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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Exploring Deep Learning Frameworks for Multiclass Segmentation of 4D Cardiac Computed Tomography / Utforskning av djupinlärningsmetoder för 4D segmentering av hjärtat från datortomografi

Janurberg, Norman, Luksitch, Christian January 2021 (has links)
By combining computed tomography data with computational fluid dynamics, the cardiac hemodynamics of a patient can be assessed for diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease. The advantage of computed tomography over other medical imaging modalities is its capability of producing detailed high resolution images containing geometric measurements relevant to the simulation of cardiac blood flow. To extract these geometries from computed tomography data, segmentation of 4D cardiac computed tomography (CT) data has been performed using two deep learning frameworks that combine methods which have previously shown success in other research. The aim of this thesis work was to develop and evaluate a deep learning based technique to segment the left ventricle, ascending aorta, left atrium, left atrial appendage and the proximal pulmonary vein inlets. Two frameworks have been studied where both utilise a 2D multi-axis implementation to segment a single CT volume by examining it in three perpendicular planes, while one of them has also employed a 3D binary model to extract and crop the foreground from surrounding background. Both frameworks determine a segmentation prediction by reconstructing three volumes after 2D segmentation in each plane and combining their probabilities in an ensemble for a 3D output.  The results of both frameworks show similarities in their performance and ability to properly segment 3D CT data. While the framework that examines 2D slices of full size volumes produces an overall higher Dice score, it is less successful than the cropping framework at segmenting the smaller left atrial appendage. Since the full size 2D slices also contain background information in each slice, it is believed that this is the main reason for better segmentation performance. While the cropping framework provides a higher proportion of each foreground label, making it easier for the model to identify smaller structures. Both frameworks show success for use in 3D cardiac CT segmentation, and with further research and tuning of each network, even better results can be achieved.
2

Anisotropie de comportement en fluage thermique de tubes gaine et de tubes guide en alliages de Zirconium. Développements expérimentaux et résultats. / Anisotropic creep behaviour of zirconium cladding tubes. A new device and experimental results

Grosjean, Catherine 30 June 2009 (has links)
Les tubes gaine et tubes guide réalisés en alliage de zirconium et utilisés dans les réacteurs à eau pressurisée constituent des éléments de structures essentiels de ce type de réacteur. Soumis à de multiples sollicitations (irradiation, corrosion, hydruration…), ils subissent aussi des contraintes mécaniques multiaxées à une température d'environ 320 °C, ce qui induit du fluage thermique. Cette thèse a pour but d'étudier l'influence de trois paramètres sur le comportement en fluage d'alliages de zirconium qui sont fortement anisotropes : le trajet de chargement, l'état métallurgique et la composition chimique. Compte tenu de la géométrie particulière de ces tubes mais surtout de la multiaxialité des chargements en service (pression interne qui augmente, contrainte axiale…), la première partie de la thèse a consisté en la mise au point d'un dispositif de fluage adapté. Celui-ci a été testé et validé en réalisant des essais sur Zircaloy 4 détendu. La suite de l'étude a été menée à une température fixe, 400 °C, en réalisant des essais pour déterminer deux courbes iso-vitesses de fluage (5 10-9 et 3,510-8 s-1) pour chacun des matériaux testés. La comparaison entre les résultats obtenus sur le Zircaloy 4 détendu et recristallisé a permis de déterminer les effets de l'état métallurgique sur le fluage dans cette gamme de vitesses. L'alliage de référence (M5®) nous a permis de montrer, qu'à cette température, pour cette gamme de contraintes, l'ordre des étapes de mise en charge ne semblait pas avoir d'influence sur le comportement en fluage. Les effets de l'oxygène, de l'étain et du fer ont pu être étudiés grâce à 5 autres alliages (M5® haut et bas oxygène, quaternaires Q12, Q32 et Q42). Enfin, à l'aide du logiciel Sidolo, en utilisant d'une part la base expérimentale sur le M5® et d'autre part celle sur le Zircaloy 4 recristallisé, deux modélisations macroscopiques ont été ajustées sur les résultats expérimentaux. La première utilise un critère de Von Mises (isotrope), la seconde un critère de Hill plus adapté pour les matériaux anisotropes. Aucun de ces deux modèles ne parvient à rendre compte de la forte anisotropie du comportement de fluage à 400°C en particulier pour des valeurs de σZZ / σθθ entre 0,5 et 1. / Fuel rods and cladding tubes in zirconium are essential structural parts of Pressurized Water Reactors. There are submitted in service to aggressive environment (vapour at ~320°C, 155 bars, and irradiation) and to multiaxial mechanical loadings leading to thermal creep which has to be quantified. The present work aims to determine the effects of 3 parameters on the mechanical behaviour of different zirconium alloys: the loading path, the metallurgical state (stress-relieved, recrystallized) and the chemical composition. The first step to take was to develop a new device adapted to different geometries of tubes, and to validate it by comparing experimental results obtained upon the stress-relieved Zircaloy 4 to bibliographical results. Second, a large database has been constituted on the M5® in order to highlight the effects of an overloading or of cycling on the circumferential stress, and of the loading path (application of the axial then the circumferential stress, or the contrary or proportional loading). Then by comparing the behaviour of the recrystallized and the stress-relieved Zircaloys 4, the effects of the metallurgical state on this hexagonal alloy on the creep behaviour have also been studied. Lastly, the effects of oxygen, stain and iron have been quantified due to 5 other alloys (M5® low and high oxygen, Q12, Q32 and Q42). The last step of this work corresponds to the model of the macroscopic behaviour of 2 alloys (M5® and Zircaloy 4) with isotropic and anisotropic criteria to prove the necessity of developing a new and strong model adapted to highly anisotropic alloys like Zirconium alloys

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