<p>African medicinal plants are commonly used throughout Africa to treat a variety of ailments including wounds and ulcers, cough and chest complaints, gingivitis, fever and gonorrhoea, indication all related to infection and inflammation. In screening several plant species from an inventory of common medicinal plants from both South and West Africa for diverse medicinal purposes, 6 plants were selected because of their interesting and useful ethnomedicinal values.</p>

<p>African medicinal plants are commonly used throughout Africa to treat a variety of ailments including wounds and ulcers, cough and chest complaints, gingivitis, fever and gonorrhoea, indication all related to infection and inflammation. In screening several plant species from an inventory of common medicinal plants from both South and West Africa for diverse medicinal purposes, 6 plants were selected because of their interesting and useful ethnomedicinal values.</p>

The aim of our experiment was proving the suitability and effectivity of artemia nauplii enrichment in pikeperch fry rearing. 24 hour enrichment took place in 3 variants: 1. SELCO, 2. 18 (n-3) (alfa-linolenic acid) and 3. 18 (n-3) + vitamin C. Original intention was initializing fry feeding with different types of enriched artemia metanauplii. Due to excessive size of artemia after 1 day enrichment (Artemia franciscana) (in comparison with size of fry oral cavity) the intake of such food was not possible, thus the metodics had to be modified. From the given reason, fish were initially fed with unenriched nauplii ; firstly with dose 100 ml (4 - 8 day post hatch - dph) after that with dose 50 ml per tank (9. dph 25.4.). As soon as fry reached suitable size and was able to intake bigger size of nauplii, was in the second part feeding diferenciated (use of different types of enrichment and control group was fed with unenriched artemia). First part of experiment lasted 22 days (5.4. - 26.4.), fish must have been netted and again placed in tanks for experiment with enriched artemia. Second part of rearing varied in use of differently enriched metanauplii and lasted 8 days (27.4. - 4.5.). At the end of second part of feeding (from 1.5.) was involved co-feeding, which means combined feeding (living food and starter feed). 5.5. was experiment terminated. The highest survival was reached in group fed with artemia enriched in comercial preparate SELCO (28,67 %), second highest survival was reached in group fed metanauplii enriched in alfa-linolenic acid (27,88 %) and third highest survival was reached in group fed with alfa-linolenic acid and vitamin C enriched metanauplii (19,00 %). The highest individual fry weight at the end of experiment was reached in group fed with artemia enriched in alfa-linolenic acid and vitamin C : 306,16 +- 64,27 mg, the lowest individual weight was reached in control group : 216,9 +- 39,96 mg. The highest average total lenght (l.t.) was measured in SELCO group 30,13 +- 2,47 mm, the lowest total lenght reached fish in control group 27,37 +- 1,32 mm. In group fed with artemia enriched in vitamin C was noticed the highest percentage of starter feed intake (8 %), but simultaneously in the same group was reached the highest rate of cannibalism (6 %).

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / African medicinal plants are commonly used throughout Africa to treat a variety of ailments including wounds and ulcers, cough and chest complaints, gingivitis, fever and gonorrhoea, indication all related to infection and inflammation. In screening several plant species from an inventory of common medicinal plants from both South and West Africa for diverse medicinal purposes, 6 plants were selected because of their interesting and useful ethnomedicinal values. / South Africa

Orientador: João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes / Banca: Maria Célia Portella / Banca: Manuel Vazquez Vidal Júnior / Resumo: A larvicultura é uma das fases críticas na produção intensiva de peixes ornamentais, principalmente quanto à alimentação, uma vez que para cobrir as exigências nutricionais das larvas, são fornecidas elevadas quantidades de alimento vivo (náuplios de Artemia) o que, conseqüentemente, aumenta os custos nesta fase de criação. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição precoce e gradual do alimento vivo (A) pelo alimento inerte (R) sobre o desempenho zootécnico das larvas de acará bandeira. Foram conduzidos seis experimentos com duração de 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 e 24 dias após o início da alimentação exógena (IAE). Em cada experimento, o delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados (desovas) com sete tratamentos: jejum, ração, Artemia e quatro diferentes tempos para iniciar a retirada total do alimento vivo (9, 12, 15 e 18 dias após o IAE). A substituição do alimento vivo pelo inerte teve um período de alimentação mista de três dias antes da retirada total dos náuplios de Artemia. Durante esse período o alimento vivo foi reduzido gradualmente em proporções de 25%, 50% e 75% a cada dia. Durante todo o período experimental a qualidade da água foi mantida em condições ideais para o bom desenvolvimento da espécie. Em síntese, a alimentação com náuplios de Artemia quando comparados com a ração como alimento inicial, favoreceu o crescimento das larvas e desenvolvimento das vilosidades intestinais. Embora, as larvas alimentadas apenas com ração mostraram-se capazes de sobreviver e crescer, a criação é inviável em termos produtivos. As taxas de sobrevivências das larvas que receberam náuplios de Artemia não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos avaliados. No entanto, aquelas alimentadas com dieta viva por um período maior, apresentaram melhores taxas de crescimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Larviculture is one of the critical aspects in intensive production of ornamental fish, especially including feed once that to provide the nutritional requirements of larvae, are necessary large amounts of live food (Artemia nauplii), which therefore increases the costs in this rearing phase. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of early and gradual replacement of live food (A) by inert on the growth performance of larvae angelfish. Six experiments were performed with lasting of 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 24 days after the beginning of exogenous feeding (BEF). The experimental design was randomized blocks (spawnings) with seven treatments: fasting, diet inert, Artemia and four different times to start the total withdraw of live food (9, 12, 15 and 18 days after BEF). During throughout the experimental period the water quality were maintained at ideal conditions for the successful development of the specie. Replacement of live food by inert diet had a mixed period of three days before the complete withdraw of Artemia, and the amount of this was gradually reduced in proportions of 25%, 50% and 75% in each day. In summary, feeding with Artemia nauplii when compared to formulated diet as initial food, favored the growth larvae and the normal gut development. Although, the larvae fed exclusively with formulated diet was able to survive and grow, rearing is not viable in productive terms. Survival rates of larvae fed with Artemia nauplii showed no significant differences between the treatments. However, those fish that were fed with live diet for a longer period showed the best and highest growth rates, final biomass, alometric condition factor, size uniformity and showed few visible morphological changes in the epithelial lining of the intestinal villi or few signs of excessive scaling epithelium, when compared to larvae in which the replacement was done earlier... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alvaradocastillo_jd_me_jabo.pdf: 988380 bytes, checksum: 09570908d8a54c64319e62527b7b0239 (MD5) / A larvicultura é uma das fases críticas na produção intensiva de peixes ornamentais, principalmente quanto à alimentação, uma vez que para cobrir as exigências nutricionais das larvas, são fornecidas elevadas quantidades de alimento vivo (náuplios de Artemia) o que, conseqüentemente, aumenta os custos nesta fase de criação. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição precoce e gradual do alimento vivo (A) pelo alimento inerte (R) sobre o desempenho zootécnico das larvas de acará bandeira. Foram conduzidos seis experimentos com duração de 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 e 24 dias após o início da alimentação exógena (IAE). Em cada experimento, o delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados (desovas) com sete tratamentos: jejum, ração, Artemia e quatro diferentes tempos para iniciar a retirada total do alimento vivo (9, 12, 15 e 18 dias após o IAE). A substituição do alimento vivo pelo inerte teve um período de alimentação mista de três dias antes da retirada total dos náuplios de Artemia. Durante esse período o alimento vivo foi reduzido gradualmente em proporções de 25%, 50% e 75% a cada dia. Durante todo o período experimental a qualidade da água foi mantida em condições ideais para o bom desenvolvimento da espécie. Em síntese, a alimentação com náuplios de Artemia quando comparados com a ração como alimento inicial, favoreceu o crescimento das larvas e desenvolvimento das vilosidades intestinais. Embora, as larvas alimentadas apenas com ração mostraram-se capazes de sobreviver e crescer, a criação é inviável em termos produtivos. As taxas de sobrevivências das larvas que receberam náuplios de Artemia não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos avaliados. No entanto, aquelas alimentadas com dieta viva por um período maior, apresentaram melhores taxas de crescimento... / Larviculture is one of the critical aspects in intensive production of ornamental fish, especially including feed once that to provide the nutritional requirements of larvae, are necessary large amounts of live food (Artemia nauplii), which therefore increases the costs in this rearing phase. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of early and gradual replacement of live food (A) by inert on the growth performance of larvae angelfish. Six experiments were performed with lasting of 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 24 days after the beginning of exogenous feeding (BEF). The experimental design was randomized blocks (spawnings) with seven treatments: fasting, diet inert, Artemia and four different times to start the total withdraw of live food (9, 12, 15 and 18 days after BEF). During throughout the experimental period the water quality were maintained at ideal conditions for the successful development of the specie. Replacement of live food by inert diet had a mixed period of three days before the complete withdraw of Artemia, and the amount of this was gradually reduced in proportions of 25%, 50% and 75% in each day. In summary, feeding with Artemia nauplii when compared to formulated diet as initial food, favored the growth larvae and the normal gut development. Although, the larvae fed exclusively with formulated diet was able to survive and grow, rearing is not viable in productive terms. Survival rates of larvae fed with Artemia nauplii showed no significant differences between the treatments. However, those fish that were fed with live diet for a longer period showed the best and highest growth rates, final biomass, alometric condition factor, size uniformity and showed few visible morphological changes in the epithelial lining of the intestinal villi or few signs of excessive scaling epithelium, when compared to larvae in which the replacement was done earlier... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Ergasilus sieboldi has been reported from a number of trout fisheries in England and Wales. The population dynamics of this parasitic copepod in Rutland Water, a large reservoir in Central England was studied from 2003 to 2005. A combination of angler and net caught fish were examined to record numbers of adult females and egg production throughout each year. The parasite overwintered in large numbers on trout and commenced egg production in April which then continued until October/November. The prevalence of infection and the abundance of the parasite were very high in overwintered rainbow trout but these parameters then decreased in March as large numbers of uninfected fish were stocked into the reservoir. The parasite population then increased until October. Infection levels in 2004 and 2005 were significantly lower than in 2003. Infections of cage-held rainbow trout showed that E.sieboldi could become ovigerous within two weeks of attachment to trout in July and August. New infections occurred from June until November. Several species of coarse fish examined were also shown to be infected by the parasite. Cage trials showed that triploid rainbow trout were infected by significantly higher numbers of the parasite than diploid rainbow, brown trout or “blue” rainbow trout. Observations of infected fish in experimental tanks showed that overwintering parasites were stimulated to commence oviposition by increasing water temperatures. Photoperiod had no noticeable effect on the parasite. Egg viability and rate of development was studied using tank held infected fish and in vitro incubation techniques. Viability of eggs in sacs detached from the adult parasite was greater than those remaining attached. The rate of egg development was modelled and was shown to be predicted by temperature. Development of eggs was estimated to commence at 3.6ºC. Eggs developed more rapidly at higher temperatures and at peak production, inter-clutch interval was between 0 and 0.5 days. Egg production models estimated that an overwintered parasite could produce up to 19 clutches of eggs between April and October under normal temperature regimes measured at the reservoir. Ovarian development during the winter was confirmed using classifications of ovary size and shape based on parameters measured using image analysis techniques. The life span of E.sieboldi was estimated at 10-12 months. Nauplii culturing techniques were compared, and nauplii to stage V were successfully developed. Nauplii hatched from the eggs of adult parasites occurring in the spring were larger and conditioned to develop at lower temperatures than those hatched later in the year. Nauplii were fed on 4 different types of algae held in monocultures but development occurred only in algal polycultures. A comparison was made of nauplii feeding preferences and development with algae recorded in Rutland Water in 2003 and 2005 but no correlations were found. Fish stock assessment was carried out using models of angler catch, effort and stocking figures from the fishery. Parasite numbers on the overwintered fish were estimated at 12 million parasites in April 2003, 8.3 million in April 2004 and 1.2 million in April 2005. Stock assessments suggested a reduction in number of overwintering trout and effects of stocking policy to be at least partially responsible for the decline in the parasite population. The results of this study formed a management strategy for the operation of the trout fishery.

The feeding experiment was performed with fry of vimba bream (Vimba vimba) during the first 24 days from the beginning of exogenous nutrition. Six diets were used: algae (Chlorella vulgaris), starter fodder BioOptimal 0,8 mm by Biomar company ? for cyprinids, live nauplii of Artemia salina, combination of alga and starter fodder BioOptimal, combination of alga and nauplii of Artemia salina, combination of starter fodder BioOptimal and nauplii of Artemia salina. Individual weight, total lenght, survival rate of larvae, specific growth rate (SGR) and conditions of the fry (condition coefficient according to Fulton ? FWC) were observed during the experiment. The results were compared statistically using the method of one ? way analysis of variance (ANOVA ? = 0,05; Microsoft Excel).