The aim of this thesis is to study through four essays the economics of migration from developing countries. The …rst chapter assesses the e¤ect of natural disasters (mainly due to climate change), in developing countries, on migration rates and looks at how this e¤ect varies according to the level of education of people. Our results show that natural disasters are positively associated with emigration rates and also involve the migration of highly skilled people. The second chapter presents the di¤erent channels explaining the intention to migrate illegally. One of the novelties of the analysis is that it uses a tailor-made survey among urban Senegalese individuals. We …nd that potential illegal migrants are willing to accept a substantial risk of death and tend to be young, single and with a low level of education. We also show that the price of illegal migration, migrant networks, high expectations, tight immigration policies and the preferred destination country all play a role in the willingness to migrate illegally. The third chapter completes the second one by studying the role of risk-aversion and discount rate in illegal migration from Senegal. Our results show that these individual preferences matter in the willingness to migrate illegally and to pay a smuggler. Finally in the fourth chapter, we are interested in the e¤ect of migrants on credit markets in a rural Senegalese context. According to our results, having a migrant in a household increases both the likelihood of having a loan and its size, whether the loan is formal or informal. We also …nd that this positive e¤ect remains signi…cant no matter if the loan is taken for professional activities or simply to buy food.

This thesis is an investigation of the multi-dimensional impact of disaster on community engagement with respect to capacity and vulnerability factors. The historic community of Goderich, Ontario, ravaged by an F3 tornado August 21, 2011, was the study population. A mixed-methods approach utilizing surveys, semi-structured interviews, and key informant interviews was employed in an effort to yield a more confident set of data and help facilitate understanding. Testing results revealed that the community was very aware of its capacities and vulnerabilities and utilized the disaster situation to affect positive change in these conditions. However, disaster itself was only found to stimulate engagement patterns in its immediate aftermath. Therefore, while disaster does not adversely affect community engagement, it also does not encourage sustained engagement activity. It does, however, stimulate extended associations of connection to the community, which may hold the key to long-term engagement motivation.

This thesis focused on the consequences of remittance inflows in developing countries. The first partexplored the causal impacts of remittances on some indicators of aggregate welfare while the secondpart examined the effects of remittances on public policy. Several results emerged. First, remittanceinflows help reduce the proportion of individuals selling low wages and this effect is stronger in acontext of low level of financial development, high macroeconomic instability and less unpredictableremittances (Chapter 1). Second, remittances have a robust stabilizing impact on the privateconsumption. However, this effect tends to decrease with the levels of remittance inflows and financialdevelopment. Moreover, remittance-dependent economies seem to be strongly sheltered against thedamaging effects of various types of shocks affecting consumption (Chapter 2). In Chapter 3, theresults highlighted that remittance inflows dampen the positive effect of natural disasters on the outputgrowth volatility. However, this impact was strongly reduced as the level of remittances increased.The second part of the thesis revealed interesting results regarding the effects of remittance inflows onpublic policy. First, remittance inflows reduce the insurance role played by the governmentconsumption in more open economies and this effect is more likely to hold when remittances exhibit acountercyclical behavior (Chapter 4). In Chapter 5, the results showed that the fiscal retrenchmentinduced by remittance inflows, is particularly marked for the public education and health spending incountries characterized by various types of governance problems. Finally, the thesis showed that theeffects of remittances do not only concern the expenditure side but also the revenue side. Remittancesare more likely to increase the fiscal space in receiving economies that rely on the value added taxsystem. In these countries, remittance inflows help increase both the level and the stability of thegovernment tax revenue ratio (Chapter 6).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaves 247-258.

Thesis (LL.M.)--George Washington University, 2006. / Title from title screen (viewed Dec. 29, 2006). "ADA454285"--URL. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in paper format.

These comments have the objective of opening discussion regarding intervention of the State in the economy, regulating prices in times of natural disasters due to the sudden increase of the demand by consumers and consequent economic exploitation by some providers. Taking the chilean case as example, the authors raise certain legislative amendments to avoid that certain providers take improper advantage of consumers in such dramatic times. / Los presentes comentarios pretenden abrir la discusión sobre si el Estado peruano debería intervenir, en tiempos de desastres naturales, en la regulación de los precios de los productos, en tanto estos suelen encarecerse ante el aumento repentino de la demanda por parte de los consumidores y el consiguiente aprovechamiento económico de algunos proveedores. Tomando como ejemplo el caso chileno, planteamos algunas modificatorias legislativas para evitar así que ciertos proveedores se aprovechen de la desesperación de los consumidores en circunstancias tan dramáticas.

Submitted by Emilie Peyroche d´Arnaud de Sarazignac (emilie.peyrochedarnauddesarazignac@sciencespo.fr) on 2016-04-19T18:25:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Emilie PEYROCHE Thesis FINAL MPGI 5.pdf: 1990877 bytes, checksum: 962966d3b8871655109a7552e1354f13 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br) on 2016-04-19T18:28:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Emilie PEYROCHE Thesis FINAL MPGI 5.pdf: 1990877 bytes, checksum: 962966d3b8871655109a7552e1354f13 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-19T19:21:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emilie PEYROCHE Thesis FINAL MPGI 5.pdf: 1990877 bytes, checksum: 962966d3b8871655109a7552e1354f13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-23 / Centenas de milhões de pessoas são afetadas por desastres a cada ano. Para alguns países da Ásia, os desastres naturais se tornaram algo comum para os quais eles precisam estar preparados. A cadeia de fornecedores humanitária é um conceito logístico recente, que se refere a todo o processo de ajuda que acontece uma vez que ocorre um desastre, desde os doadores até os beneficiários finais. Por causa de tensões econômicas recentes, e por causa de uma maior cobertura da mídia sobre os desastres naturais mortais tal como o Typhoon Yolanda em 2013-2014; organizações humanitárias precisam mostrar transparência em suas ações e precisam provar a capacidade de resistência da cadeia de abastecimento para melhorar ainda mais os programas de doação. Resiliência tem sido estudada no contexto da cadeia de fornecedores de uma empresa comercial. No entanto olhar para essa noção dentro do sector humanitário que tem características diferentes, é um novo conceito raramente explorado antes. O objetivo desta tese será contribuir com novos insights e contributos, a fim de enriquecer ainda mais pesquisas sobre a capacidade de resiliência das cadeias de fornecedores humanitários. Vamos analisar as provas desses recursos para a resiliência através de uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre o caso Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), que já foi o tufão mais mortal das Filipinas.

Submitted by Simone Arantes (sq.chaves@gmail.com) on 2017-01-03T21:30:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Simone_Quirino.pdf: 3765143 bytes, checksum: bb4a41aaff0508c321ce158dd143ee31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-01-04T14:47:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Simone_Quirino.pdf: 3765143 bytes, checksum: bb4a41aaff0508c321ce158dd143ee31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T11:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Simone_Quirino.pdf: 3765143 bytes, checksum: bb4a41aaff0508c321ce158dd143ee31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-21 / This study aims to identify the financial instruments used to finance the catastrophic risk’s management existing in the Brazilian National Policy on Protection and Civil Defense (PNPDEC) and relevant additional legislation through comparison of such mechanisms with those adopted by other countries. For this, we considered four international examples of relevant financial strategies, represented by Mexico, Caribbean Countries, Turkey and France, which were analyzed based on their historical, social and economic context, on the causal variables that led governments to their enforcement and on the variables related to its implementation mechanisms. Later, the same variables were applied to the Brazilian case, wherewith identified the current state of national financing structure, and the possible obstacles and opportunities for their development. The results of this study indicate that Brazil uses almost exclusively regular budget transfers and extraordinary credits to promote actions related to prevention, response and disaster recovery having, accordingly, a financial protection structure at a significant disadvantage compared with the international examples. / Este estudo objetiva identificar os instrumentos financeiros utilizados para o financiamento da gestão de riscos catastróficos presentes na Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil (PNPDEC) brasileira e na legislação complementar pertinente, por meio da comparação de tais mecanismos com aqueles adotados por outros países. Para isso, foram considerados quatro exemplos internacionais de estratégias financeiras relevantes, representados por México, Países Caribenhos, Turquia e França, os quais foram analisados com base em seu contexto histórico, social e econômico, nas variáveis causais que levaram os governos à sua efetivação e nas variáveis relacionadas aos seus respectivos mecanismos de implementação. Posteriormente, as mesmas variáveis foram aplicadas ao caso brasileiro, por meio das quais foi identificado o atual estágio da estrutura de financiamento nacional, além de possíveis entraves e oportunidades ao seu desenvolvimento. Os resultados desse estudo indicam que o Brasil utiliza, de forma praticamente exclusiva, transferências orçamentárias regulares e créditos extraordinários para promoção das ações relacionadas à prevenção, resposta e recuperação de desastres dispondo, nesse sentido, de uma estrutura de proteção financeira consideravelmente defasada, quando comparada aos exemplos internacionais.

La fréquence et l'intensité des catastrophes naturelles et écologiques sont à la hausse dans le monde entier. Jusqu'à 325 millions de personnes extrêmement pauvres vivront dans les 49 pays les plus à risques en 2030. Haïti, la seule nation dont la population esclave a vaincu une puissance coloniale pour devenir libre et deuxième plus ancienne république de l'hémisphère occidental, demeure le pays le plus pauvre d'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes et l'un des plus pauvres et faiblement gouvernés au monde. Basée sur une longue expérience de terrain pour collecter des données de première main, la présente thèse tente de faire la lumière sur la situation en Haïti après le tremblement de terre dévastateur de 2010, offrant quatre contributions sur les liens entre catastrophes naturelles, marché du travail et stratégies d'adaptation. Le premier chapitre présente un diagnostic de la situation du marché du travail en Haïti près de 3 ans après le tremblement de terre (2012) et la compare avec la situation qui prévalait 3 ans auparavant (2007), avec un accent particulier sur la jeunesse. Cette analyse descriptive offre un aperçu des tendances économiques générales. Dans les trois chapitres suivants explorent en profondeur les fondements microéconomiques et les canaux de transmission du choc. Le chapitre 2 analyse l'impact du tremblement de terre sur la décision des ménages concernant l'allocation du temps des enfants. Le chapitre 3 étudie les liens entre les transferts et l'offre de travail à la suite du tremblement de terre. Enfin, le chapitre 4 offre une analyse rigoureuse de l'impact durable du tremblement de terre de 2010 sur les conditions de vie et les moyens de subsistance de la population en utilisant des données longitudinales. / Frequency and intensity of natural and environmental disasters are on the rise worldwide. Up to 325 million extremely poor people will be living in the 49 most hazard-prone countries in 2030. Haiti proudly claims to the distinction of being the only nation whose slave population defeated a colonial power to become free and the second-oldest republic in the Western Hemisphere, yet persists as the poorest country in Latin America and Caribbean region one of the poorest and weakly governed countries in the world. Output of both an extensive fieldwork and academic research, the present thesis attempts to shed some light on the situation in Haiti after the devastating earthquake, offering four insights on the interlinkages between natural disaster, labour market and coping strategies. The introductive chapter draws the general motivation and some background information common of the four essays of this doctoral work. The first chapter presents the most up-to-date diagnosis of the labour market situation in Haiti almost 3 years after the earthquake (2012) and provide whenever possible a comparison with the situation prevailing 3 years before (2007), with a specific focus on youth. This descriptive analysis offers an overview of the general economic trends. In the following three chapters, we explore in depth the microeconomic foundations and implications of channels at play. Chapter 2 analyses the impact of earthquake on the households' decision on children's time allocation. In chapter 3, we investigate interlinkages between transfers and labour supply in the aftermath of the earthquake. Finally, chapter 4 takes the analysis of the impact of the earthquake a step forward by using longitudinal data and focuses on the long-lasting impact of the 2010 earthquake on population's livelihoods.

Based on Risk Communication assumptions, this paper investigates the relationship between sources and journalists in covering disasters, to evaluate what is the role of the journalist and point out some elements that might contribute to a quality coverage. Methodologically, this paper is based on literature review and individual and semi-open interviews. From the analysis of six months of Zero Hora editions, we mapped and interviewed the expert sources used by the newspaper in articles related to disasters involving climate. We also interviewed the journalists authors of disaster related articles, to know how they deal with the challenge of covering climate and how they relate to the experts. Through interviews, this paper presents the capabilities and antagonisms present in the relationship between journalistic and expert sources fields. This dissertation is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, Society and Risk Communication , addresses the concepts of Risk Society and Risk Communication. The second chapter, entitled social fields and journalistic sources in news coverage of disasters , discusses the concept of field, the specifics and relations between fields, and also the concept of source. The last chapter, The vision of experts on the news coverage of disasters , analyzes interviews with the expert sources and journalists and proposes some actions to guide the journalistic work. The analysis of the interviews is divided into two parts. The first concerns the logic and operation of the journalistic field and covers: news values, determination and relationship between sources and experts. The second part seeks to establish elements for a protocol of action and is divided into three parts: Before: the necessity of prevention , Moment of crisis: precautions and limits to journalists in a disaster and After the disaster: the journalistic oversight . The paper concludes that, like other fields, journalism needs protocols for dealing with risk situations. Moreover, there is still much to advance in the dialog between journalistic field and expert sources, a relationship that has incompabilities, especially considering that the two fields follow a different logic. We understand that the journalist can not be just a witness of facts, but must have an intellectual work to analyze it and understand its role within the network of disasters, in view of the social role of journalism. This dissertation is part of the Media and Identity line of research, because it comprises journalism within the sociocentric paradigm and takes into account the actions of society along with journalism, highlighting the active paper of journalists in the production of information. / A partir dos pressupostos da Comunicação de risco, o trabalho investiga as relações entre fontes e jornalistas na cobertura de desastres, para avaliar o papel do jornalista e apontar alguns elementos que possam contribuir com uma cobertura de qualidade. Metodologicamente, o trabalho baseia-se em revisão bibliográfica e em entrevistas individuais e semiabertas. A partir da análise de seis meses de edições Zero Hora, mapeamos e entrevistamos as fontes especializadas utilizadas pelo jornal nas matérias relativas a desastres que envolvem o clima. Também entrevistamos os jornalistas autores de matérias sobre desastres, para saber como eles lidam com o desafio de cobrir o tema e como se relacionam com os especialistas. Por meio das entrevistas, o trabalho apresenta as compatibilidades e os antagonismos presentes na relação entre o campo jornalístico e os campos das fontes especializadas. A dissertação divide-se em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, A sociedade e a comunicação no contexto dos riscos , aborda-se o conceito de Sociedade de risco e de Comunicação de risco. O segundo capítulo, intitulado Campos sociais e fontes jornalísticas na cobertura de desastres , discute o conceito de campo, as especificidades e as relações entre os campos, além do conceito de fonte. Já o último capítulo, A visão dos especialistas sobre a cobertura jornalística de desastres , analisa as entrevistas com as fontes especialistas e com os jornalistas e propõe algumas ações para nortear o trabalho jornalístico. A análise das entrevistas está dividida em duas partes. A primeira diz respeito à lógica e ao funcionamento do campo jornalístico e abrange valores-notícias, apuração e relação entre fontes e especialistas. A segunda parte busca estabelecer elementos para um protocolo de ação e está divida em três partes: Antes do desastre: a necessidade da prevenção , Momento de crise: os cuidados e limites para os jornalistas em um desastre e Após o desastre: a fiscalização jornalística . Com o trabalho conclui que, assim como outros campos, o jornalismo precisa de protocolos para lidar com situações de riscos. Além disso, ainda há muito para se avançar no diálogo entre o campo jornalístico e as fontes especializadas, uma relação que apresenta incompatibilidades, principalmente tendo em vista que os campos seguem lógicas diferentes. Entendemos que o jornalista não pode ser apenas um testemunho dos fatos, mas tem que realizar um trabalho intelectual para analisá-lo e compreender a sua função e seu papel dentro da rede de desastres, tendo em vista o papel social do jornalismo. A dissertação insere-se na linha de pesquisa Mídia e identidade porque compreende o jornalismo no interior do paradigma sociocêntrico e leva em consideração as ações da sociedade junto ao jornalismo, destacando o papel ativo dos jornalistas na produção da informação.