Orientador: Oswaldo Luiz Alves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T15:38:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Holtz_RaphaelDias_D.pdf: 5088635 bytes, checksum: d278014c22731df6df2370e7da3785ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas nanoestruturas de vanadatos de prata, de cério e de bismuto e investigadas as suas propriedades antibacterianas. Tais nanoestruturas foram sintetizadas a partir de reações de precipitação entre o vanadato de amônio e os nitratos ou cloretos dos metais correspondentes, sendo posteriormente realizados tratamentos hidrotérmicos em autoclaves providas de agitadores mecânicos e medidores de pressão e de temperatura do meio reacional. Os materiais foram caracterizados por diversas técnicas de caracterização físico-química e morfológica, sendo sua atividade antibacteriana avaliada frente às cepas de bactérias Gram-Positivas e Gram-Negativas de interesse, incluindo cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina e Enterococcus resistente à vancomicina. Foi observado que o vanadato de prata apresentou uma elevada atividade antibacteriana contra diversas cepas bacterianas. O elevado potencial antibacteriano do vanadato de prata despertou o interesse em avaliar a sua utilização como aditivo antibacteriano em uma tinta comercial à base de água. Os resultados de sua adição foram promissores uma vez que foram observados halos de inibição do crescimento bacteriano. Esses resultados levantaram questionamentos importantes acerca do seu comportamento frente à microorganismos aquáticos, uma vez que existe a possibilidade de, no futuro, este material ser utilizado comercialmente como aditivo antibacteriano para tintas e revestimentos. Foram realizados experimentos de toxicidade aguda frente ao microcrustáceo Daphnia similis, sendo que os valores de CE50 foram próximos aos valores apresentados para os compostos de prata / Abstract; In this work we report the development and characterization of silver-, cerium- and bismuth vanadate nanostructures as well as their antibacterial activity. These nanostructures were synthesized from simple precipitation reaction between ammonium vanadate and nitrates/chlorides of the corresponding metals. The obtained precipitates were treated by hydrothermal process in autoclaves with pressure and temperature gauges and under mechanical stirring. These nanomaterials were characterized by several physico-chemical techniques and morphological characterization, and their antibacterial activities were evaluated against several strains of Gram-positive and Gram-Negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). We observed that nanostructured silver vanadate presented a high antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria. These results stimulated the evaluation of silver vanadate nanostructures as a potential antibacterial additive to commercial water-based paint. It was observed a zone of bacterial growth inhibition against MRSA. The possible use of this material as an additive to water-based paints lead us to investigate the toxicity of this material against aquatic microorganisms, once this material can be commercial used in future as antibacterial additive to paints and coatings. Acute toxicity assays against Daphnia similis showed that EC50 value was close to that observed in silver-based compounds / Doutorado / Quimica Inorganica / Doutor em Ciências

La pollution des eaux par des composés organiques constitue un problème mondial majeur. Parmi cescomposés, les molécules aromatiques de faibles masses molaires constituent une famille largementrependue dont la toxicité et la cancérogénicité est avérée et bien documentée. La Directive-CadreEuropéenne sur l’eau (2000/60/EC, 2006/118/EC and 2006/11/EC) établit des normes de qualitéenvironnementales ayant pour objectif d’améliorer la qualité des eaux. Dans ce contexte, ledéveloppement d’outils analytiques robustes, permettant de détecter et de quantifier précisément et insitula présence de polluants dans les eaux est d’une importante primordiale. L’objectif principal de cetteétude est l’élaboration de nanocapteurs sensibles, robustes et réutilisables, permettant l’analyse depolluants organiques dans les eaux grâce à la Spectroscopie Raman Exaltée de Surface (SERS).Tout d’abord, une attention particulière a été portée à la sélection des récepteurs et des différentesstratégies de fonctionnalisation permettant d’élaborer un nanocapteur SERS capable de pré-concentrerles polluants visés. L’utilisation d’antigènes et de fragments d’antigènes (F(ab)2) a montré des résultatsprometteurs pour l’élaboration de nanocapteurs très sélectifs. Une seconde approche basée surl’utilisation de cavitants ou molécules hôtes, telles que les cyclodextrines (CDs), a été développée. Lapré-concentration sélective des polluants grâce à leur taille a été démontrée par spectroscopie Raman etSERS. Enfin, grâce à la possibilité d’identification moléculaire en milieu complexe offerte par laspectroscopie SERS, une approche permettant une pré-concentration non spécifique des polluants a étédéveloppée. Pour ce faire, différents sels de diazoniums (DSs) ont été synthétisés et greffés à la surfacedes nanocapteurs afin de créer une couche hydrophobe permettant la pré-concentration et la détection decomposés apolaires. Les performances de ces nano-capteurs ont été démontrées pour la détection de plusieurs PAHs apolaires. / Environmental water pollution by organic compounds is in continues worldwide concern. Low molecular mass aromatic molecules consisting in benzene rings have received considerable attention due to a documented significant toxicity and carcinogenicity. Within the objectives of the European Water Framework Directives (2000/60/EC, 2006/118/EC and 2006/11/EC) aiming in water quality improvement, the development of analytical tools allowing in-situ accurate and sensitive detection is of primary importance and would be a meaningful innovation. With this regard, the main scope of this study was to design sensitive, reproducible, specific and reusable nanosensor for the detection of organic pollutants in environmental waters using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS).During this study the main attention was paid to the selection of suitable receptors and strategies for SERS nanosensor surface functionalisation in order to preconcentrate targeted pollutants. The application of antibodies and antigen binding fragments (F(ab)2) for surface decoration was found to be promising approach for highly selective nanosensor design. Another strategy exploited during this study was related with an application of cyclodextrins (CDs). Using Raman and SERS spectroscopies the size selective encapsulation of analytes was demonstrated. Finally, taking advantage of molecular identification in the complex environments offered by SERS technique, nanosensors providing non-specific molecular pre-concentration was considered. For this purpose several diazonium salts (DSs) were studied and applied to the surface functionalisation to create highly hydrophobic coating layer. The performance of such nanosensor was evaluated by detection of aromatic pollutants.