΔH of 88 sulphur species in 90 chemical reactions comprising gas-phase, aqueousphase and radical reactions. Modelling was evaluated for their relative importances over a temperature range of –100 °C to +100 °C. The temperature range is well above the known tropospheric temperature range to account for variations in the atmospheric environment. To further comprehend the chemistry of sulphur with regards to distribution of the species in the atmosphere, a kinetic model is developed and incorporated into a dispersion model. The kinetic evaluation of the oxidation rate of SO2 to sulphate has been determined with advection and dispersion over the Elandsfontein area. Gas-phase transformation with advection and dispersion has been used to evaluate the extent of the distribution of SO2 relative to the major contributing sources. The dry deposition was considered to be the dominant removal mechanism. It was assumed that the reaction rate was second order in concentration and that the rate of deposition was first order. The oxidation rates obtained for the seasons were 10.9 % h-1 for summer; 8.83 % h-1 for autumn; 6.56 % h-1 for winter; viii 10.8 % h-1 for spring, while an overall rate of 9.6 % h-1 was obtained for the one year study period. The transformation rate model produced a reaction constant and an activation energy of 4.92 x 10-6 μg m-3 s-1 and 36.54 kJ kg-1 for summer; 3.939 x 10-6 μg m-3 s-1 and 43.89 kJ kg-1 for autumn; 2.90 x 10-6 μg m-3 s-1 and 115.69 kJ kg-1 for winter; 4.82 x 10-6 μg m-3 s-1 and 43.29 kJ kg-1 for spring, while for the year 4.29 x 10-6 μg m-3 s-1 and 34.31 kJ kg-1. A Gaussian puff unsteady state Lagrangian dispersion model with reflection at the surface and inversion layer was applied for concentration diffusion. The Lagrangian dispersion model with dry deposition was a better prediction of the observed data than the models from previous studies using a first order rate constant with or without deposition rate.

Thesis (M.Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2011 / The study focused on the existence of Extended Public Works Projects (EPWP) and beneficiation in the village of Croquetlawn and Tsemamarhumbu village of Mkhuhlu in the Bushbuckridge Municipality. Many rural households live in situations of high unemployment and abject poverty, especially in the rural neighbourhoods of South Africa. The introduction of labour intensive projects of government in infrastructural development, under the auspices of the Department of Public Works, has brought a great relief in redressing unemployment and poverty in the country. While the provision of these short-term based jobs is life-saving, the question is whether or not these projects (EPWP) will provide a sustainable solution to unemployment and poverty with the skills and information they provide to the employees. The methodology used in this study was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. A small sample size of 40 people was selected using purposive sampling, targeting mainly beneficiaries of EPWPs, Municipal officials, CBOs, traditional leaders (indunas) and Ward Councillors. It is worth pointing out that the study findings indicated the positive impact of the EPWPs on beneficiaries; even though challenges were still enormous. At the delivery or grassroots point, the institutional arrangement of the Programme is virtually weak and non-existent in most instances resulting in poor governance. It is recommended that during the programme design stage, institutional arrangements and mechanism must be improved by the involvement of community structures to enhance good governance. It is recommended that gender mainstreaming forms part of the project management and programme design. This implies that vulnerable people such as women and orphaned children are given a special status in the programme. The programme design should also in the main address human basic needs related to infrastructural projects. Labour intensive programmes can create a greater demand for local products and services than do high technology programmes which may heavily rely on imported technology and equipment.

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2012 / Introduction: An observational study was undertaken to assess the level of compliance of school nutrition with standard hygiene requirements prescribed by Regulations R918 of 30 July 1999. Aim: To assess the level of compliance of Primary School Nutrition Programme with standard hygiene requirements prescribed by Regulations R918 of 30 July 1999 in Bushbuckridge area. Study: The study was conducted in primary schools located in Bushbuckridge sub-district with an estimated population of 611.048 and 212 primary schools. Method: Observational study was conducted in schools and information regarding food preparation area, food storage rooms, environmental hygiene, personal hygiene and food transportation was recorded. Sampling: A random sampling was conducted to select schools in each circuit. Thirty two percent was used to determine the sample size. Sixty eight primary schools of a population of 212 were select from the various circuits in Bushbuckridge sub-district. Data was gathered using observation method. An observation data gathering tool was developed to collect the data that was needed for the study. Results: The study revealed that 24.3% of the schools prepare their food in kitchens that meet the standards and the requirements prescribed by the health regulations. However, 75.7% of the schools prepare their food in structures that do not comply with the health regulations. The study on environmental hygiene revealed that 95.7% of the schools do not provide toiletries in their latrines most of which are not waterborne. The study further revealed that 87% of the schools do not provide soap for hand washing in their latrines. The study on personal hygiene revealed that 61.4% of the schools do not provide protective clothing to the food handlers who prepare food for learners. The study on food transportation revealed that 100% of the vehicles used to deliver food in schools do not comply with the standards and the hygiene requirements prescribed by the health regulations. Conclusion: It can thus be concluded that the level of compliance of the school nutrition programme to the standards and the requirements prescribed by Regulations R918 of 30 July 1999 is minimal. Measures of precautions to safeguard food contaminations that may result in outbreaks are not adequately followed. The level of environmental hygiene responsible for the spread of most of the diseases in children is poor. There is a high percentage of non-compliance to the standards and the requirements prescribed by Regulations R918 of 30 July 1999.