At present, quality of life is a closely monitored and discussed topic not only in the medical field, psychlogy and other social sciences. The diploma thesis ``Quality of life after unilateral nefrectomy{\crq}q deals with this issue from the subjective point of view of those who were subjected to unilateral nefrectomy on their quality of life. The diploma thesis aims at reporting on the subjective quality of life of patients after unilateral nefrectomy and to compare it with the quality of life of the common population. The standardized questionnaire SQUALA was used to study the quality of life. Partial goals of the paper were the diagnosis and comparison between the quality of life of the patients after unilateral nefrectomy and the quality of life of common population in particular fields determined by the above mentioned research tool. The fields are: abstract values, health, relations with the next of kin, leisure time and basic needs. A hypothesis was set for the research: The quality of life of people who had suffered a unilateral nefrectomy does not significantly statistically differ from the quality of life of the common population. The basic file was created by patients treated after having been subjected to unilateral nefrectomy. The criterion for choosing the informants was the diagnosis (patients who were subjected to nefrectomy since they suffered from tumor nefrectomy), the time period since the nefrectomy had been carried out (the informants were subjected to nefrectomy at least one year before), occurrence of other diseases (patients who did not suffer from recurrence of the tumor and who have one fully functional kidney). The control group was made up by patients who do not suffer from any serious chronic disease and whose age corresponds to the age of the patients in the unilateral nefrectomy group.

The subject of the diploma thesis is unilateral nephrectomy from the point of view of the patient. The work is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on kidney diseases, the nephrectomy problems from the patient's as well as the nurse´s perspective, and further on the role of nurses. . The second part is research. The research was realized in urological departments in selected hospitals of South Bohemia. For the research was selected qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interview with two sets of research. The first experimental group consisted of 10 patients after nephrectomy, five respondents after classical open nephrectomy and five after laparoscopic nephrectomy. The second experimental group consisted of 10 nurses working in the urology department of the bed. This thesis diploma was focused on the experiences (feelings) or if at how the patient perceives surgical removal of the kidney. We wanted to know how is the issue seen from the perspective of a patient who is in the hospital experiencing a number of concerns and negative emotions. We also investigated whether a different view of nurses and patients on the issue exists. We have identified three objectives and six esearch questions for this work. The first objective was to determine how the patient perceives urological unilateral nephrectomy. The second objective was to determine what are the most common fears which faces the urology patient before and after surgery. The third objective was to determine what proportion of the nurse to patient information. The first research question was how the patient perceives urological unilateral nephrectomy. The second research question was, how urological patient after unilateral nephrectomy perceive their body image. The third research question was, what are the most common concerns of the patient before surgery. Further, patients who often address their concerns. The fifth research question was how the nurse involved in patient awareness. The last research question was, how often nurse informs the patient. The results of the diploma thesis can serve to nurses when working with urological patients and for the improvement of the nursing care for them. We have created an information map that can serve to patients as an assistant, through which they can prepare themselves for the entire course of hospitalization.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a life-threating disease which arises as a frequent consequence of diabetes and hypertension. Since it is going on silently, CKD often progresses to the end-stage renal disease. It is therefore necessary to combat this disease especially due to the fact that the world population is growing old. The aim of this work was to determine the contribution of selected vasoactive systems contributing to the maintenance of high blood pressure in the developmental and established phase of CKD. Two models of CKD were used: 5/6 nephrectomy in Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) and stenosis of renal artery (2K1C) in Wistar rats. We demonstrated that renin-angiotensin system does not play so important role in blood pressure maintenance in both CKD models. By contrast, a more important role has sympathetic nervous system. During both the developmental and established phase of CKD, vasoconstrictor systems prevail above vasodilator NO-synthase effects. In fact, the role of NO-dependent vasodilation gradually decreased in nephrectomized TGR rats, while it was unchanged in Wistar rats with 2K1C hypertension.