No description available.

Edible mushroom production has two different stages: the vegetative stage and the fruiting stage. The vegetative phase is performed in a biotechnology laboratory and covers the technique for obtaining “spawns”, which parameters include the multiplication and reproduction of the mycelium. The fruiting phase begins with the appearance of edible mushrooms and includes everything that occurs outside the laboratory. In our country, production of edible mushrooms is limited and generally unknown. So, in this study, the vegetative phase was divided into two stages and conducted in the laboratory. Stage 1: We inoculated spores and implants of the edible mushroom species Agaricus in three synthetic growth mediums: PDA (Potato-Dextrose-Agar), PDY (Potato-Dextrose-Yeast), and MEA (Barley-Biphosphate Potassium-Agar). These were incubated in different growth chambers at three different temperatures (17ºC, 20ºC, and 25ºC). The best mushroom development in terms of micellar growth was obtained in the PDA growth medium. The temperature that contributed most favorably to this development was 17ºC. Stage 2: We re-inoculated implants from the crops of the previous step in four natural substrates (brown rice, barley creole, brown rice combined with horse manure, barley combined with horse manure) and incubated them in growth chambers at three different temperatures. It was observed that the best micellar growth occurred in the natural substrate containing barley creole. Also, the most effective incubation temperature was 20ºC. Thus, we established that the barley grains sold in our city work well as a cheap natural substrate to propagate and produce edible mushroom “seed” of the Agaricus species at a temperature of 20ºC.

No description available.

by Ng Tak Pan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-168). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter One --- Literature Review / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Nutraceutical and Medicinal Properties of L. edodes --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Nutritional value --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Hypocholesterolaemic Effect --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Anti-tumor Effect --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Anti-viral Effect --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Immunopotentiating Effect --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Life cycle of L. edodes --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Environmental factors affecting mycelial growth and fruit body --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Nutrient requirement --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Physical and chemical factors --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5 --- Molecular studies on mushroom development --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Mating-type genes --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Hydrophobins --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Fruiting regulatory genes --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Molecular studies on fruit body development of I. edodes --- p.24 / Chapter 1.5.4.1 --- Identification of L. edodes genes --- p.24 / Chapter 1.5.4.2 --- Functional characterization of L. edodes genes --- p.27 / Chapter 1.5.4.3 --- Transformation in L. edodes --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) of L. edodes / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Generation of expressed sequence tag --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Mushroom cultivation and RNA extraction --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Construction of primordium cDNA library --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Mass excision of pBK-CMV plasmid --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Random screening of mass excised cDNA clone --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- Isolation of recombinant plasmid --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.1.6 --- Generation of 3´ة end partially sequence --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.1.7 --- Sequence analysis --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Reverse dot-blot Hybridization --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- PCR amplification of cDNA clone --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Membrane preparation --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- cDNA probe preparation --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Hybridization --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Stringent washing and autoradiography --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Construction of primordium cDNA library --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Screening of recombinant clone --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Isolation and reconfirmation of recombinant plasmid --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Generation of EST --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- EST identity --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Reverse dot-blot hybridization --- p.56 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Analysis of hybridization signal --- p.60 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.71 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Sequence Analysis and Transcriptional Profiling of Genes Encoding GTP-binding Proteins / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.82 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sequence manipulation --- p.82 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Northern blot hybridization --- p.82 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- RNA fragmentation by formaldehyde gel electrophoresis --- p.82 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- RNA fixation by capillary method --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Probe preparation --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.2.4 --- Hybridization --- p.85 / Chapter 3.2.2.5 --- Stringent washing and autoradiography --- p.85 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Real-Time SYBR Green RT-PCR --- p.85 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Primer design --- p.85 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- RT-PCR reaction --- p.86 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.88 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Sequence manipulation --- p.88 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Transcriptional analysis --- p.103 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.108 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Heterotrimeric G proteins --- p.108 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Ras-related protein Rab7 --- p.112 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein --- p.113 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Yeast Complementation and Over-expression tests of Le.Gβ1 and Le.Gγ1 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.115 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.120 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- "Yeast strains, media and yeast vectors" --- p.120 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Primer design --- p.121 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- RT-PCR Amplification of Le.Gβ1 and Le.Gγ1 --- p.121 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Purification of PCR products --- p.122 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Enzymatic digestion and purification --- p.122 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Ligation and E. coli transformation --- p.122 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- PCR screening of E. coli transformants --- p.124 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Plasmids extraction --- p.124 / Chapter 4.2.9 --- Yeast transformation --- p.124 / Chapter 4.2.10 --- Mating test --- p.125 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.129 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Cloning of Le.Gβ1 and Le.Gγ1 --- p.129 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Yeast transformation --- p.129 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Mating test --- p.130 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.141 / Chapter Chapter Five --- General Discussion --- p.144 / References --- p.151

Backrounds: Former Czechoslovakia was known for the studies of halucinogens and their use in cure in psychiatric care. In the last couple of years LSD and other halucinogens have been coming to renaissance again. Nowadays researchers are returning to these theories and they are trying to follow these studies. In the Czech Republic according to studies conducted in 2002, 2004 and 2008, there was an increase in the use of all drugs in general population. For example there was an increase of 2.5 times more of use between 2002 and 2008 (from 2.2% to 5.6%). The same increase showed the use of halucinogen mushrooms that were monitored only in 2004 and 2008. Objectives: The main point of the whole research was to map aspects and patterns of the use of magic mushrooms and LSD and monitor the outcome on these patients, also monitor their physical and psychiatric problems. The study monitors how each person deals with their use and solutions that can be used in prevention with patients especially among growing population are tried to be found. Methods and research group: The research was conducted in polystructured form of an interview with 34 patients in hospital in Dobrany (34 men and 3 women) who had had at least one piece of experience with the use of magic mushrooms or LSD and were willing for the...

A produção e o consumo de cogumelos comestíveis têm gradualmente aumentado nos últimos anos, em função de sua composição nutricional aliada à qualidade sensorial dos frutos. A radiação ionizante vem sendo estudada em cogumelos frescos, visando manter as características do produto e aumentar sua vida útil. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de radiação gama aplicada em cogumelos Pleurotus sajor-caju in natura, por meio de parâmetros físicos, químicos, microbiológicos e sensoriais. O acondicionamento foi realizado em bandejas de poliestireno com 250 g de amostra, envoltos em filme de cloreto de polivinila (PVC). Os cogumelos foram irradiados com doses de 125, 250, 500, 750 Gy e armazenados a 4±1ºC e 90% UR durante 10 dias. Foi determinada a composição centesimal (umidade, fibra bruta, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e cinzas), sólidos solúveis (SS), pH, textura, cor (L, a*, b*, Croma e ho), atividade enzimática (peroxidase e polifenoloxidase), análise microbiológica (coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e psicrotróficos) e sensorial (cor, aroma e aparência geral) no 1o, 5o e 10o dias de armazenamento. Para a determinação da atividade respiratória, 30 g de amostra foram acondicionadas em frascos de vidro e armazenadas a 4±1ºC e 90% UR durante 8 dias, com leituras realizadas em cromatógrafo gasoso a cada 24 horas durante o período de armazenamento. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de média, utilizando-se o pacote estatístico SAS. Os valores de proteína e extrato etéreo não diferiram significativamente entre os tratamentos ou períodos de armazenamento, enquanto que a umidade, fibra e cinzas dos cogumelos apresentaram variações estatísticas em função da dose aplicada ou do período de avaliação. As amostras irradiadas com 750 Gy apresentaram escurecimento significativo em relação aos demais tratamentos, e a textura foi mantida no controle durante o experimento. Ocorreu um aumento significativo nos valores de SS, b* e atividade enzimática em todos os tratamentos no final do período de armazenamento. A dose de 250 Gy promoveu o aumento da atividade da polifenoloxidase e peroxidase no último dia de avaliação. Este fato pode ter ocorrido em função do processo de radiólise da água, uma vez que os cogumelos apresentam elevada umidade. A taxa de respiração das amostras irradiadas com 125 Gy foi superior até o 5o dia de armazenamento em comparação aos demais tratamentos, causando redução na vida útil do produto. As amostras irradiadas com 250, 500 e 750 Gy tiveram sua atividade respiratória reduzida em relação ao controle, contribuindo para a manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita durante o armazenamento. As amostras que receberam a dose de 750 Gy obtiveram os melhores resultados nas análises microbiológicas, com a redução de coliformes totais e psicrotróficos durante o período de armazenamento. O controle apresentou os melhores resultados para os atributos aroma, cor e aparência geral, obtendo notas acima do limite de aceitabilidade até o último dia de armazenamento. De maneira geral, as amostras irradiadas foram aceitas para os atributos avaliados até o 5o dia de armazenamento, podendo-se estabelecer, desta forma, a vida útil dos cogumelos irradiados / The production and consumption of edible mushrooms has been increasing in the last years due to its nutritional composition and sensory quality. The irradiation of mushrooms has been used with the purpose of maintaining the fresh product characteristics during shelf-life. The present study evaluated the effect of different radiation doses on the conservation of mushrooms Pleurotus sajor-caju, through by chemical, physical, microbiological and sensorial parameters. The packaging consisted on polystyrene trays with 250 g of sample, wrapped in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The mushrooms were irradiated with doses of 125, 250, 500 and 750 Gy in a Gammacell 220 type irradiator, and stored at 4±1ºC and 90% UR for 10 days. The proximate composition (moisture, crude fibre, total protein, total fat and ash), total soluble solids, pH, texture, color (L, a*, b*, Chroma and ho), enzymatic activity (polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase), microbiological (total coliform, Escherichia coli and total psychotropic bacteria) and sensory evaluation (color, taste and appearance) were determined in the 1st, 5th and 10th storage days. For the respiratory rate analysis, 30 g of sample were placed in jars and stored at 4±1ºC and 90% UR for 8 days. CO2 was analyzed every day using a gaseous chromatographer. The results were submitted to variance analysis and average test using the SAS statistical package. The total protein and total fat values did not differ significantly between treatments or storage periods, while the moisture, crude fibre and ash values differ between treatments and periods. The dose of 750 Gy darkness the mushroom in the last evaluation, and texture was better in control during the storage period. The color (L, a*), texture and proximate composition values did not differ significantly between treatments or storage periods. A significant increase was observed for soluble solids, b* and enzymatic activity values in all treatments at the end of the storage period. Values of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities increased in the last day of evaluation in samples irradiated with 250 Gy. This fact may be a result of the water radiolysis process, since mushrooms have high water content. The dose of 125 Gy increased the respiratory rate of the samples until the 5th storage day in comparison to the other treatments, causing reduction in the product shelf-life. The samples irradiated with 250, 500 and 750 Gy had a reduction on the respiratory rate if compared with the control, so contributing to the maintenance of the postharvest quality during the storage. The samples which received 750 Gy obtained the best results in the microbiological analyses, with reduction of total coliform and psychotropic bacteria during the storage period. Sensory analyses showed that the control had higher scores for color, aroma and appearance attributes; they were above the acceptability limit until the last storage day. In general, the irradiated samples were accepted for the evaluated attributes until the 5th storage day; thus, establishing the shelf-life for irradiated mushrooms

A torta de caroço de algodão (TCA) é um coproduto gerado após a extração de óleo desta oleaginosa, que tem sido utilizada como uma das matérias-primas para a produção de biodiesel. O uso de TCA na nutrição animal é restrito, sendo mais utilizado em ruminantes, em função da elevada concentração do fator antinutricional e tóxico, gossipol. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de alguns macrofungos em degradar o gossipol na forma livre, utilizando TCA como substrato após serem esterilizadas por autoclavagem. Trinta e cinco macrofungos foram avaliados quanto asua capacidade de crescimento em meio à base de TCA e redução dos teores de gossipol livre (GL). Treze macrofungos apresentaram capacidade de crescimento micelial em meios de cultura contendo TCA+Agar (placas) ou apenas TCA (frascos de vidro) como fonte nutritiva. Os seis macrofungos com melhor desempenho de crescimento foram avaliados quanto à capacidade degradação do GL em sistema de cultivo por fermentação estado solido (FES). O processo de esterilização por calor úmido (autoclavagem) do TCAapresentou degradação significativa do gossipol, entretanto há níveis consideráveis de GL residual na biomassa.Os seis macrofungos apresentaram capacidade de reduzir até 90% do valor residual de GL após a autoclavagem das TCAs. O Pleutotus ostreatus CC389 foi escolhido dentre os seis macrofungos para realização das atividades para determinação de eficiência biológica e produtividadede cogumelos comestíveis. Também foram feitas análises das atividades enzimáticas e degradação do GL, nas biomassas pós-colheita dos cogumelos (SMS, spent mushrom substrate). O P. ostreatus CC389 quando cultivado em TCA como substrato por 20 dias secretou enzimas lignolíticas como lacase (até 166,67 UI/mL) e manganês peroxidase (até 12,81 UI/mL). Também degradou o GL residual em até 94% ao final dosvinte dias de cultivo. A atividade de manganês peroxidase apresentou correlação coma degradação de GL. A produtividade de cogumelos de P. ostreatus CC389 foi de aproximadamente 20% em quatro formulações de substratos preparados a base de TCA (70%) e 30% de outras fontes de biomassas vegetais (lignocelulósicos). A eficiência biológica foi maior na combinação de TCA com serragem de eucalipto (acima de 67%). Os SMSs e os cogumelos obtidos ao final do sistema de cultivo de P. ostreatusCC389 nas diferentes formulações apresentaram redução de GL acima de 99%. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios com P. ostreatus CC 389 para degradação de GL presentes em TCA e quando enriquecidas com outras fontes lignocelulosicas poderão servir de elo para integração de cadeias produtivas de biocombustíveis (biodiesel), fungicultura (cogumelos comestíveis) e nutrição animal (insumos – enzimas, bioativos, fontes nutricionais – proteína bruta). / Cotton seed cake (TCA, in Portuguese) is a coproduct obtained after the extraction of cottonseed oil, which has been used as one of the raw materials for biodiesel production. TCA is restricted for animal nutrition, being more used for ruminants, due to the high concentration of the antinutritional and toxic factor, gossypol. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ability of some macrofungi species to degrade free gossypol using TCA as substrates after being sterilized by autoclaving process. Thirty-five macrofungi were evaluated for their growth capacity in medium containing TCA and reduction of free gossypol (GL, in Portuguese). Thirteen macrofungus presented mycelial growth capacity in culture media containing TCA+Agar (Petri plates) or only in TCA (glass bottles) as nutritional source. Six macrofungus with best growth performance were selected and evaluated for GL degradation capacity during solid state fermentation (FES, in Portuguese) system.The humid heat sterilization (autoclaving) of the TCA showed significant degradation of free gossypol, however, there were still considerable levels of residual GL in the biomass. The six macrofungus presented capacity to reduce up to 90% of the residual value of GL in autoclaved TCA. Pleurotus ostreatus CC389 was chosen from among the six macrofungus to determination of biological efficiency and productivity of edible mushrooms. It was also analyzed the enzymatic activities and degradation of GL in post-harvested mushroom biomass (SMS, Spent Mushroom Substrate). P. ostreatus CC389, when cultured in TCA as a substrate for 20 days, secreted lignolytic enzymes such as laccase (up to 166.67 IU/mL) and manganese peroxidase (up to 12.81 IU/mL). It also degraded the residual GL by up to 94% at the end of the cultivation period. The activity of manganese peroxidase showed correlation with the degradation of GL. Mushroom productivity of P. ostreatus CC389 was approximately 20% in four different substrate formulations based on TCA (70%) mixed with 30% of different lignocellulosic biomass sources. The biological efficiency was higher when P. ostreatus CC389 was cultured in substrate containing TCA and eucalyptus sawdust (up to 67%). The SMS and the mushrooms obtained at the end of the P. ostreatus CC389 cultivation in the different formulations presented reduction of GL up to 99%. The results obtained with P. ostreatus CC 389 assays for degradation of GL in TCA and when enriched with other lignocellulosic biomass sources could represent an interesting link for the integration of biofuels (biodiesel), fungiculture (edible mushrooms) and animal nutrition (inputs - enzymes, bioactive molecules, nutritional sources - crude protein) production chains.

by Cheung Pui Yi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-135). / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.ix / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- General Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Occurrence and Structure of Cellulose --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Occurrence and Structure of Hemicelluloses --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Biodegradation of Cellulose and Hemicelluloses --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Microorganisms --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Enzymes Involved in Cellulose Degradation --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- "Endo-1,4-β-glucanases" --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- "Exo-1,4-β-glucanases" --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.2.3 --- β-Glucosidases --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.2.4 --- Oxidative Enzymes --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Synergistic Action between Cellulolytic Enzymes --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Enzymes Involved in Hemicellulose Degradation --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- "Endo-1,4-β-xylanases" --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- β-Xylosidases --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.4.3 --- Other Xylanolytic Enzymes --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- Synergistic Action between Hemicellulolytic Enzymes --- p.25 / Chapter 1.5 --- Flammulina velutipes --- p.26 / Chapter 1.6 --- Aims of the Present Investigation --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Organism --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2 --- Culture Medium --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Determination of the Optimal Growth pH of Flammulina velutipes --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4 --- "Preparation of Inoculum, Cultivation and Harvest of Fungal Cultures" --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5 --- Enzyme Assays --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- "Exo-1,4-β-glucanase" --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- "Endo-1,4-β-glucanase" --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- "Endo-1,4-β-xylanase" --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Extracellular β-Glucosidase --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Cell-Associated β-Glucosidase --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5.6 --- Extracellular β-Xylosidase --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5.7 --- Cell-Associated β-Xylosidase --- p.38 / Chapter 2.6 --- Determination of Optimal Temperatures for Cellulolytic and Xylanolytic Enzymes --- p.39 / Chapter 2.7 --- Determination of the Optimal pH for Enzyme Reaction --- p.39 / Chapter 2.8 --- Protein Determination --- p.39 / Chapter 2.9 --- Determination of Enzyme Induction Patterns --- p.42 / Chapter 2.10 --- Elucidation of Cellulase Production Patterns in F. velutipes --- p.43 / Chapter 2.10.1 --- Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.10.2 --- Activity Staining for Endoglucanases --- p.43 / Chapter 2.10.3 --- Activity Staining for β-Glucosidases --- p.44 / Chapter 2.10.4 --- Protein Staining --- p.44 / Chapter 2.10.5 --- Preparative Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis --- p.44 / Chapter 2.10.6 --- Separation of Proteins and Partial Purification of Different Cellulase Species after Preparative Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Determination of the Optimal pH for Fungal Growth --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2 --- Determination of the Optimal Temperature for Cellulolytic and Xylanolytic Enzyme Activity --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3 --- Determination of the Optimal pH for Enzyme Reaction --- p.64 / Chapter 3.4 --- Time Course Experiments on the Production of Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Enzymes --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Production of Hemicellulolytic Enzymes --- p.77 / Chapter 3.5 --- Determination of Enzyme Induction Patterns --- p.82 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Induction of Exoglucanase Production --- p.82 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Induction of Endoglucanase Production --- p.84 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Induction of Extracellular β-Glucosidase Production --- p.86 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Induction of β-Xylanase Production --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Induction of Extracellular β-Xylosidase Production --- p.90 / Chapter 3.5.6 --- Changes in Extracellular Protein Levels in DMS Media Supplemented with Different Substrates --- p.92 / Chapter 3.5.7 --- Changes in Reducing Sugar Levels in DMS Media Supplemented with Different Substrates --- p.94 / Chapter 3.6 --- Partial Purification of Different Cellulases Species Produced by Flammulina velutipes --- p.96 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis --- p.96 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Activity Staining for Endoglucanases --- p.96 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Activity Staining for β-Glucosidases --- p.96 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Assay of Cellulolytic Enzymes after Preparative Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis --- p.101 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Optimal Conditions for Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Enzymes of F. velutipes --- p.105 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Optimal Temperature for Enzymic Reaction --- p.105 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Optimal pH for Enzymic Reaction --- p.106 / Chapter 4.2 --- Production of Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Enzymes --- p.109 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes --- p.109 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Production of Hemicellulolytic Enzymes --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3 --- Enzyme Induction Patterns --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4 --- Partial Purification of Different Cellulase Species Produced by Flammulina velutipes --- p.116 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.121 / Chapter 4.6 --- Further Studies --- p.123 / List of References --- p.124

by Joyce Chui Kwan Ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-75). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / List of Abbreviations --- p.iii / Abstract / English --- p.1 / Chinese --- p.2 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Tumor Formation --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Anti-tumor Pathways --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Aim of Project --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- The In Vivo effect of Polysaccharopeptide / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Cytotoxicity / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Anti-angiogenic Effect / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.35 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.39 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.42 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Immunomodulation / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.45 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.47 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.50 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- General Discussion --- p.57 / References --- p.61

Pan, Wenliang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-163). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.