Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-114).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-145).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2008. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-01, page: . Advisers: Robert E. Roberts; Michele Forman. Includes bibliographical references.

Introdução: Os pacientes oncológicos, frequentemente, apresentam complicações graves após cirurgia abdominal. No entanto, existem poucos dados sobre fatores preditores de morbimortalidade neste grupo. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores preditores de complicações graves e óbitos após cirurgia abdominal em pacientes oncológicos. Métodos: Após aprovação pela comissão de ética institucional, 308 pacientes com câncer submetidos a cirurgias abdominais foram avaliados durante 30 dias de pós-operatório quanto à mortalidade ou a complicações infecciosas, cardiovasculares, respiratórias, neurológicas, renais e cirúrgicas. Também foram avaliados o tempo de internação hospitalar e em unidade de terapia intensiva. Foi realizada análise univariada e multivariada com bootstrap para identificação dos fatores independentes preditores de risco. Resultados: De 308 pacientes operados, 106 pacientes (34,4%) desenvolveram complicações graves durante o período de acompanhamento, sendo que 7 (2,27%) evoluíram para óbito. Em um modelo de regressão logística, os fatores idade (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 IC 95% 1.01-1.06], p = 0.012), estado físico da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas >= 3 (OR 2.61 [IC 95% 1.33-5.17], p = 0.003), hemoglobina pré-operatória inferior a 12 g/dL (OR 2.13 [IC 95% 1.21-4.07], p = 0.014), uso de coloides intra-operatórios (OR 1.89, [IC 95% 1.03-4.07], p = 0.047), volume total de fluidos intra-operatórios (OR 1.22 [IC 95% 0.98-1.59], p = 0.106 por litro), sangramento cirúrgico superior a 500 mL (2.07 [IC 95% 1.00-4.31], p = 0.043) e o uso de vasopressores contínuos no intra-operatório (OR 4.68 [IC 95% 1.55-27.72], p = 0.004) foram identificados como fatores de risco independentes. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que estratégia perioperatória baseada no tratamento da anemia pré-operatória, técnica cirúrgica hemostática, uso conservador de hemoderivados, reposição cautelosa de fluidos e prevenção do uso de coloides podem reduzir as complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes com câncer submetidos a cirurgia abdominal. Estes fatores de risco apontados podem ser úteis para futuros estudos com a aplicação de estratégias préoperatórias para otimização dos desfechos / Background: Patients undergoing abdominal surgery for solid tumours frequently develop severe postoperative complications, with impact on quality of life, costs and survival. There are only few studies describing predictive factors for complications in this group. The aim of this study was to identify factors predictive of severe complications, including mortality, in cancer patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, we prospectively evaluated 308 cancer patients following abdominal surgery for 30 days in regard to major complications, including all-cause mortality and infectious, cardiovascular, respiratory, neurologic, renal and surgical complications. The need for treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU), length of the hospital and ICU stay were also evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses with bootstrap were performed to determine risk factors for major complications including 30-day mortality. Results: One hundred and six patients (34.4%) developed a severe complication and 7 (2,27%) died during the 30-day follow-up period. Logistic regression identified age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 [95% CI 1.01-1.06], p=0.012), ASA physical status greater than or equal to 3 (OR 2.61 [95% CI 1.33-5.17], p=0.003), a preoperative hemoglobin level lower than 12 g/dL (OR 2.13 [95% CI 1.21-4.07], p=0.014), intraoperative use of colloids (OR 1.89, [95% CI 1.03-4.07], p=0.047), increased amounts of intravenous fluids (OR 1.22 [95% CI 0.98-1.59], p=0.106 per litre), intraoperative blood losses greater than 500 mL (2.07 [95% CI 1.00-4.31], p=0.043), and the use of continuous vasopressors (OR 4.68 [95% CI 1.55-27.72], p=0.004) as independent risk predictors. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a perioperative strategy based on the treatment of preoperative anemia, implementation of haemostatic surgical techniques, conservative blood management, inflammation control and the avoidance of colloids may reduce postoperative complications in cancer patients after abdominal surgery. These markers may be useful for further studies to develop perioperative optimization strategies for this population

Introdução: Os pacientes oncológicos, frequentemente, apresentam complicações graves após cirurgia abdominal. No entanto, existem poucos dados sobre fatores preditores de morbimortalidade neste grupo. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores preditores de complicações graves e óbitos após cirurgia abdominal em pacientes oncológicos. Métodos: Após aprovação pela comissão de ética institucional, 308 pacientes com câncer submetidos a cirurgias abdominais foram avaliados durante 30 dias de pós-operatório quanto à mortalidade ou a complicações infecciosas, cardiovasculares, respiratórias, neurológicas, renais e cirúrgicas. Também foram avaliados o tempo de internação hospitalar e em unidade de terapia intensiva. Foi realizada análise univariada e multivariada com bootstrap para identificação dos fatores independentes preditores de risco. Resultados: De 308 pacientes operados, 106 pacientes (34,4%) desenvolveram complicações graves durante o período de acompanhamento, sendo que 7 (2,27%) evoluíram para óbito. Em um modelo de regressão logística, os fatores idade (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 IC 95% 1.01-1.06], p = 0.012), estado físico da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas >= 3 (OR 2.61 [IC 95% 1.33-5.17], p = 0.003), hemoglobina pré-operatória inferior a 12 g/dL (OR 2.13 [IC 95% 1.21-4.07], p = 0.014), uso de coloides intra-operatórios (OR 1.89, [IC 95% 1.03-4.07], p = 0.047), volume total de fluidos intra-operatórios (OR 1.22 [IC 95% 0.98-1.59], p = 0.106 por litro), sangramento cirúrgico superior a 500 mL (2.07 [IC 95% 1.00-4.31], p = 0.043) e o uso de vasopressores contínuos no intra-operatório (OR 4.68 [IC 95% 1.55-27.72], p = 0.004) foram identificados como fatores de risco independentes. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que estratégia perioperatória baseada no tratamento da anemia pré-operatória, técnica cirúrgica hemostática, uso conservador de hemoderivados, reposição cautelosa de fluidos e prevenção do uso de coloides podem reduzir as complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes com câncer submetidos a cirurgia abdominal. Estes fatores de risco apontados podem ser úteis para futuros estudos com a aplicação de estratégias préoperatórias para otimização dos desfechos / Background: Patients undergoing abdominal surgery for solid tumours frequently develop severe postoperative complications, with impact on quality of life, costs and survival. There are only few studies describing predictive factors for complications in this group. The aim of this study was to identify factors predictive of severe complications, including mortality, in cancer patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, we prospectively evaluated 308 cancer patients following abdominal surgery for 30 days in regard to major complications, including all-cause mortality and infectious, cardiovascular, respiratory, neurologic, renal and surgical complications. The need for treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU), length of the hospital and ICU stay were also evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses with bootstrap were performed to determine risk factors for major complications including 30-day mortality. Results: One hundred and six patients (34.4%) developed a severe complication and 7 (2,27%) died during the 30-day follow-up period. Logistic regression identified age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 [95% CI 1.01-1.06], p=0.012), ASA physical status greater than or equal to 3 (OR 2.61 [95% CI 1.33-5.17], p=0.003), a preoperative hemoglobin level lower than 12 g/dL (OR 2.13 [95% CI 1.21-4.07], p=0.014), intraoperative use of colloids (OR 1.89, [95% CI 1.03-4.07], p=0.047), increased amounts of intravenous fluids (OR 1.22 [95% CI 0.98-1.59], p=0.106 per litre), intraoperative blood losses greater than 500 mL (2.07 [95% CI 1.00-4.31], p=0.043), and the use of continuous vasopressors (OR 4.68 [95% CI 1.55-27.72], p=0.004) as independent risk predictors. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a perioperative strategy based on the treatment of preoperative anemia, implementation of haemostatic surgical techniques, conservative blood management, inflammation control and the avoidance of colloids may reduce postoperative complications in cancer patients after abdominal surgery. These markers may be useful for further studies to develop perioperative optimization strategies for this population

<p>Rak dojke je trenutno po incidenciji vodeća maligna bolest kod žena kako u razvijenim tako i u zemljama u razvoju. Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je da se defini&scaron;u faktori rizika u populaciji žena uzrasta 50-69 godina koje su obuhvaćene Nacionalnim skrining programom ranog otkrivanja raka dojke mamografijom na teritoriji Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine (APV). U istraživanju je kori&scaron;ćena retrospektivno-prospektivna studija. Za potrebe istraživanja formirana je grupa obolelih žena i kontrolna grupa žena na teritoriji APV. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 510 žena sa teritorije AP Vojvodine, uzrasta od 50 do 69 godina. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su se kao značajni prediktori raka dojke u na&scaron;em istraživanju izdvojili: 1. Hormonska terapija &ndash; one osobe koje su uzimale hormonsku terapiju značajno imaju veću verovatnoću da imaju rak dojke i obrnuto. 2. Prethodna maligna bolest &ndash; osobe koje su prethodno imale neku drugu malignu bolest imaju manju &scaron;ansu da imaju rak dojke&nbsp; 3. One žene koje vr&scaron;e samokontrolu dojke če&scaron;će su u nekliničkom uzorku. 4. Žene koje su u grupi starijih su če&scaron;će u kliničkom uzorku. 5. One osobe koje imaju u porodici nekog ko je oboleo od raka dojke če&scaron;će i same oboljevaju. Ovo je prvo istraživanje o faktorima rizika za rak dojke na populaciji žena AP Vojvodine u okviru Nacionalnog programa ranog otkrivanja raka dojke. Rezultati istraživanja daju osnove za buduća istraživanja iz ove oblasti, takođe mogu da utiču na podizanje svesti žena o značaju redovnih pregleda i ranom otkrivanju raka dojke kao i pružanje podr&scaron;ke programu skrininga.</p> / <p>Breast cancer is currently theleading malignant disease in women both in developed and developing countries. The main goal of the research was to define risk factors in the population of women aged 50-69 years, covered by the National Screening Program for Early Detection of Breast Cancer by Mammography on the territory of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The researchwasconducted asretrospective-prospective study. For the purpose of the research,were formed a group of diseased women and a control group of women in the territory of AP Vojvodina . The research involved 510 women with the territory of AP Vojvodina, aged 50 to 69 years. The results of the study showed that as significant predictors ofbreast cancer in our study. 1.Hormone Therapy -Those who have taken hormone therapy are significantly more likely to have breast cancer and vice versa. 2. Pre-existing malignant disease -people who previously had any other malignant disease have a lowerchance of having breast cancer 3. Women who perform self-control of their breasts are more often in a non-clinical sampl.e 4. Women in the elderly group are more often in the clinical sample. 5. Those who have a family member who has breast cancer are more likely to suffer from their own illness. This is the first study on the risk factors for breast cancer in the population of AP Vojvodina women within the National Breast Cancer Screening Program. The results of the research provide the basics for future research in this area, they can also help raise women&#39;s awareness of the importance of regular screening and early detection of breast cancer, as well as supporting the screening program</p>