The main aim of this thesis is to provide greater details on the timing of the fluvial river systems formation in the middle and the northern Bohemia. We focused on the Ploučnice River and Vltava River evolution. The river systems are very complex therefore we have used multiple approaches of the research with the disciplines range from geology, sedimentology, geomorphology, geochemistry, over different dating methods such as 10Be and 26Al isochron burial dating, optically stimulated luminescence dating and radiocarbon dating methods. Our results suggests that the terraces are significantly older than previously proposed. The fluvial style of the Ploučnice River system changes from high-energy braided to long-bend meandered river in the upper terrace levels (36 to 29 m above the modern river) and from high- to medium-energy braided river in the middle terrace levels (22-14 m). In the lower terrace levels (13 to 5 m) high-energy braided to long-bend meandered river environments were identified. Terraces were dating at 34 m, 29 m and 14 m above the modern floodplain with cosmogenic radionuclides while the 19 m, 12 m and 6 m above the modern floodplain terraces were dating with OSL. The time span represented by the river terraces remains unclear and varies from Eburonian to Eemian (1.68 to 0.056 Ma)....

[Truncated abstract] The southwest of Western Australia is an intraplate area classified as a stable continental region. It comprises predominantly Archaean and Proterozoic geology and has generally subdued topography. The region currently experiences significant seismicity in the Southwest Seismic Zone (SWSZ), which is one of the most seismically active areas in Australia and is thought to represent the highest seismic hazard of the region. In recent years, numerous scarps, potentially related to large palaeoearthquakes have been recognised not only within the SWSZ, but also in a broader region of the southwest of Australia. Palaeoseismological investigations of two of these scarps, the Dumbleyung and the Lort River scarps, confirm their association with surface-rupturing palaeoearthquakes and indicate events with likely maximum magnitudes of ~Mw 7.0 on faults of low to medium slip rates. Two trenches across the Dumbleyung Fault scarp revealed a thrust fault in alluvial sediments with two associated earthquakes in the last ca 24-60 ka. A possible Holocene age was recognised for the last recorded earthquake event exposed in these trenches. Two trenches across the Lort River Scarp show that this feature results from thrust faulting in the weathered gneissic country rock. These trenches exposed evidence of two events in the last ca 35 ka, with a likely late Pleistocene age for the last earthquake. On both sites, the earthquakes are interpreted as associated with the last phase of fault activity, which was likely been preceded by a long period of quiescence. Assessment of the earthquake hazard associated with large earthquakes at the Dumbleyung and Lort River Faults resulted in calculated peak ground accelerations of up to 2 g in the near-fault fields. Such earthquakes would significantly affect nearby towns such as Dumbleyung, Wagin, Katanning, and Esperance, but they are unlikely to cause any significant damage in Perth. The palaeoseismological investigations show that the earthquake activity in the southwest of Western Australia is not only confined to the SWSZ, as it has been considered in previous assessments of the seismic hazard, but that there is also potential for strong earthquakes across much of the region. The seismicity in the southwest of Western Australia appears to be transient and migratory. This is suggested by the lack of local relief associated with places of current seismicity and fault scarps, the widespread distribution of the fault scarps across the region, the increase in seismicity in the SWSZ following strong recent events, and the apparent long periods of earthquake recurrence at fault sites. Accordingly, the current seismicity in the SWSZ is inferred to be transient and probably associated with stress changes produced by the recent earthquakes. '...' This uplift could be associated with dynamic topography effects resulting from processes along the plate margins. The uplift is probably enhanced by a flexural response of the lithosphere to local differential loads and density contrast along the southern margin, a mechanism that may also help explain the occurrence of some earthquake activity. The results from this study, complemented by additional palaeoseismological studies must be included in future probabilistic assessments of the seismic hazard of the southwest of Western Australia.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T19:48:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvanaPPG_TESE_pag119_final.pdf: 4384081 bytes, checksum: f4e3889e03bd2b77ef4e8f1b271723a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The Northeast relief was described by the Pediplanation Model. This action discards the theoretical basis of post-Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the landscape. Through this model the Massif Pereiro - MP, Borborema Province, was established as part of the Tablelands Area Residual Sertanejos. The present work aims to establish the post- Cretaceous morphotectonic evolution of the MP by geomorphological and geological mapping using Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing and dating of sediments by Single Aliquot Regenerative-dose (SAR). The MP is contained in the core semi-arid, annual precipitation of 600-800 mm / year. The MP is NE-SW, is limited by Shear Zone Jaguaribe (ZCJ) and Portalegre Shear Zone (ZCPa), the same attitude, and crossed by several other shear zones. These shear zones show evidence of brittle Cenozoic reactivation, mostly as normal faults and shallow crustal level. The Quaternary sedimentation around the MP focuses on fault escarpments in a general pattern cascade, where ages decrease from the summits of the steep foothills. The ages of 51 sediment samples indicate a correlation with global climate following pulses: Last Interestadial-UI, the Last Glacial Maximum - LGM and the transition Pleistocene / Holocene, while the latter focus on 18 of 51 samples dated. This study also finds evidence of a new quaternary basin, here called Merejo Basin. Through these results it is concluded that no evidence of post-Cretaceous tectonic evolution of morphological MP, as their retreat along the fault scarps, invariably following the trend of the shear zones. The erosion of cliffs in large time scale is controlled by weakness zones generated by faults on the other hand the erosion of cliffs in short time, with the formation of deposits and colluvial horizons pedogenizados, has climate control. It was also found that in the study area there is a preponderance of past and current tectonic erosion processes on the morphological evolution / O relevo do Nordeste foi descrito por meio do modelo de pediplana??o. Esta base te?rica descarta a atua??o da tect?nica p?s-cret?cea na evolu??o da paisagem. Atrav?s deste modelo o Maci?o do Pereiro MP, Prov?ncia Borborema, foi definido como parte do Dom?nio dos Planaltos Residuais Sertanejos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer a evolu??o morfotect?nica p?s-cret?cea do MP, atrav?s da cartografia geol?gica e geomorfol?gica com uso de Sistema de Informa??o Geogr?fica, Sensoriamento Remoto e data??o de sedimentos por Single Aliquot Regenerative-dose (SAR). O MP est? contido no n?cleo semi?rido, de precipita??o anual entre 600 a 800 mm/ano. O MP tem dire??o NE-SW, ? limitado pela Zona de Cisalhamento de Jaguaribe (ZCJ) e Zona de Cisalhamento Portalegre (ZCPa), de mesma atitude, e atravessado por v?rias outras zonas de cisalhamento. Estas zonas de cisalhamento apresentam evid?ncias de reativa??o fr?gil cenozoica, na sua maioria como falhas normais e de n?vel crustal raso. A sedimenta??o quatern?ria em torno do MP se concentra em escarpas de falhas, em um padr?o geral em cascata, onde as idades diminuem das cimeiras aos sop?s das escarpas. As idades de 51 amostras de sedimentos indicam correla??o com seguintes pulsos clim?ticos globais: ?ltimo Interestadial- UI, o ?ltimo M?ximo Glacial - UMG e a transi??o Pleistoceno/Holoceno, sendo que nesta ?ltima concentram-se 18 das 51 amostras datadas. O presente trabalho tamb?m encontra evid?ncias de uma nova bacia quatern?ria, aqui denominada de Bacia Merejo. Atrav?s destes resultados conclui-se que h? evidencia de tect?nica p?s-cret?cea na evolu??o morfol?gica do MP, pois as suas escarpas recuam paralelamente ?s falhas, seguindo invariavelmente o trend das zonas de cisalhamento. A eros?o das escarpas em grande escala de tempo ? controlada pelas zonas de fraqueza geradas pelos falhamentos, por outro lado ? eros?o das escarpas em curtos espa?os de tempos, com a forma??o dos dep?sitos coluvionares e horizontes pedogenizados, possui controle clim?tico. Concluise ainda que na ?rea de estudo haja a preponder?ncia da tect?nica pret?rita e atual sobre os processos erosivos na evolu??o morfol?gica

Controls on denudation in the eastern Bolivian Andes are evaluated by synthesis of new and existing denudation estimates from basin-morphometry, stream - powered fluvial incision, landslide mapping, sediment flux, erosion surfaces, thermochronology, foreland basin sediment volumes, and structural restorations. Centered at 17.5 °S, the northeastern Bolivian Andes exhibit high relief, a wet climate, and a narrow fold- thrust belt. In contrast, the southeastern Bolivian Andes have low relief, a semi-arid climate, and a wide fold-thrust belt. Basin -morphometry indicates a northward increase in relief and relative denudation. Stream-power along river profiles shows greater average incision rates in the north by a factor of 2 to 4. In the south, profile knickpoints with high incision rates are controlled by fold-thrust belt structures such as the surface expressions of basement megathrusts, faults, folds, and lithologic boundaries. Landslide and sediment-flux data are controlled by climate, elevation, basin morphology, and size and show a similar trend; short -term denudation-rate averages are greater in the north (1- 9 mm/yr) than the south (0.3-0.4 mm/yr). Long-term denudation-rate estimates including fission track, basin fill, erosion surfaces, and structural restorations also exhibit greater values in the north (0.2-0.8 mm/yr) compared to the south (0.04-0.3 mm/yr). Controls on long-term denudation rates include relief, orographic and global atmospheric circulation patterns of precipitation, climate change, glaciation, and fold-thrust belt geometry and kinematics. The denudation synthesis supports two conclusions: 1) denudation rates have increased towards the present 2) an along-strike disparity in denudation (greater in the north) has existed since at least the Miocene and has increased towards the present. Denudation rates and controls suggest that Bolivian mountain morphology is controlled by both its orientation at mid-latitude, and the feedbacks between uplift, kinematics, orographic effects on precipitation, glaciation, and the increased erosion that accompanies orogenesis.

Ein durch den Lausitzer Braunkohlentagebau Welzow-Süd erschlossener, etwa 250 x 800 m ausgedehnter Aufschluss in den Sedimenten des sogenannten Senftenberger Elbelaufes bzw. der obermiozänen Rauno-Formation bot Anlass für umfangreiche Geländedokumentationen und eine Neubetrachtung der Thematik dieser Elbeablagerungen. Anhand verschiedener sedimentologischer und chemisch-mineralogischer Dokumentationen und Analyseverfahren wurden sowohl dieser Aufschluss als auch acht weitere Lokalitäten untersucht. Im Fokus der Auswertung standen zum einen eine detaillierte Milieu- und Geneseinterpretation der fluviatilen Sedimente im Tagebau Welzow-Süd, zum anderen die Frage nach der stratigraphischen Korrelation der durch quartäre Erosion isolierten Aufschlüsse. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass die Senftenberger Elbe mit der Hebung des Oberlausitz-Plateaus als verflochtener Fluss vom späteren Elbtal aus durch die Lausitz Richtung Paläo-Nordsee strömte. Eine räumlich-zeitliche Korrelation der einzelnen Aufschlüsse und eine konkrete Flussverlaufsrekonstruktion sind nicht möglich. Auch die bisher etablierte Unterteilung der Senftenberger Elbe in drei zeitliche Abschnitte ist nicht belastbar. Es ist von einer variablen Flussverlaufsentwicklung mit zuströmenden Nebenflüssen auszugehen. Die biostratigraphischen Arbeiten verschiedener Autoren belegen ein obermiozänes bis pliozänes Alter.:Zusammenfassung Abstract Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Anlagenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 2 Methodik 2.1 Geländeuntersuchungen 2.2 Laboruntersuchungen 2.3 Untersuchungen an Konkretionen 3 Regionale Geologie 4 Stand der Wissenschaft 5 Ergebnisse 5.1 Tagebau Auerhahn 5.2 Ehemalige Kiesgrube bei Brauna 5.3 Tagebau Cunnersdorf 5.4 Tagebau Laußnitz I 5.5 Tagebau bei Lauta 5.6 Tagebau Nochten 5.7 Tagebau Sallgast 5.8 Tagebau Welzow-Süd 5.9 Tagebau Wiesa 5.10 Korngrößenparameter 5.11 Kornform 5.12 Modalbestand der Gerölle 6,3 - 10 mm 5.13 Hellglimmer 5.14 Schwerminerale 5.15 Paläoströmung 6 Interpretation und Diskussion 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 8 Danksagung 9 Literaturverzeichnis / The lignite opencast mine Welzow-Süd, Lusatia, provided an excellent outcrop of the fluvial sediments of the so-called Senftenberger Elbelauf (Rauno Formation, Upper Miocene) with a dimension of 250 to 800 m, that delivered new insights into the history of this former river. This location and additionally eight further outcrops were investigated using different sedimentological and chemical-mineralogical analyses. A detailed interpretation of the environment and genesis of the fluvial sediments in Welzow-Süd is given and the results for all investigated outcrops are related. After the uplift of the Upper Lusatian Plateau, the Senftenberger Elbe developed to a braided river, that ran through the Lusatian region towards the paleo North Sea. A precise reconstruction of the river channels way is not possible. A reliable spatiotemporal correlation of the single outcrops can’t be given. Furthermore, the so far established division of this river into three parts of different ages must be rejected. A complex river system with feeder channels and variable flow pattern is more probable. The biostratigraphic results of different authors prove an Upper Miocene to Pliocene age.:Zusammenfassung Abstract Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Anlagenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 2 Methodik 2.1 Geländeuntersuchungen 2.2 Laboruntersuchungen 2.3 Untersuchungen an Konkretionen 3 Regionale Geologie 4 Stand der Wissenschaft 5 Ergebnisse 5.1 Tagebau Auerhahn 5.2 Ehemalige Kiesgrube bei Brauna 5.3 Tagebau Cunnersdorf 5.4 Tagebau Laußnitz I 5.5 Tagebau bei Lauta 5.6 Tagebau Nochten 5.7 Tagebau Sallgast 5.8 Tagebau Welzow-Süd 5.9 Tagebau Wiesa 5.10 Korngrößenparameter 5.11 Kornform 5.12 Modalbestand der Gerölle 6,3 - 10 mm 5.13 Hellglimmer 5.14 Schwerminerale 5.15 Paläoströmung 6 Interpretation und Diskussion 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 8 Danksagung 9 Literaturverzeichnis