In the 21st century, international system has been ungoing rapid change in which every nation state intends to get better position to compete with other actors. It is no doubt that the United States reminded as a superpower during the Cold War era, even its position was secured until the end of Cold War. However, due to economic globalization and continous increase of cultural and social exchanges, states become more interdependent. Therefore, power politics and political powers had been forced to change. The most prominent case came from the European Union where the cross-nation cooperation reached not only in the area of economic and commerce, but also the interaction was heading towards higher level of political integration. The EU¡¦ s political power together with China¡¦ s influence, as well as Russia and Japan, will take the leading role in the global politics and balance off what was the U.S. long-defined international system. The strong powers as mentioned welcome and appreciate a multipolar system that helps to secure nation¡¦ s survival and interests, bringing nation¡¦ s power to the peak. This paper examines the foreign relations between China and the EU in light of transition in international system and interdependent theories. In doing so, the paper will also explore how the two strong actors interact from lower politics to higher politics such as political, strategic dialogue and cooperation.

La politique extérieure du Brésil de la première décennie du XXIe siècle a contribué à une projection internationale sans précédent du pays. La diplomatie brésilienne sous l’ère Lula a fait en sorte de combiner les relations traditionnelles Nord-Sud (axe vertical) avec les relations Sud-Sud (axe horizontal), dans le but d’affirmer la position du Brésil en tant qu’acteur global. La problématique que propose d’explorer le présent travail repose sur la question centrale de la multipolarité de l’ordre mondial à travers l’exemple de la projection internationale du Brésil. Cette thèse prétend présenter les grandes lignes de la diplomatie brésilienne sous les présidences de Lula (2003-2006 et 2007-2010), combinant une présentation de ses différentes initiatives sur la scène internationale et les facteurs déterminants de son action. L’objectif consistera à démontrer comment les axes diplomatiques adoptés par Lula ont pu contribuer à transformer son pays en un acteur de premier ordre reconnu du monde multipolaire qui se profile, et à le hisser dans le débat mondialisé. / During the past decade, Brazil has enjoyed the most important unprecedented international projection in all of its history, mainly due to the proactive diplomatic efforts of the Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's administration. Brazilian foreign policy was based on the construction of brazilian leadership in South America, combining the South-North relations (vertical axis) and South-South relations (horizontal axis) in order to convert Brazil into a global player. This thesis aims to explore the central issue of multipolarity in the international system through the example of the international insertion of Brazil. In this sense, this work aims to present the brazilian diplomacy during the two “Lula” presidential terms (2003-2006 and 2007-2010), analyzing its various initiatives on the international scene and the determinants of its action. The objective is to understand, according to the realistic theory of international relations, how diplomatic axes adopted by brazilian policymakers have contributed to transform their country into a leading player in the multipolar world and global debate.

This graduation thesis is trying to examine the work of the American political scientist Samuel P. Huntington and refers to his contribution to the historical sociology. This work presents the most important theses, sets them into the context, possibly compares them with ideas or works of another social scientists. The first part of the work deals with this author as a person, with his professional life and makes clear a selection of the studies, which forms a skeleton of this thesis. The work is trying to describe concepts, which are in some relation with social change. First of all it means modernization, democratization, civil-military relations, civilizations analysis, multiculturalism, crisis of democracy and crisis of american identity. The work follows the chronology, in which author's books were being out. This is a reason, why the themes are presented in order, in which Huntington was focusing on them. The chronological aspect falls back, when the themes are mentioned by author in another books. The end of the work points out the contribution of Samuel Huntington to the historical sociology and in general adverts to importance of his work. Keywords: civil-military relations, modernization, democratization, civilization, identity, political order, multiculturalism, uni-multipolar system, islam