"Patterns are proven solutions to recurring design problems." In der Literatur sind inzwischen zahlreiche Muster dokumentiert. Es ist offensichtlich, daß eine rein sequentielle Suche in dieser Mustermenge nicht effizient ist. Vielmehr wird ein Ordnungssystem benötigt, um für spezifische Problemstellungen geeignete Muster wiederaufzufinden. In dem Beitrag werden zunächst Anforderungen an ein Ordnungssystem für Muster entwickelt. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrages werden verschiedene Ordnungssysteme für Muster vorgestellt. Der dritte Teil des Beitrages bewertet die beschriebenen Ordnungssysteme im Hinblick auf die zuvor erarbeiteten Anforderungen. Abgeschlossen wird der Beitrag mit Überlegungen, wie ein leistungsfähiges Ordnungssystem für Muster ausgestaltet sein könnte.

The thesis presents a model, suitable for the design of any type of qualification in integrative eGovernment education. The integrative approach combines education of adult learners and students and promotes international cooperation.

The thesis presents a model, suitable for the design of any type of qualification in integrative eGovernment education. The integrative approach combines education of adult learners and students and promotes international cooperation.

The Data Web has undergone a tremendous growth period. It currently consists of more then 3300 publicly available knowledge bases describing millions of resources from various domains, such as life sciences, government or geography, with over 89 billion facts. In the same way, the Document Web grew to the state where approximately 4.55 billion websites exist, 300 million photos are uploaded on Facebook as well as 3.5 billion Google searches are performed on average every day. However, there is a gap between the Document Web and the Data Web, since for example knowledge bases available on the Data Web are most commonly extracted from structured or semi-structured sources, but the majority of information available on the Web is contained in unstructured sources such as news articles, blog post, photos, forum discussions, etc. As a result, data on the Data Web not only misses a significant fragment of information but also suffers from a lack of actuality since typical extraction methods are time-consuming and can only be carried out periodically. Furthermore, provenance information is rarely taken into consideration and therefore gets lost in the transformation process. In addition, users are accustomed to entering keyword queries to satisfy their information needs. With the availability of machine-readable knowledge bases, lay users could be empowered to issue more specific questions and get more precise answers. In this thesis, we address the problem of Relation Extraction, one of the key challenges pertaining to closing the gap between the Document Web and the Data Web by four means. First, we present a distant supervision approach that allows finding multilingual natural language representations of formal relations already contained in the Data Web. We use these natural language representations to find sentences on the Document Web that contain unseen instances of this relation between two entities. Second, we address the problem of data actuality by presenting a real-time data stream RDF extraction framework and utilize this framework to extract RDF from RSS news feeds. Third, we present a novel fact validation algorithm, based on natural language representations, able to not only verify or falsify a given triple, but also to find trustworthy sources for it on the Web and estimating a time scope in which the triple holds true. The features used by this algorithm to determine if a website is indeed trustworthy are used as provenance information and therewith help to create metadata for facts in the Data Web. Finally, we present a question answering system that uses the natural language representations to map natural language question to formal SPARQL queries, allowing lay users to make use of the large amounts of data available on the Data Web to satisfy their information need.

Ausgehend von den Erfordernissen zur Einführung eines Produktkonfigurators wird ein ganzheitlicher Einführungsprozess skizziert und durch einen Pattern-Ansatz unterstützt.

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Der Beitrag geht Beschreibungen von Situationen, insbesondere Modulationen, in der theoretischen Literatur des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts nach, in denen rein intervallische Muster wie chromatische Linien oder symmetrisch divergierende oder konvergierende chromatische Linien als unterstützend oder kollidierend mit standardisierten Kadenzmodellen angesehen werden. / The paper pursues descriptions in the theoretical literature of the 18th and 19th centuries of situations, particularly modulations, where purely intervallic patterns such as chromatic lines or symmetrically diverging or converging chromatic lines, are seen to support, or collide with standardised cadential models.

Mit der steigenden Verbreitung virtueller Unternehmensformen spielen auch verschiedene rechtliche Fragestellungen eine zunehmend wichtigere Rolle. Mit am wichtigsten ist dabei die Frage nach der Gesellschaftsform, da sich daraus einige weitere Punkte, wie z.B. die Haftung, ergeben. Im Rahmen des Projektes OPTIMA (Optimierte Arbeitsorganisation für virtuelle Dienstleistungsorganisationen) konnten das Fraunhofer Institut für Arbeitswirtschaft und Organisation zusammen mit einem Rechtsanwalt und einem Steuerberater zu diesem Themenkomplex Lösungsansätze erarbeiten. Dieser Beitrag schildert die typischen Problemstellungen bei Netzwerken insbes. kleiner Dienstleistungsunternehmen und zeigt an dem erarbeiteten Muster-Gesellschaftsvertrag mögliche Lösungen auf.

Pattern matching is a well-established concept in the functional programming community. It provides the means for concisely identifying and destructuring values of interest. This enables a clean separation of data structures and respective functionality, as well as dispatching functionality based on more than a single value. Unfortunately, expressive pattern matching facilities are seldomly incorporated in present object-oriented programming languages. We present a seamless integration of pattern matching facilities in an object-oriented and dynamically typed programming language: Newspeak. We describe language extensions to improve the practicability and integrate our additions with the existing programming environment for Newspeak. This report is based on the first author’s master’s thesis.

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