Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

M.S.

The possibility that the biological phosphorus removal mechanism can be inhibited in a continuous flow process by acetic acid passing through into the anoxic and aerobic zones of the reactor was investigated. The objectives of the research were to determine the amenability of a wastewater from the Hoescht Celanese Celco Plant in Narrows, Virginia to the biological phosphorus removal process. The wastewater from the Celco plant is very high in both phosphorus and acetic acid, which is the volatile fatty acid known to be a preferred substrate for the biological phosphorus removal process. However, past research indicated that the wastewater was not amenable to the biological phosphorus removal process; therefore, studies were established to determine at what point and for what reason the biological phosphorus removal process fails. In particular the occurrence of acetic acid “breakthrough" was investigated by operating a parallel control reactor treating a municipal sewage and acetate combination. Results of the research project indicated that the Celco wastewater caused the biological phosphorus removal process to fail at acetic acid and COD concentrations lower than those causing failure in the wastewater consisting of municipal sewage and acetate only. This led to the conclusion that the Celco wastewater contains a biologically inhibitory constituent which causes the biological phosphorus removal mechanism to fail. In addition, the reactor treating a combination of municipal sewage and acetate failed to remove phosphorus biologically at acetate concentrations of 800 mg/L. At this point, the acetate began to pass through into the anoxic and aerobic zones, respectively, causing the biological phosphorus removal mechanism to fail. / Master of Science

Recent archaeological surveys on Peter Pond Lake have provided an opportunity to better elucidate the Late Woodland period of occupation in the upper Churchill River basin of northwestern Saskatchewan. Previous studies identified two pottery-bearing cultures in the region. This included the Kisis complex of the well-documented Selkirk composite, which is characterized by Winnipeg Fabric-impressed ware and dates from approximately A.D. 1300 through to the historic period. The second was a lesser-known archaeological entity represented by limited pottery recoveries from just two sites in the region. Early interpretations proposed this latter Narrows pottery represented an incursion of the plains adapted Old Womens phase into the region, with a suggested age of approximately A.D. 1000 to 1300. <p> Through a comprehensive analysis of pottery assemblages recently recovered from over twenty sites in the Peter Pond Lake region, this study was able to further validate the original description of the Kisis complex, but more significantly, propose a new pottery ware and complex for the enigmatic Narrows pottery assemblages. As a result, this pottery is now formally classified as Narrows Fabric-impressed ware and is considered characteristic of the Buffalo Lake complex. This complex is centered on Peter Pond Lake and appears to have an extensive presence in the region. Recently obtained radiocarbon dates indicate it is slightly younger than originally believed, and spanned from approximately A.D 1200 to 1500. Unlike previous interpretations, which suggest this pottery represents a plains influence in the region, the Buffalo Lake complex is considered a boreal forest manifestation, with origins that lie in the woodlands to the southeast. The pottery shares particular affinities with contemporaneous Sandy Lake ware that has a distribution extending from east-central Saskatchewan through to northwestern Ontario and Minnesota, with additional influences evident from Winnipeg Fabric-impressed ware found throughout northern Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario.

Recent archaeological surveys on Peter Pond Lake have provided an opportunity to better elucidate the Late Woodland period of occupation in the upper Churchill River basin of northwestern Saskatchewan. Previous studies identified two pottery-bearing cultures in the region. This included the Kisis complex of the well-documented Selkirk composite, which is characterized by Winnipeg Fabric-impressed ware and dates from approximately A.D. 1300 through to the historic period. The second was a lesser-known archaeological entity represented by limited pottery recoveries from just two sites in the region. Early interpretations proposed this latter "Narrows" pottery represented an incursion of the plains adapted Old Women's phase into the region, with a suggested age of approximately A.D. 1000 to 1300. <p> Through a comprehensive analysis of pottery assemblages recently recovered from over twenty sites in the Peter Pond Lake region, this study was able to further validate the original description of the Kisis complex, but more significantly, propose a new pottery ware and complex for the enigmatic Narrows pottery assemblages. As a result, this pottery is now formally classified as Narrows Fabric-impressed ware and is considered characteristic of the Buffalo Lake complex. This complex is centered on Peter Pond Lake and appears to have an extensive presence in the region. Recently obtained radiocarbon dates indicate it is slightly younger than originally believed, and spanned from approximately A.D 1200 to 1500. Unlike previous interpretations, which suggest this pottery represents a plains influence in the region, the Buffalo Lake complex is considered a boreal forest manifestation, with origins that lie in the woodlands to the southeast. The pottery shares particular affinities with contemporaneous Sandy Lake ware that has a distribution extending from east-central Saskatchewan through to northwestern Ontario and Minnesota, with additional influences evident from Winnipeg Fabric-impressed ware found throughout northern Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario.

Recent archaeological surveys on Peter Pond Lake have provided an opportunity to better elucidate the Late Woodland period of occupation in the upper Churchill River basin of northwestern Saskatchewan. Previous studies identified two pottery-bearing cultures in the region. This included the Kisis complex of the well-documented Selkirk composite, which is characterized by Winnipeg Fabric-impressed ware and dates from approximately A.D. 1300 through to the historic period. The second was a lesser-known archaeological entity represented by limited pottery recoveries from just two sites in the region. Early interpretations proposed this latter Narrows pottery represented an incursion of the plains adapted Old Womens phase into the region, with a suggested age of approximately A.D. 1000 to 1300. <p> Through a comprehensive analysis of pottery assemblages recently recovered from over twenty sites in the Peter Pond Lake region, this study was able to further validate the original description of the Kisis complex, but more significantly, propose a new pottery ware and complex for the enigmatic Narrows pottery assemblages. As a result, this pottery is now formally classified as Narrows Fabric-impressed ware and is considered characteristic of the Buffalo Lake complex. This complex is centered on Peter Pond Lake and appears to have an extensive presence in the region. Recently obtained radiocarbon dates indicate it is slightly younger than originally believed, and spanned from approximately A.D 1200 to 1500. Unlike previous interpretations, which suggest this pottery represents a plains influence in the region, the Buffalo Lake complex is considered a boreal forest manifestation, with origins that lie in the woodlands to the southeast. The pottery shares particular affinities with contemporaneous Sandy Lake ware that has a distribution extending from east-central Saskatchewan through to northwestern Ontario and Minnesota, with additional influences evident from Winnipeg Fabric-impressed ware found throughout northern Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario.

Recent archaeological surveys on Peter Pond Lake have provided an opportunity to better elucidate the Late Woodland period of occupation in the upper Churchill River basin of northwestern Saskatchewan. Previous studies identified two pottery-bearing cultures in the region. This included the Kisis complex of the well-documented Selkirk composite, which is characterized by Winnipeg Fabric-impressed ware and dates from approximately A.D. 1300 through to the historic period. The second was a lesser-known archaeological entity represented by limited pottery recoveries from just two sites in the region. Early interpretations proposed this latter "Narrows" pottery represented an incursion of the plains adapted Old Women's phase into the region, with a suggested age of approximately A.D. 1000 to 1300. <p> Through a comprehensive analysis of pottery assemblages recently recovered from over twenty sites in the Peter Pond Lake region, this study was able to further validate the original description of the Kisis complex, but more significantly, propose a new pottery ware and complex for the enigmatic Narrows pottery assemblages. As a result, this pottery is now formally classified as Narrows Fabric-impressed ware and is considered characteristic of the Buffalo Lake complex. This complex is centered on Peter Pond Lake and appears to have an extensive presence in the region. Recently obtained radiocarbon dates indicate it is slightly younger than originally believed, and spanned from approximately A.D 1200 to 1500. Unlike previous interpretations, which suggest this pottery represents a plains influence in the region, the Buffalo Lake complex is considered a boreal forest manifestation, with origins that lie in the woodlands to the southeast. The pottery shares particular affinities with contemporaneous Sandy Lake ware that has a distribution extending from east-central Saskatchewan through to northwestern Ontario and Minnesota, with additional influences evident from Winnipeg Fabric-impressed ware found throughout northern Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario.

This study focuses on a series of thrust sheets exposed in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province Blacksburg-Pembroke area in southwest Virginia. Structures in the hanging wall of the Saltville thrust (Saltville thrust sheet) and the footwall of the Saltville thrust (Narrows thrust sheet) are examined. The first part of this study involves the construction of a series of thrust transport-parallel 1:24,000 scale geologic cross sections to constrain the subsurface geometry of fault and fold structures within the Saltville and Narrows thrust sheets. The second part of the study involves an outcrop-scale study of geologic structures exposed along a series road cuts in the footwall of the Saltville thrust and the geometric and relative timing relationships between folding, cleavage formation and thrust faulting. The cross sections show a series of interconnected splay faults branching off of the Saltville thrust and cutting both its hanging wall and footwall. Angle of dip and magnitude of dip-slip displacement on thrust and splay faults progressively decrease from hinterland to foreland within this fault system that is referred to as the Spruce Run Mountain-Newport (SRMN) fault system. Bedding within this fault system essentially forms a structural transition zone between the Saltville and Narrows thrust sheets, defining a km-scale fractured synform-antiform fold structure that has many structural attributes usually associated with fault propagation folding. In the road cut outcrops, early meter-scale faults are folded by later foreland-(NW) vergent folds. Although cleavage defines convergent cleavage fans about these folds, subtle obliquities between folds and cleavage indicate that folding post-dates early layer-parallel shortening and associated foreland-vergent thrusting. / Master of Science

The purpose of this thesis was to examine a partial differential equation to model the Tacoma Narrows bridge failure. This thesis will examine the equation developed by Lazer and McKenna to model a suspension bridge in no wind.

This research was prompted by a field study performed at the Celanese Corporation Wastewater Treatment Plant, Narrows, VA., in which calcium chloride addition had improved sludge characteristics that were believed to have deteriorated because of sodium hydroxide additions for pH control. Research objectives were to determine whether the observed improvements during the full-scale plant study were caused by the addition of divalent cations and whether the deterioration of the sludge was due to sodium ion additions. Bench-scale, activated sludge reactors were fed wastewater from the Celanese plant to model plant conditions. Sodium was added in an attempt to cause deterioration of the sludge characteristics. Magnesium and calcium were used as divalent cations to try to improve the sludge characteristics. Results of the study indicated that the magnitude of the effects seen in the full-scale plant study could not be reproduced in the laboratory. Magnesium produced little or no effect on the system and calcium improved the sludge characteristics slightly. Sodium caused deterioration of the sludge but not as dramatically as the full-scale study. This suggested that sodium alone did not adversely affect the sludge but rather, sodium hydroxide might have been combined with organics in the waste which then affected the system. / Master of Science