According to the classical efficient-coding hypothesis, biological neurons are naturally adapted to transmit and process information about the stimulus in an optimal way. Shannon's information theory provides methods to compute the fundamental limits on maximal information transfer by a general system. Understanding how these limits differ between different classes of neurons may help us to better understand how sensory and other information is processed in the brain. In this work we provide a brief review of information theory and its use in computational neuroscience. We use mathematical models of neuronal cells with stochastic input that realistically reproduce different activity patterns observed in real cortical neurons. By employing the neuronal input-output pro- perties we calculate several key information-theoretic characteristics, including the information capacity. In order to determine the information capacity we propose an iterative extension of the Blahut-Arimoto algorithm that generalizes to continuous input channels subjected to constraints. Finally, we compare the information optimality conditions among different models and parameter sets. 1

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Bc. Veronika Novotná Supervisor: doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Title of diploma thesis: Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases The diploma thesis deals with mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases and it is divided into two main parts. The first part summarized the classification of neurodegenerative diseases and general charakteristic of mitochondria.Then a describe of the processes of oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, apoptosis and briefly decribe the nervous system. The second part deals with description of mitochondrial dysfunction in selected nerodegenerative diseases. The recent studies refer to connection between mitochondrial dysfunctions and formation of neurodegenerative diseases. Keywords: excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders, neuronal cell death, oxidative damage

The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of acquired dysarthric and swallowing disorders in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and on multidisciplinary care provided to patients with this disease. Theoretical part of the thesis is divided into three chapters. The introductory chapter presents a summary of current knowledge about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The following two chapters are dedicated to dysarthria and dysphagia and their specifics in ALS. The practical part of the diploma thesis is represented by the fourth chapter which incorporates a research survey focused on multidisciplinary care provided to patients with ALS. The primary aim of the research is to evaluate the multidisciplinary care provided to two selected patients with ALS with a focus on speech and swallowing disorders. The secondary objectives of the research relate to the evaluation of the extent of acquired dysarthric and swallowing disorders of these patients, providing a comprehensive overview of the course and content of the provided care and gathering information to create information brochure for patients with ALS and caregivers. The research approach to achieve the determined objectives of the research survey is creation of case studies using qualitative methods of data collection, which is a structured interview...

The Theses deals with applications of mathematical knowledge in teaching biology and it is divided into four chapters. Each chapter is dedicated to another application: 1. Application of conditional probability in medical diagnostics, 2. Application of exponential function in population ecology, 3. Application of logic functions in mathematical modelation of neuron and 4. Aplication of binomial theorem and binomial distribution in genetics. Each application contains solved problems, a worksheet for students and a solution for each worksheet. Two application (1. and 2.) have been tested in teaching and as an assessment of my lessons students filled questionnaires. Results of these questionnaires are processed in the end of these chapters. This Thesis can be used in teaching or self-studying.

This master thesis deals with design and implementation of betting agent. It covers issues such as theoretical background of an online betting, probability and statistics. In its first part it is focused on data mining and explains the principle of knowledge mining form data warehouses and certain methods suitable for different types of tasks. Second, it is concerned with neural networks and algorithm of back-propagation. All the findings are demonstrated on and supported by graphs and histograms of data analysis, made via SAS Enterprise Miner program. In conclusion, the thesis summarizes all the results and offers specific methods of extension of the agent.