Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:55:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:38:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05827.pdf: 4162110 bytes, checksum: 4818bf19a034f75fcbef60b0310a8176 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05408.pdf: 10272523 bytes, checksum: f76b1c2fee05365386402c5aa1063133 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:36:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 03968.pdf: 1649642 bytes, checksum: 95e6e89ec5ba0b4cdf75c95e00c7fb9a (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:25:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06789.pdf: 8523465 bytes, checksum: cf621ab32dfdca4609c1f77439a6f0f7 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:55:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O Laboratório de Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons (LAN) do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), utiliza esta técnica analítica multielementar, baseada na irradiação de uma amostra por um feixe de nêutrons oriundos de um reator nuclear, que induz a radioatividade; que é medida em um espectrômetro de raios gama, para a obtenção dos espectros de raios gama. Neste trabalho é implementado um software denominado de SAANI (Software Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons Instrumental) para análise de espectros de raios gama, desenvolvido para os usuários do laboratório LAN-IPEN, com a filosofia de software livre, para a substituição do software existente VISPECT/VERSÃO 2, e tem como características principais: tornar a interface mais amigável; facilitar a padronização dos procedimentos realizados pelos pesquisadores, estudantes e técnicos; ser extensível com a utilização da tecnologia de plugins; multiplataforma; código livre. O software foi desenvolvido utilizando a linguagem de programação Python, a biblioteca gráfica Trolltech Qt e algumas de suas extensões científicas. Os resultados preliminares obtidos utilizando o software SAANI foram comparados aos obtidos com o software existente e foram considerados bons. Algumas diferenças encontradas foram verificadas oriundas de erros de precisão na implementação do software. O software SAANI está instalado nos computadores de usuários selecionados para a execução de rotinas de análise para uma maior verificação de sua robustez, precisão e usabilidade. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:38:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05827.pdf: 4162110 bytes, checksum: 4818bf19a034f75fcbef60b0310a8176 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

The subject of whether fluorine (F) is detrimental to human health has been controversial for many years. Much of the discussion focusses on the known benefits and known detriments to dental care and problems that fluorine causes in bone structure at high doses. It is therefore desirable to have the means to monitor fluorine concentrations in the human body as a means to directly assess exposure. A monitoring tool could be applied in studies of human health and perhaps answer some of the questions regarding levels at which fluorine has protective effects and negative health consequences. This thesis presents work in the further development of a low risk non-invasive method for the monitoring of fluorine in human bone. The work was based on the technique of neutron activation analysis (NAA). Fluorine accumulates in bone as a long term storage site following exposure. In this thesis, the McMaster Tandem accelerator was used to produce neutrons through the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction, measuring F levels in the human hand bone using IVNAA. The gamma rays emitted through the 19F(n,γ )20F reaction are measured using nine NaI(Tl) detectors with 4π geometry. Four published papers are presented in this thesis. The main outcome of the first publication was the development of a new phantom. This was needed to reduce the aluminum contamination. The main outcome of the second publication was a series of improvements to the method for the in vivo measurement of bone fluorine using NAA of the new phantoms. In the third publication the best hand position and neutron flux map in the irradiation cavity were determined through both Monte Carlo simulation (FLUKA) and experimental methods. Finally, the fourth publication describes the utility of the improved technique in a pilot study of environmentally exposed people. The overall conclusion from this thesis work is that a low risk monitoring tool, based on an NAA technique, has been developed which is capable of monitoring fluorine in urban Canadians. The technique can now be applied in studies of human health. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Aluminum is a neurotoxin and has been recognized as a causative agent for dialysis encephalopathy and renal osteodystrophy, as well as possibly being related to Alzheimer's disease. General public exposures to aluminum have increased in the modern, industrial age stimulating scientists to inquire into the degree of risk associated with such widespread use of aluminum. Aluminum is thought to be stored in bone, therefore, development of an in vivo method for the determination of aluminum a in human bone, suitable for routine monitoring of patients and population is the goal of this study. Using neutron activation analysis, low-energy neutrons are produced on the KN accelerator inducing the 27Al(n,y)28AI reaction in an irradiated site. Two different shapes (cylindrical and flat) of aluminum doped tissue equivalent phantoms, simulating both bone and soft tissue, have been built. Calibration lines, detection limits and doses delivered with the different shapes of phantom have been discussed, and compared to the previously published results. Two detection systems. an assembly of two large Nal{Tl) detectors and a hyperpure germani Jm detector, have been compared as well. The results achieved suggest that this technique may provide an alternative choice to painful bone biopsy for the in vivo monitoring of aluminum intoxication from long-term exposure. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

O Laboratório de Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons (LAN) do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), utiliza esta técnica analítica multielementar, baseada na irradiação de uma amostra por um feixe de nêutrons oriundos de um reator nuclear, que induz a radioatividade; que é medida em um espectrômetro de raios gama, para a obtenção dos espectros de raios gama. Neste trabalho é implementado um software denominado de SAANI (Software Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons Instrumental) para análise de espectros de raios gama, desenvolvido para os usuários do laboratório LAN-IPEN, com a filosofia de software livre, para a substituição do software existente VISPECT/VERSÃO 2, e tem como características principais: tornar a interface mais amigável; facilitar a padronização dos procedimentos realizados pelos pesquisadores, estudantes e técnicos; ser extensível com a utilização da tecnologia de plugins; multiplataforma; código livre. O software foi desenvolvido utilizando a linguagem de programação Python, a biblioteca gráfica Trolltech Qt e algumas de suas extensões científicas. Os resultados preliminares obtidos utilizando o software SAANI foram comparados aos obtidos com o software existente e foram considerados bons. Algumas diferenças encontradas foram verificadas oriundas de erros de precisão na implementação do software. O software SAANI está instalado nos computadores de usuários selecionados para a execução de rotinas de análise para uma maior verificação de sua robustez, precisão e usabilidade. / This study developed a specific software for gamma ray spectra analysis for researchers of the Neutron Activation Laboratory (LAN), which was named SAANI (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis Software). The LAN laboratory of the Institute for Research and Nuclear Energy (IPEN-CNEN/SP), uses a multielementar analytical technique, based on irradiation of a sample by a flux of neutrons from a nuclear reactor, which induces radioactivity. The sample is then placed in a gamma-ray spectrometer, to obtain the spectrum. With free software philosophy in mind, this software will replace the existing software VISPECT / VERSION 2. The new software´s main features are: a friendlier interface; easier standardization procedure carried out by LAN staff and researchers; adapted to the use of plug technology; multiplatform and code free. The software was developed using the programming Python language, the library Trolltech Qt graphics and some of their scientific extensions. Preliminary results using the SANNI software were compared to those obtained with the existing software and were considered good. There were some errors in accuracy during the implementation of the software. The SAANI software has been installed in selected computers to be used for routine analysis in order to verify its strength, accuracy and usability.