Abstract The aims of this study were to evaluate the treatment need of fixed bridges according to the distribution of pontics in dentition in different age groups, and to investigate the primary and late complications and survival of the conventional fixed metal ceramic prostheses, as well as patients' satisfaction with the prosthetic treatment. The whole material consisted of the patients treated with fixed metal ceramic prostheses by undergraduate students at the Institute of Dentistry during the years 1984 - 1996. There were altogether 772 patients, 460 women (60 %) and 312 men (40 %). Their mean age was 47 years (23 - 81 years). Altogether 944 single metal ceramic crowns and 543 fixed bridges (1374 abutments and 807 pontics) were prepared. It can be concluded that the fixed bridges are most often prepared to replace upper first premolars and lower first molars also in the future. The most usual primary complications related to fixed bridges occurred during preprosthetic endodontic treatment of abutment teeth and during the preparation of the root canals. Previous restoration of the prepared tooth does not have any marked effect on the prognosis of single crowns with dowels, although anatomically complicated upper lateral incisors and upper first premolars need special attention in the treatment planning. Patients were satisfied with aesthetics and function of the fixed metal ceramic prostheses. Late complications found in clinical examinations were few, and the survival rate for the fixed metal ceramic bridge prostheses was calculated to be 84 % after 10 years, long fixed bridges having a lower survival than the shorter ones. The treatment need for conventional fixed bridges seems to be highest among patients over 50 years of age in the future. Age does not influence the longevity of the fixed prostheses, but basic circumstances of the mouth, especially low secretion of saliva affected by diseases and/or medications and high scores of lactobacilli and streptococcus mutans of the saliva seem to decrease the survival.

The topic of this diploma's thesis is comparison of the educational needs of school managers and managers from the private business sector. The theoretical part deals with concept of management, the definition of school management and specifics of school. It also focuses on managers, education of managers, including educational needs, their identification and saturation through further education. The aim of the research part is to identify educational needs and phenomena associated with them and the subsequent comparison between schools and non-school managers. The core of the thesis is qualitative research conducted by semistructured interview with four representatives of school management and four representatives of non school management. During the subsequent analysis were used the principles of grounded theory. Identified fields of educational needs are very similar in both groups, significant differences were identified in the phenomena related to educational needs. KEYWORDS comparison, educational need, manager, school management, qualitative research

This licentiate’s dissertation is about how school staff talk about pupils having difficulties in relating to teachers and other pupils. It’s specific focus is on pupils which are described as “disturbing”, “troublesome”,”unruly”, “unconcentrated” or characterised by similar concepts. The main aim is to elucidate and discuss how school staff explain pupils’ difficulties, what measures they state that they undertake and what measures they consider necessary. The study is based on a social constructive approach. This means that the way we understand the world we live in is seen as shaped by social and cultural processes mediated through language. A consequence of this is that the way the staff talk about pupils in difficulties will influence how they relate to those children and how they work at solving the problems. The empirical material consists of interviews with six principals, six Special Educational Needs Co-ordinators and six class teachers from six different schools. 15 of the people interviewed work with 11–13 year olds and three of them with 7–9 year olds. The material from the interviews is categorised into themes and further analysed in order to present a systematic overview of the ways in which the staff talk about children in difficulties. The result shows that the problems are understood as complex and full of nuances. Explanations of the problems from medical/psychological perspectives have no distinguished status. It is more common that the problems are related to social conditions, family situation and school environment. The study also shows that different professional groups usually place the responsibility for solving the problems with other professional groups. The way the concerned principal looks upon the problem seems be important for the way the problem is dealt with. The way the staff studied talk about the school activities indicates that schools differ concerning issues like organisation, the role of the Special Needs Co-ordinator, co-operation between different professional groups etc. As a consequence pupils having difficulties in relating to other people will be subjected to different conditions depending on what school they attend. The school as an arena of identity creation and citizenship education will offer hence different opportunities to different children in difficulties.

There are currently scarce research regarding further training programs and employees’ attitudes toward them. This present work examined 95 preschool employees from one municipal community in matters of emotional intelligence, need for cognition, and cognitive reflective ability and how these influenced their attitudes toward a further training program called International Child Development Programme, ICDP (study 1). Six participants were also interviewed in regards to more organizational aspects of the ICDP-training and their experiences of the program’s implementation in the actual worksituation (study 2). The results of study 1 showed a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and attitudes toward the program. Study 2 revealed lack of follow-ups and sustainability of the program in the real-life work-situation. Suggestions for countering these flaws as well as a more individually focused approach in embracing, applying and maintaining the teachings of a further training program are discussed.

Bakgrund: Patienter inom vården löper risk att drabbas av malnutrition. Flera studier har visat att malnutrition fortfarande är ett stort problem inom vård och omsorg och en viktig patientsäkerhetsfråga. Målsättningen med nutritionsbehandling är att tillgodose patientens fysiologiska behov för att minimera vävnadsförluster och upprätthålla vitala funktioner och därigenom ge möjlighet till tillfrisknande samt förbättrad upplevelse av hälsa. Förr sågs nutritionsbehandling som en stödåtgärd medan den i dag har en mer framträdande roll i patientens vård och behandling. Syfte: Var att undersöka hur kaloriordinationen uppfylls och hur viktutvecklingen sett ut under de dagar studien genomfördes. Metod: En retrospektiv, deskriptiv studie med kvantitativ ansats genomfördes på en intensivvårdsavdelning i en storstadsregion i Sverige. Studien omfattade journaldata från 36 vuxna patienter som analyserades under fem dagar var, vilket resulterade i totalt 180 studerade dagar. Resultat: Under studien uppnåddes kalorimålet sju av 180 dagar. Flertalet patienter visade sig tillföras mellan 80-120 % av ordinationen. Vid granskning av data framkom skillnader i näringstillförsel relaterat till vårdtid. Enligt journaldata överskred 22 av 36 patienter dagligt kalorimål den första dagen på intensivvårdsavdelningen. Hos 26 patienter noterades en viktnedgång mellan ett till åtta kilo. Hos fem patienter fanns en viktökning på mellan två till fem kilo och tre patienter behöll sin vikt. Slutsats: Denna studies resultat visar att det finns skäl att belysa patienters nutritionsbehov med fortsatta studier då nutrition är viktigt för upplevelser av hälsa och tillfrisknande. / Background: Patients in healthcare face the risk of malnutrition. Studies have shown malnutrition is still a significant problem and a serious patient safety issue.The aim of nutritional treatment is to fulfill the patient’s physiological needs in order to minimize loss of tissue and maintain vital functions, increasing the chance of recovery and improving the patient’s perceived health. Nutritional treatment was previously regarded as a supporting measure, whereas today it carries a more significant role in the care and treatment of a patient. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients met with prescribed calorimetric targets, and to examine their weight progression. Method: A retrospective descriptive study with a quantitative aim was performed in an intensive care unit in a Swedish city. The study was based on journal entries from 36 adult patients and were studied for five days each, resulting in a total of 180 studied days. Results: During the study prescribed calorimetric targets were met seven times. A majority of the patients received between 80% and 120% of the prescribed target. Examination of the data revealed differences in nutrition related to length of treatment. According to journal entries, 22 out of the 36 patients were overfed the first day in the intensive care unit. A weight loss of between one and eight kilograms was registered in 26 out of 36 patients. Five patients had a weight gain of two to five kilograms. Three patients retained their original weight. Conclusion: The results of this study show that there is call to further study nutritional needs in patients, as nutrition is important for the perception of health as well as for recovery.

The theme of this study is the relationship between recruiting non-Christians for the Korean church through the patterns or styles of its diaconal services, and its influence on the religious actions of the church in South Korea. Chapter 1 defines introductory matters: the theme and its motivation, the statement of the problem, the extent of the problem and its purpose, the hypothesis of this dissertation, its structure, delimitation and key concepts. In Chapter 2 a diaconal ministry effective for the local community is dealt with. It integrates the meaning or usage of diakonia from biblical, historical and theological perspectives, especially to ascertain the theoretical foundation that will meet the need of the local community and will lead them to salvation. The characteristics of the local community are studied to find how the community influences the forms of the diaconal ministry, how the diaconal service can influence changes in the community, and the interrelations between the church and the community. In Chapter 3 the theoretical backgrounds of congregational development is studied from biblical, theological and historical perspectives. Such a building up of the local church plays an important role to motivate the Korean church to realise its missional task to preach the gospel, to stimulate its spiritual dynamics, to meet the various needs of the local community, and to quicken the members to do the work expected of the body of Christ. Chapter 4 deals with the empirical perspective. There are many methods of social research. According to the applied research method the Baby School of the Choongshin church and the Pregnant Women’s Group&the Baby School of the Gwangyang Daegwang church are analysed. The theories or hypotheses derived from Chapters 2 and 3 are revisited, in relationship to the empirical perspective. With this process, an effective building up of the local church is interpreted as seen from a need-oriented diaconal ministry that complies directly and intimately with the local community and people’s actual needs. Chapter 5 deals with a strategic perspective. It looks at the main factors these two models have in common in the light of a methodological model. Through this model, the use of the diaconal ministry that intimately and lastingly satisfies the need of the local community is indicated with a view to an effective building up of the local church in the Korean society. Applicable strategies and principles to construct successful need-oriented diaconal services for Korean congregational development in different situations are synthetically presented. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

This thesis uses an exploratory case study design to chronicle the shifts, recognition, and implementation of programs, tools and policies designed for high need federally sentenced women in Canada that were created after 1990, in accordance with or opposed to the gender specific principles outlined in the Creating Choices (1990) report. The body lens is used as an analytic tool to deconstruct eleven of the most pertinent documents regarding policy and strategy for high need women offenders that were implemented by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) personnel and the Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) over the past twenty years. Coding of a wide range of documents reveals that despite appearing to be rhetorically progressive, CSC’s attempt at creating a women-centered mental health strategy uses contradictory disciplinary techniques that control and restrain the bodies of federally sentenced women in hopes of normalizing the behaviours of high need women. The policies imposed by CSC for high need women offenders fail to make any substantial changes in women’s prison reform and resulted in a different form of regulation and control. High need women offenders are imprisoned in their own bodies.

One key to reducing terrorism may be to understand why individuals join terror groups, and to find ways to meet their needs through alternatives to discourage membership in terrorist organizations. The study introduces the hierarchy of needs framework to capture all previous pieces of explanations on why individuals join terror groups under one big umbrella, in order to see the big picture. It does not do a meta-analysis, but rather tests the framework. This study is designed to find out what perceived needs commonly motivate individuals to join terror groups in general and specific terror groups in particular. The research uses Turkey's terrorism experience as a case study which is supported with data from real terrorist in Turkey. Findings of the descriptive analyses show that majority joined a terror group due to social and affiliative needs. The remaining analyses (bivariate, cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression) show that confitents who perceived esteem and recognition were more likely to become members of other/leftist terror groups, and that rightist terror group members in Turkey tend to have higher education. Education mainly affects a confitent's perception of two needs: social and affiliation and self-actualization. Other demographic variables (age group, region of birth, marital status) die not yield any significant relation with membership in terror groups.

Purpose: Most individuals do not perceive a need for substance use treatment despite meeting diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders and they are least likely to pursue treatment voluntarily. There are also those who perceive a need for treatment and yet do not pursue it. This study aimed to understand which factors increase the likelihood of perceiving a need for treatment for individuals who meet diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders in the hopes to better assist with more targeted efforts for gender-specific treatment recruitment and retention. Using Andersen and Newman’s (1973/2005) model of individual determinants of healthcare utilization, the central hypothesis of the study was that gender moderates the relationship between substance use problem severity and perceived treatment need, so that women with increasing problems due to their use of substances are more likely than men to perceive a need for treatment. Additional predisposing and enabling factors from Andersen and Newman’s (1973/2005) model were included in the study to understand their impact on perceived need. Method: The study was a secondary data analysis of the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) using logistic regression. The weighted sample consisted of a total 20,077,235 American household residents (The unweighted sample was 5,484 participants). Results of the logistic regression were verified using Relogit software for rare events logistic regression due to the rare event of perceived treatment need (King & Zeng, 2001a; 2001b). Results: The moderating effect of female gender was not found. Conversely, men were significantly more likely than women to perceive a need for treatment as substance use problem severity increased. The study also found that a number of factors such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, marital status, education, co-occurring mental health disorders, and prior treatment history differently impacted the likelihood of perceiving a need for treatment among men and women. Conclusion: Perceived treatment need among individuals who meet criteria for substance use disorders is rare, but identifying factors associated with an increased likelihood of perceiving need for treatment can help the development of gender-appropriate outreach and recruitment for social work treatment, and public health messages.

Orientador: Sabrina Helena Ferigato / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T07:02:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AnaPaulaDonizeteda_M.pdf: 1214794 bytes, checksum: 08f21871e1c8cbb751747c6afecf71be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa busca explorar a experiência de inclusão social de pessoas com transtornos mentais em Campinas-SP. Importa aqui, relacionar as questões de acesso ao trabalho desses sujeitos com as dimensões de seus direitos, desejos e necessidades em desenvolver uma atividade laborativa. Trata-se uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa que se desenvolve na perspectiva de um estudo interventivo e participativo, que incluiu pesquisa de campo, revisão bibliográfica de artigos, livros e teses dentro do campo da clínica psicossocial, da saúde coletiva, entre outros aportes teóricos. O campo investigado, circunscreveu os espaços deliberativos e de tomada de decisões, pertencentes ao conjunto de iniciativas de geração de renda desenvolvidas no município de Campinas-SP, tal seleção se deu em razão destes espaços serem elucidativos da temática aqui tratada. Posto isto, a assembleia do Núcleo de Oficinas e Trabalho (NOT) e as rodas de conversas de três oficinas passaram a integrar o campo de pesquisa. Por meio de ferramentas de produção de dados como a observação participante, diário de campo e grupos focais, este estudo apresenta o material produzido a partir da participação de oficineiros e seus monitores. Com isso pudemos nos aprofundar na análise de como as dimensões supracitadas compareceram nesse espaço. Como resultados identificamos que a necessidade pelo trabalho, bem como o direito e o desejo de trabalhar são categorias que expressam não apenas importantes movimentos de constituição do sujeito em suas relações com trabalho, mas que também podem nortear processos emancipatórios, que confluem para a produção de uma sociedade mais justa e solidária / Abstract: The object of this study is to explore the experience of social inclusion of people with mental disorders in Campinas, São Paulo. The main focus was to link these individuals¿ issues regarding access to employment with the dimensions of their rights, desires, and needs when carrying out professional activities. It is qualitative research that develops in the perspective of a participatory and interventional study which included field research, literature review of articles, books and theses within the psychosocial clinical field of public health, among other theoretical contributions. The researched field circumscribed deliberative and decision-making spaces, pertaining to the set of income-generating initiatives in Campinas-SP. This selection was due to the fact that these spaces are illustrative of the subject being discussed herein. Therefore, the scope of research includes the deliberative assembly of the Center for Workshops and Labor (NOT, in Portuguese) and the rounds of conversation in three workshops. Through data generation tools, namely observation of participants, maintenance of a field log and creation of focus groups, this study presents the material produced in association with workshop participants and their monitors. In consequence, we were able to deepen the analysis of how the aforementioned dimensions took part in this space. Our findings indicate that need for work, as well as a right and a desire to work, are categories that not only go a long way toward the inception of a subject in their relationship with work, but can also guide emancipatory processes that aid in engendering a more just and humane society / Mestrado / Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva