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Decision support systems are interactive, computer-based information systems that provide data and analysis tools in order to better assist managers on different levels of organization in the process of decision making. Data warehouses (DWs) have been developed and deployed as an integral part of decision support systems. A data warehouse is a database that allows to store high volume of historical data required for analytical purposes. This data is extracted from operational databases, transformed into a coherent whole, and loaded into a DW during the extraction-transformation-loading (ETL) process. DW data can be dynamically manipulated using on-line analytical processing (OLAP) systems. DW and OLAP systems rely on a multidimensional model that includes measures, dimensions, and hierarchies. Measures are usually numeric additive values that are used for quantitative evaluation of different aspects about organization. Dimensions provide different analysis perspectives while hierarchies allow to analyze measures on different levels of detail. Nevertheless, currently, designers as well as users find difficult to specify multidimensional elements required for analysis. One reason for that is the lack of conceptual models for DW and OLAP system design, which would allow to express data requirements on an abstract level without considering implementation details. Another problem is that many kinds of complex hierarchies arising in real-world situations are not addressed by current DW and OLAP systems. In order to help designers to build conceptual models for decision-support systems and to help users in better understanding the data to be analyzed, in this thesis we propose the MultiDimER model - a conceptual model used for representing multidimensional data for DW and OLAP applications. Our model is mainly based on the existing ER constructs, for example, entity types, attributes, relationship types with their usual semantics, allowing to represent the common concepts of dimensions, hierarchies, and measures. It also includes a conceptual classification of different kinds of hierarchies existing in real-world situations and proposes graphical notations for them. On the other hand, currently users of DW and OLAP systems demand also the inclusion of spatial data, visualization of which allows to reveal patterns that are difficult to discover otherwise. The advantage of using spatial data in the analysis process is widely recognized since it allows to reveal patterns that are difficult to discover otherwise. However, although DWs typically include a spatial or a location dimension, this dimension is usually represented in an alphanumeric format. Furthermore, there is still a lack of a systematic study that analyze the inclusion as well as the management of hierarchies and measures that are represented using spatial data. With the aim of satisfying the growing requirements of decision-making users, we extend the MultiDimER model by allowing to include spatial data in the different elements composing the multidimensional model. The novelty of our contribution lays in the fact that a multidimensional model is seldom used for representing spatial data. To succeed with our proposal, we applied the research achievements in the field of spatial databases to the specific features of a multidimensional model. The spatial extension of a multidimensional model raises several issues, to which we refer in this thesis, such as the influence of different topological relationships between spatial objects forming a hierarchy on the procedures required for measure aggregations, aggregations of spatial measures, the inclusion of spatial measures without the presence of spatial dimensions, among others. Moreover, one of the important characteristics of multidimensional models is the presence of a time dimension for keeping track of changes in measures. However, this dimension cannot be used to model changes in other dimensions. Therefore, usual multidimensional models are not symmetric in the way of representing changes for measures and dimensions. Further, there is still a lack of analysis indicating which concepts already developed for providing temporal support in conventional databases can be applied and be useful for different elements composing a multidimensional model. In order to handle in a similar manner temporal changes to all elements of a multidimensional model, we introduce a temporal extension for the MultiDimER model. This extension is based on the research in the area of temporal databases, which have been successfully used for modeling time-varying information for several decades. We propose the inclusion of different temporal types, such as valid and transaction time, which are obtained from source systems, in addition to the DW loading time generated in DWs. We use this temporal support for a conceptual representation of time-varying dimensions, hierarchies, and measures. We also refer to specific constraints that should be imposed on time-varying hierarchies and to the problem of handling multiple time granularities between source systems and DWs. Furthermore, the design of DWs is not an easy task. It requires to consider all phases from the requirements specification to the final implementation including the ETL process. It should also take into account that the inclusion of different data items in a DW depends on both, users' needs and data availability in source systems. However, currently, designers must rely on their experience due to the lack of a methodological framework that considers above-mentioned aspects. In order to assist developers during the DW design process, we propose a methodology for the design of conventional, spatial, and temporal DWs. We refer to different phases, such as requirements specification, conceptual, logical, and physical modeling. We include three different methods for requirements specification depending on whether users, operational data sources, or both are the driving force in the process of requirement gathering. We show how each method leads to the creation of a conceptual multidimensional model. We also present logical and physical design phases that refer to DW structures and the ETL process. To ensure the correctness of the proposed conceptual models, i.e., with conventional data, with the spatial data, and with time-varying data, we formally define them providing their syntax and semantics. With the aim of assessing the usability of our conceptual model including representation of different kinds of hierarchies as well as spatial and temporal support, we present real-world examples. Pursuing the goal that the proposed conceptual solutions can be implemented, we include their logical representations using relational and object-relational databases.

Notre travail s'inscrit dans le domaine de l'affective computing et plus précisément la modélisation, détection et annotation des émotions. L'objectif est d'étudier, d'identifier et de modéliser les émotions afin d'assurer l’échange entre applications multimodales. Notre contribution s'axe donc sur trois points. En premier lieu, nous présentons une nouvelle vision de la modélisation des états émotionnels basée sur un modèle générique pour la représentation et l'échange des émotions entre applications multimodales. Il s'agit d'un modèle de représentation hiérarchique composé de trois couches distinctes : la couche psychologique, la couche de calcul formel et la couche langage. Ce modèle permet la représentation d'une infinité d'émotions et la modélisation aussi bien des émotions de base comme la colère, la tristesse et la peur que les émotions complexes comme les émotions simulées et masquées. Le second point de notre contribution est axé sur une approche monomodale de reconnaissance des émotions fondée sur l'analyse des signaux physiologiques. L'algorithme de reconnaissance des émotions s'appuie à la fois sur l'application des techniques de traitement du signal, sur une classification par plus proche voisins et également sur notre modèle multidimensionnel de représentation des émotions. Notre troisième contribution porte sur une approche multimodale de reconnaissance des émotions. Cette approche de traitement des données conduit à une génération d'information de meilleure qualité et plus fiable que celle obtenue à partir d'une seule modalité. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent une amélioration significative des taux de reconnaissance des huit émotions par rapport aux résultats obtenus avec l'approche monomodale. Enfin nous avons intégré notre travail dans une application de détection de la dépression des personnes âgées dans un habitat intelligent. Nous avons utilisé les signaux physiologiques recueillis à partir de différents capteurs installés dans l'habitat pour estimer l'état affectif de la personne concernée. / This study focuses on affective computing in both fields of modeling and detecting emotions. Our contributions concern three points. First, we present a generic solution of emotional data exchange between heterogeneous multi-modal applications. This proposal is based on a new algebraic representation of emotions and is composed of three distinct layers : the psychological layer, the formal computational layer and the language layer. The first layer represents the psychological theory adopted in our approach which is the Plutchik's theory. The second layer is based on a formal multidimensional model. It matches the psychological approach of the previous layer. The final layer uses XML to generate the final emotional data to be transferred through the network. In this study we demonstrate the effectiveness of our model to represent an in infinity of emotions and to model not only the basic emotions (e.g., anger, sadness, fear) but also complex emotions like simulated and masked emotions. Moreover, our proposal provides powerful mathematical tools for the analysis and the processing of these emotions and it enables the exchange of the emotional states regardless of the modalities and sensors used in the detection step. The second contribution consists on a new monomodal method of recognizing emotional states from physiological signals. The proposed method uses signal processing techniques to analyze physiological signals. It consists of two main steps : the training step and the detection step. In the First step, our algorithm extracts the features of emotion from the data to generate an emotion training data base. Then in the second step, we apply the k-nearest-neighbor classifier to assign the predefined classes to instances in the test set. The final result is defined as an eight components vector representing the felt emotion in multidimensional space. The third contribution is focused on multimodal approach for the emotion recognition that integrates information coming from different cues and modalities. It is based on our proposed formal multidimensional model. Experimental results show how the proposed approach increases the recognition rates in comparison with the unimodal approach. Finally, we integrated our study on an automatic tool for prevention and early detection of depression using physiological sensors. It consists of two main steps : the capture of physiological features and analysis of emotional information. The first step permits to detect emotions felt throughout the day. The second step consists on analyzing these emotional information to prevent depression.

A nanotecnologia surge como uma promessa revolucionária na economia mundial. Diversas discussões sobre os benefícios do controle de materiais em escala nanométrica estão acontecendo pelo mundo. No entanto, até que ponto essas promessas irão se tornar realidade? Grandes setores industriais têm investido em pesquisa em nanotecnologia com objetivo de criar produtos com funções nunca antes imaginadas. Do ponto de vista tecno-econômico, a nanotecnologia tem um grande potencial para empresas e para a sociedade. Disto surge uma questão importante: uma tecnologia emergente não teria impactos do ponto de vista social e ambiental a considerar? As lições dos casos com outras tecnologias como, por exemplo, o tema dos Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados, devem ser consideradas, e, por isso, as discussões sobre a nanotecnologia devem ocorrer em uma perspectiva mais ampla, além da perspectiva tecno-econômica. A consideração de múltiplas dimensões (tecnológica, econômica, social e ambiental) é muito importante para o desenvolvimento da tecnologia na economia atual. Neste sentido, esta tese utilizou uma pesquisa de campo com a seguinte configuração: uma pesquisa exploratória, caracterizada por entrevistas com quatro atores envolvidos no desenvolvimento da nanotecnologia, e uma segunda pesquisa exploratória somente com representantes do ator empresa; e a segunda foi uma pesquisa descritiva, caracterizada pela aplicação de uma survey entre pesquisadores do ator universidade e centro tecnológico. O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi propor um modelo multidimensional de análise de impactos de uma nova tecnologia, onde são analisadas as relações dos impactos entre quatro dimensões de análise. Os resultados se compõem da discussão dos elementos do modelo multidimensional de análise de uma nova tecnologia para o caso da nanotecnologia, onde se conclui que as novas dimensões, social e ambiental, são importantes para o devido desenvolvimento de uma nova tecnologia, mas não compreendidos pelos atores do atual cenário de desenvolvimento da nanotecnologia. / The nanotechnology emerges with the promise to revolutionize the world. There are many discussions about the “great” things that could be done from the control of material in the nanoscale. However, until what point all these promises will become reality? International big industries has invested in nano’s research with the goal of create unimaginable daily products. From the techno-economic point of view, the nanotechnology has a great potential for the enterprises and for the society. Nevertheless, the question that emerges is: an emergent technology like that won’t have also the impacts in the environmental and social points of view? The lessons of the OGM cases have to be taken into account, and for this, the nanotechnology discussions have to be done in a broader perspective, that only the techno-economic level. The consideration of these multiples dimensions (technologic, economic, social and environmental) is very important for the development of this technology in the economy. In this sense, this thesis is a result of two phases: first is qualitative, and characterized by the experts interviews; the second is quantitative, and characterized by a survey application for the nanobiotechnology network integrants. The main goal of this research is to propose a model to analyse the impacts from nanotechnology in a multidimensional framework including macroeconomic view and the relationships among different dimensions of impacts. As results it proposed a matrix of “impacts x actors” that allowed a better comprehension of the brazilian nanotechnology scenario (in the nanobiotecnology domain), and the an overview about the initial stage of nanotechnology development considering the potential impacts for future. The main finding is that environmental and social dimensions are strongly related to technological and economic dimensions and are very important to consider during the economic development path.

The first goal for the study was to estimate trait effects and social influences for racial centrality, racial private regard, and racial public regard. The second was to estimate correlational relationships between racial identity, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The study used 110 Black university students (Mage=19.5,SD=4.13) from a southeastern American university. Restricted maximum likelihood estimation was conducted to estimate variance components for all constructs. Racial centrality, racial private regard, and racial public regard consisted of mostly trait effects, although reflecting substantial social influences. Correlational findings indicated that providers who evoked high racial centrality also evoked low depression, low anxiety, and were seen as supportive. Providers who evoked racial private regard also evoked low depression, low anxiety, and were seen as supportive. Socially influenced racial public regard had no statistically significant links to other constructs. Findings suggest socially influenced racial identity holds links to mental health outcomes and social support.

A nanotecnologia surge como uma promessa revolucionária na economia mundial. Diversas discussões sobre os benefícios do controle de materiais em escala nanométrica estão acontecendo pelo mundo. No entanto, até que ponto essas promessas irão se tornar realidade? Grandes setores industriais têm investido em pesquisa em nanotecnologia com objetivo de criar produtos com funções nunca antes imaginadas. Do ponto de vista tecno-econômico, a nanotecnologia tem um grande potencial para empresas e para a sociedade. Disto surge uma questão importante: uma tecnologia emergente não teria impactos do ponto de vista social e ambiental a considerar? As lições dos casos com outras tecnologias como, por exemplo, o tema dos Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados, devem ser consideradas, e, por isso, as discussões sobre a nanotecnologia devem ocorrer em uma perspectiva mais ampla, além da perspectiva tecno-econômica. A consideração de múltiplas dimensões (tecnológica, econômica, social e ambiental) é muito importante para o desenvolvimento da tecnologia na economia atual. Neste sentido, esta tese utilizou uma pesquisa de campo com a seguinte configuração: uma pesquisa exploratória, caracterizada por entrevistas com quatro atores envolvidos no desenvolvimento da nanotecnologia, e uma segunda pesquisa exploratória somente com representantes do ator empresa; e a segunda foi uma pesquisa descritiva, caracterizada pela aplicação de uma survey entre pesquisadores do ator universidade e centro tecnológico. O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi propor um modelo multidimensional de análise de impactos de uma nova tecnologia, onde são analisadas as relações dos impactos entre quatro dimensões de análise. Os resultados se compõem da discussão dos elementos do modelo multidimensional de análise de uma nova tecnologia para o caso da nanotecnologia, onde se conclui que as novas dimensões, social e ambiental, são importantes para o devido desenvolvimento de uma nova tecnologia, mas não compreendidos pelos atores do atual cenário de desenvolvimento da nanotecnologia. / The nanotechnology emerges with the promise to revolutionize the world. There are many discussions about the “great” things that could be done from the control of material in the nanoscale. However, until what point all these promises will become reality? International big industries has invested in nano’s research with the goal of create unimaginable daily products. From the techno-economic point of view, the nanotechnology has a great potential for the enterprises and for the society. Nevertheless, the question that emerges is: an emergent technology like that won’t have also the impacts in the environmental and social points of view? The lessons of the OGM cases have to be taken into account, and for this, the nanotechnology discussions have to be done in a broader perspective, that only the techno-economic level. The consideration of these multiples dimensions (technologic, economic, social and environmental) is very important for the development of this technology in the economy. In this sense, this thesis is a result of two phases: first is qualitative, and characterized by the experts interviews; the second is quantitative, and characterized by a survey application for the nanobiotechnology network integrants. The main goal of this research is to propose a model to analyse the impacts from nanotechnology in a multidimensional framework including macroeconomic view and the relationships among different dimensions of impacts. As results it proposed a matrix of “impacts x actors” that allowed a better comprehension of the brazilian nanotechnology scenario (in the nanobiotecnology domain), and the an overview about the initial stage of nanotechnology development considering the potential impacts for future. The main finding is that environmental and social dimensions are strongly related to technological and economic dimensions and are very important to consider during the economic development path.

A nanotecnologia surge como uma promessa revolucionária na economia mundial. Diversas discussões sobre os benefícios do controle de materiais em escala nanométrica estão acontecendo pelo mundo. No entanto, até que ponto essas promessas irão se tornar realidade? Grandes setores industriais têm investido em pesquisa em nanotecnologia com objetivo de criar produtos com funções nunca antes imaginadas. Do ponto de vista tecno-econômico, a nanotecnologia tem um grande potencial para empresas e para a sociedade. Disto surge uma questão importante: uma tecnologia emergente não teria impactos do ponto de vista social e ambiental a considerar? As lições dos casos com outras tecnologias como, por exemplo, o tema dos Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados, devem ser consideradas, e, por isso, as discussões sobre a nanotecnologia devem ocorrer em uma perspectiva mais ampla, além da perspectiva tecno-econômica. A consideração de múltiplas dimensões (tecnológica, econômica, social e ambiental) é muito importante para o desenvolvimento da tecnologia na economia atual. Neste sentido, esta tese utilizou uma pesquisa de campo com a seguinte configuração: uma pesquisa exploratória, caracterizada por entrevistas com quatro atores envolvidos no desenvolvimento da nanotecnologia, e uma segunda pesquisa exploratória somente com representantes do ator empresa; e a segunda foi uma pesquisa descritiva, caracterizada pela aplicação de uma survey entre pesquisadores do ator universidade e centro tecnológico. O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi propor um modelo multidimensional de análise de impactos de uma nova tecnologia, onde são analisadas as relações dos impactos entre quatro dimensões de análise. Os resultados se compõem da discussão dos elementos do modelo multidimensional de análise de uma nova tecnologia para o caso da nanotecnologia, onde se conclui que as novas dimensões, social e ambiental, são importantes para o devido desenvolvimento de uma nova tecnologia, mas não compreendidos pelos atores do atual cenário de desenvolvimento da nanotecnologia. / The nanotechnology emerges with the promise to revolutionize the world. There are many discussions about the “great” things that could be done from the control of material in the nanoscale. However, until what point all these promises will become reality? International big industries has invested in nano’s research with the goal of create unimaginable daily products. From the techno-economic point of view, the nanotechnology has a great potential for the enterprises and for the society. Nevertheless, the question that emerges is: an emergent technology like that won’t have also the impacts in the environmental and social points of view? The lessons of the OGM cases have to be taken into account, and for this, the nanotechnology discussions have to be done in a broader perspective, that only the techno-economic level. The consideration of these multiples dimensions (technologic, economic, social and environmental) is very important for the development of this technology in the economy. In this sense, this thesis is a result of two phases: first is qualitative, and characterized by the experts interviews; the second is quantitative, and characterized by a survey application for the nanobiotechnology network integrants. The main goal of this research is to propose a model to analyse the impacts from nanotechnology in a multidimensional framework including macroeconomic view and the relationships among different dimensions of impacts. As results it proposed a matrix of “impacts x actors” that allowed a better comprehension of the brazilian nanotechnology scenario (in the nanobiotecnology domain), and the an overview about the initial stage of nanotechnology development considering the potential impacts for future. The main finding is that environmental and social dimensions are strongly related to technological and economic dimensions and are very important to consider during the economic development path.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1686552 bytes, checksum: f40328960349e1ad122981dffddc13a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Although leadership is a widely studied phenomenon by researchers in the social sciences, little is known about its effects in the sport context. Leadership has been neglected, especially in school sports. On the other hand, school sports have absorbed great investments to develop new athletes and promote the health of sport practitioners. In this context, the coach (leader) plays a key role, because his behavior influences, positively or negatively, the athletes' performance and psychological well-being. This study is based on the Multidimensional Model of Leadership, proposed by Chelladurai (1978, 2007), and had as its main objective to analyze the relationship between coaches' leadership and school athletes' satisfaction. The specific objectives were: (1) to make a descriptive and comparative study of coaches' leadership behavior and athletes' satisfaction; (2) to verify the correlation between the leadership perceived by the athletes and coaches self-perceived leadership; (3) to test the hypothesis of congruence of leadership with satisfaction and (4) to prepare an explanatory model of the athletes' satisfaction from the coach's leadership behavior. The sample consisted of 466 athletes with an average age of 16.16 (SD=0.79) and 57 coaches with an average age of 37.91 (SD = 9.52), participants of the 2012 National School Games, held by the organization of the Brazilian Olympic Committee. The athletes completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Leadership Scale in Sports (preference and perception versions) and the Athlete's Satisfaction Questionnaire (leadership version). The coaches, instead, completed the sociodemographic questionnaire the Leadership Scale in Sports (self-perception version). The analysis of internal consistency and factor analysis confirmed the psychometric validity of instruments. The intra- and inter-group comparisons (according to gender and modality type) showed differences in a few leadership and satisfaction dimensions. However, there was no difference between the responses of athletes and coaches, suggesting that there is an agreement on the behavior displayed by the coach. The results of the regression analysis partially support the hypothesis that the athletes' satisfaction is dependent on the congruence between athletes' preferred and perceived coaches. Lastly, the model developed shows three dimensions of the coach's leadership behavior as explanatory variables of the athletes' satisfaction. / Embora a liderança seja um fenômeno amplamente estudado pelos pesquisadores das ciências sociais, seus efeitos no contexto esportivo ainda são pouco conhecidos. Sobretudo, a liderança no esporte escolar tem sido negligenciada. Por outro lado, o esporte escolar tem absorvido grandes investimentos para desenvolver novos atletas e promover a saúde de seus praticantes. Nesse contexto, o treinador (líder) exerce um papel fundamental, pois o seu comportamento influencia, positiva ou negativamente, o desempenho e o bem estar psicológico dos atletas. O presente estudo é baseado no Modelo Multidimensional de Liderança, proposto por Chelladurai (1978, 2007), e teve como objetivo geral analisar a relação entre a liderança dos treinadores e a satisfação de atletas escolares. Os objetivos específicos foram: (1) fazer uma análise descritiva e comparativa do comportamento de liderança dos treinadores e da satisfação dos atletas; (2) verificar a concordância entre a liderança percebida pelos atletas e a autopercebida pelos treinadores; (3) testar a hipótese da congruência da liderança com a satisfação e (4) elaborar um modelo explicativo da satisfação dos atletas a partir do comportamento de liderança do treinador. A amostra foi composta por 466 atletas com idade média de 16,16 (DP = 0,79) e 57 treinadores com idade média de 37,91 (DP = 9,52), participantes da etapa nacional das Olimpíadas Escolares 2012, realizada sob a organização do Comitê Olímpico Brasileiro. Os atletas responderam um questionário sócio demográfico, a Escala de liderança no Esporte (versões preferência e percepção) e o Questionário de Satisfação do Atleta (versão liderança). Já os treinadores responderam um questionário sócio demográfico e a Escala de liderança no Esporte (versão autopercepção). A análise da consistência interna e análise fatorial confirmaram a validade psicométrica dos instrumentos. As comparações intra e intergrupos (de acordo com sexo e tipo de modalidade) demonstraram diferenças em algumas dimensões da liderança e da satisfação. Porém, não houve diferença entre as respostas dos atletas e dos treinadores, sugerindo que há concordância sobre o comportamento apresentado pelo treinador. Os resultados das análises de regressão suportam parcialmente a hipótese de que a satisfação dos atletas é dependente da congruência entre o comportamento do treinador percebido e preferido pelos atletas. Por fim, o modelo elaborado apresenta três dimensões do comportamento de liderança do treinador como variáveis explicativas da satisfação dos atletas.

The main aim of this diploma thesis is to propose for changes in the company information system. Document content is focuse on analyse, implementation and using data warehouse and usage advance to optimaze methods for achievement added value to users. The first part of this thesis is focused on choice of suitable concept of data warehouse, implementation and possible problems. In the second part, I compare assets of this system with costs for development and administration.

Data Mining and Data Warehousing are two hot topics in the database research area. Until recently, conventional data mining algorithms were primarily developed for a relational environment. But a data warehouse database is based on a multidimensional model. In our paper we apply this basis for a seamless integration of data mining in the multidimensional model for the example of discovering association rules. Furthermore, we propose this method as a userguided technique because of the clear structure both of model and data. We present both the theoretical basis and efficient algorithms for data mining in the multidimensional data model. Our approach uses directly the requirements of dimensions, classifications and sparsity of the cube. Additionally we give heuristics for optimizing the search for rules.