English Abstract This diploma thesis consists of nine chapters and focuses on the criminal law aspects of the crime - the murder of a newborn baby caused by mother. The first chapter contains an introduction to the topic, mainly the brief historical excursion and analysis of current legislation. The next chapter is devoted to the general discussion of the privileged state of facts. The following passage of my thesis deals with the characteristics of state of facts of newborn's murder crime. The characteristics specifically are: a subject, a subjective aspect, an object and an objective aspect. In the chapter about the subjective aspect (the psychological state of the mother character as a type of crime) I devote more attention to the theme of crime and the problematic term "distress after birth." I'm trying to define the duration of the distress caused by childbirth. In the chapter about the object of the crime, called Newborn's life as the object of a criminal offense, I mainly devote to the material object of an attack. I try to present the different views on the problems of determination of the human's life beginning. The sixth chapter (called Newborn's death as a result of mother's treatment) deals with various ways of murderous treatments, which are supplemented by the casuistry. In this section I also...

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1982.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1982.

The Crime of Murder of a Newborn Child by the Mother Abstract The topic of this diploma thesis is the crime of murder of a newborn child by the mother. In the first part of the thesis, the author deals with a historical excursion in the Czech lands from the 16th century until the end of the 20th century. The chapter maps the development of the regulation from early modern laws to the current Criminal Code and reflects the influence of previous regulations on the current form of this crime. The work also deals with criminological aspects of this issue in the 16th-19th century. The second chapter focuses on the individual elements of § 142 of the Criminal Code, ie. object, actus reus, subject and mens rea of this crime. The author discusses here, for example, the definition of the time when the crime of murdering a newborn child by a mother can be committed. It also addresses the issue of committing this crime in an omissive manner and the pitfalls associated with proving intent in such cases. The following chapter deals with the developmental stages of this crime and the author discusses mainly the attempt of this crime, with emphasis on the circumstances of the cessation of criminality of the attempt and the attempt on an unfit object of an attack. The fourth chapter of this work is devoted to prevention....

Bakgrund: Trots fördelarna med nollseparation sker fortsatt viss separation vid sjukhusvistelse mellan mamma och barn efter förlossningen. I dagsläget ses variationer i möjligheten till bibehållen nollseparation på olika sjukhus i Sverige. Syfte: Att undersöka förlossnings-, BB- och neonatalpersonals erfarenheter av nollseparation mellan mamman och det nyfödda barnet på ett mellanstort sjukhus i Sverige. Metod: En kvalitativ fokusgruppsintervjustudie med induktiv ansats, om totalt 17 informanter, som har bearbetats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Efter genomförd innehållsanalys framkom 12 underkategorier som mynnade ut i fyra kategorier; Betydelsen av att nollseparera, Möjliggörande förhållningssätt, Hinder längs vägen samt Behov av förbättring. Ett tema framkom som En gemensam strävan att inte separera vilket syftade till vårdpersonalens vilja och engagemang om att bibehålla nollseparation mellan mamman, barnet och familjen. Slutsats: Vårdpersonalen på det berörda sjukhuset har ett starkt engagemang för att hålla samman mamman, det nyfödda barnet och familjen som helhet, men i nuläget finns det inte alltid förutsättningar för att åstadkomma nollseparation i den grad de önskar. Klinisk tillämpbarhet: Barnets rättighet till sin förälder stärks genom att vårdpersonalen tillämpar nollseparation i sitt arbete. Studiens fynd skulle sannolikt kunna tas i beaktande av vårdpersonal, samt kunna ligga till grund för utvecklandet av rutiner och utbildningsformer rörande nollseparation. / Background: Despite the advantages of zero separation, there is still some separation during hospital stay between mother and child after childbirth. At present, variations are seen in the possibility of maintaining zero separation in different hospitals in Sweden. Aim: To examine the delivery-, maternity- and neonatal professionals’ experiences of zero separation between the mother and the newborn child at a medium-sized hospital in Sweden. Method: A qualitive focus group interview study with an inductive approach, with a total of 17 informants, that has been processed with qualitative content analysis. Results: After completing the content analysis 12 subcategories emerged that resulted in four categories; The meaning of zero separation, Enabling approach, Obstacles along the way and Need for improvement. A theme emerged as A mutual effort not to separate, which was regarded to the healthcare professionalls’ willingness and commitment to maintain zero separation between the mother, the child and the family. Conclusion: The healthcare professionalls’ at the concerned hospital had a strong commitment to keep the mother, newborn child and the family as a whole, but at the present there are not always conditions for achieving zero separation to the extent they wish. Clinical implications: The child’s right to their parent is strengthened by the healthcare professionalls’ application of zero separation in their work. The findings of the study could likely be taken into account by healthcare professionalls’ and could form the basis for development of routines and forms of education concerning zero separation.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-22T12:43:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_LarissaSpiesSubutzki.pdf: 1833489 bytes, checksum: 94804ae8e0e46ca3f593185fa023dbc3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:43:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_LarissaSpiesSubutzki.pdf: 1833489 bytes, checksum: 94804ae8e0e46ca3f593185fa023dbc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-12 / The present paper is based on the thought that there can be no simplified way of understanding and analyzing the facts surrounding human existence and, therefore, a linear approach to exercising multiprofessional care in the process of death and dying. Thus, investing in studies on the phenomenon of death and dying from the perspective of complexity thinking will contribute to the establishment of a "new professional order", motivated by an extended and systemic understanding of care throughout the existential cycle. The purpose of this study was to validate the theoretical-practical construct on the multiprofessional care of neonates in the process of death and dying in neonatal intensive care units, following a complexity thinking. And, as specific objectives: To analyze the scientific productions on multiprofessional care in the process of death and dying in neonatal intensive care units; To know the perception of the multiprofessional team of neonatal intensive care units on the process of death and dying of neonates, and To describe the stages of construction on the process of death and dying in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units . In order to meet the first objective, an integrative research was carried out in PubMed, Lilacs and Bdenf Databases, which resulted in the inclusion of 13 productions, which were decoded into three categories of analysis: the perception of the multiprofessional team about the process of death and dying, strategies of care in the face of neonatal death and family reaction to the process of death and dying. To meet the second objective, a qualitative exploratory-descriptive study was carried out through a focus group technique with 35 professionals from the multiprofessional team who work in a neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit from May to July. A third specific objective was reached through a methodological research, which sought to describe the construction and validation stages of a construct on the process of death and dying in neonatal intensive care units, following a complexity thinking. In response to the latter objective, on the analysis of renowned specialists, a return of twelve instruments were evaluated in the first round and eleven instruments in the second Delphi round. In the first round, suggestions were made for changes in relation to the conceptual and formative dimensions of the construct. The construct was considered valid, both in content and appearance and will contribute to the expanded and multiprofessional understanding of the process of death and dying of neonates and children locally and nationally. It is concluded, therefore, that the process of death and dying of neonates and children constitutes a singular and complex process, both for the multiprofessional team and for the family members. In this direction, the validation of a theoretical-practical construct on the process of death and dying, in the perspective of complex thinking, constitutes a proactive strategy for the (re) thinking of human existence itself, in addition to enabling theoretical-practical reflections among professionals of the multiprofessional team that contributes to the confrontation of the adversities and the uncertainties inherent to existential and caring dynamics. Complex thinking corroborates, in this direction, with the bet that it is not possible to escape the uncertainties and adversities of life, but that it is necessary to assume death and dying as a phenomenon that is part of the existential dynamics. / O presente estudo sustenta-se no pensamento de que não pode haver uma forma simplificada de compreender e analisar os fatos que envolvem a existência humana e, tão pouco, uma abordagem linear no exercício do cuidado multiprofissional no processo de morte e morrer. Assim, investir em estudos sobre o fenômeno de morte e morrer na perspectiva do pensamento da complexidade contribuirá para o estabelecimento de uma nova ordem profissional, motivada pela compreensão ampliada e sistêmica do cuidado em todo o ciclo existencial. Com base nesta aposta, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral: Validar construto teórico-prático sobre o cuidado multiprofissional de neonatos no processo de morte e morrer em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, à luz do pensamento da complexidade. E, como objetivos específicos: Analisar as produções científicas sobre o cuidado multiprofissional no processo de morte e morrer em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal; Conhecer a percepção da equipe multiprofissional da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal sobre o processo de morte e morrer de neonatos e, Descrever as etapas de construção e validação de um construto sobre o processo de morte e morrer em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Para atender o primeiro objetivo foi realizada uma pesquisa integrativa nas Bases de Dados PubMed, Lilacs e Bdenf, a qual resultou na inclusão de 13 produções, as quais foram decodificadas em quatro categorias de análise: percepção da equipe multiprofissional sobre o processo de morte e morrer, estratégias de cuidados diante da morte neonatal e reação da família face ao processo de morte e morrer. Para atender o segundo objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratório-descritiva, por meio da técnica de grupo focal, com 35 profissionais da equipe multiprofissional que atuam em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, no período de maio a julho de 2016. O terceiro objetivo específico foi alcançado a partir de uma pesquisa metodológica, que buscou descrever as etapas de construção e de validação de um construto sobre o processo de morte e morrer em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, à luz do pensamento da complexidade. Em resposta a este último objetivo obteve-se, na análise dos especialistas em âmbito nacional, um retorno de doze instrumentos avaliados na primeira rodada e, onze instrumentos, na segunda rodada Delphi. Na primeira rodada foram realizadas sugestões de mudanças em relação as dimensões conceitual e formativa do construto. O construto foi considerado válido tanto em conteúdo quanto em aparência e, certamente, contribuirá para a compreensão ampliada e multiprofissional do processo de morte e morrer de neonatos em âmbito local e em território nacional. Conclui-se, portanto, que o processo de morte e morrer de neonatos se constitui em processo singular e complexo, tanto para a equipe multiprofissional, quanto para os familiares. Nessa direção, a validação de um construto teórico-prático sobre o processo de morte e morrer, na perspectiva do pensamento complexo, se constitui em estratégia proativa para o (re)pensar da própria existência humana, além de possibilitar reflexões teórico-práticas entre os profissionais da equipe multiprofissional que contribuam para o enfrentamento das adversidades e das incertezas inerentes à dinâmica existencial e cuidativa. O pensamento complexo corrobora, nessa direção, com a aposta de que não é possível fugir das incertezas e das adversidades da vida, mas de que é preciso assumir a morte e o morrer como fenômeno integrante da dinâmica existencial.

This thesis deals with the problem of unwanted children in Czech Republic and looks for answers to solve it. Unwanted children are those children whose parents, for whatever reason, do not want to take care of them. Institutional solution is the solution decided by court. In the text there are presented options of these children and options of their parents. The paper therefore deals with a description of surrogate children care and its forms - surrogate family care and institutional care. Besides it brings also a description of forms system of legal anonymous abandonment of a newborn child. Characterizes children, reasons why parents abandon them and the parents themselves. Mentions causes of placing children into institutions and briefly describes also these institutions, including number of children placed in them. For better orientation it also outlines a gradual historical development of care of unwanted children.