The aim of this study was to make recommendations for the facilitation of professional socialization of the newly qualified registered nurse (NQRN) through exploration and description of the NQRN„s experience of professional socialization at a specific private hospital and factors that may contribute to the resignation of bursary holders. The rationale behind this study was that bursary holders resign before or just after completing their contractual binding. An explorative, descriptive and qualitative research design was used. The sample included al the NQRN who met the inclusive criteria. Data collection was done by the writing of narratives by eight (8) participant‟s and followed with a focus group discussion to confirm the data. The contents was analyzed independently by two coders and three (3) themes and four (4) sub themes where identified. The first theme describes the NQRNs‟ experience of professional socialization and includes the sub themes, organizational climate and accompaniment. The second theme describes the reasons for resignation, namely salary and further study or training. A third theme describes the participants‟ recommendations to management to prevent resignation. The themes were described with relevant research- and subject literature. Each theme was summarized in a conclusion that served as basis for recommendations regarding the facilitation of the NQRNs‟ professional socialization to the private hospital‟s management and training department, as well as recommendations for further research. The study was concluded with the researcher‟s evaluation of the study, identification of limitations and the researcher‟s reflection on the study. / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The study attempted to identify R425 diplomates' perceptions of their psychiatric competencies. An exploratory descriptive survey investigated specific strengths and weaknesses of the R425 diplomates in the psychiatric clinical units in the KwaZulu-Natal Province, as perceived by the diplomates themselves. The diplomates were reportedly competent in performing numerous, but not all cognitive, psychomotor and affective skills addressed by this survey. The R425 diplomates perceived themselves to be incompetent in designing and implementating rehabilitation programmes/workshops, managing community projects, conducting research and managing crises in psychiatric nursing units. / Health Sciences / M.A. (Health Studies)

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of the newly qualified professional nurses in midwifery section doing community service. A qualitative descriptive, interpretative phenomenological research was conducted to determine the experiences. The sample included newly qualified professional nurses doing community service. Data collection was conducted by means of unstructured interviews from ten (n=10) informants. Each interview was approximately 45 minutes. Ethical issues were considered. Hussel and Heidergadian’s data analysis steps were followed. Four (4) themes and eleven (11) sub-themes emerged from the data collected. The findings revealed that the newly qualified professional nurses were in a state of reality shock, demonstrated by challenges such as shortage of human and material resources; overcrowding; lack of support; and the placement of Midwifery Nursing Science in the curriculum has impacted negatively on midwives’ registration as professional nurses. Based on the current practical nursing education environment and further research, this study concludes by presenting its recommendations and limitations. / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)

Thesis (MA (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / This thesis is a theoretical contribution to the debate about statehood in Sub-Saharan Africa. My primary aims have been to interrogate the use of the state concept on the continent, and to open up new theoretical avenues to analyse the state. My starting point has been that the state is a key to solving socio-economic challenges. Yet the social theory that purports to make sense of the state in Africa is poor. Mainstream scholars use prefixes such as ‘failed’, ‘weak’ and ‘quasi’ to make sense of existing African states. If they call for such labels, it is only because an unhelpful ideal type based on the ‘modern’ European state is postulated. Such scholarship is limited to theorising the distance between the ideal type and real states. This approach gives a functionalist account of the state’s relationship with society and economy, but fails to explain the state as a historical product and expression of the distribution of power between social groups. As an alternative way to theorise states, I propose a synthesis between Robert W. Cox and Mahmood Mamdani. Combining Mamdani’s and Cox’s theoretical frameworks avoids the problems that arise when Eurocentric International Relations (IR) theories are applied to an African context. The synthesis adds to both frameworks by addressing a shortcoming in Cox by paying more attention to power struggles in the periphery, and redresses the exclusive focus on Africa in Mamdani. Adding Cox to Mamdani contextualises Mamdani’s African state in space as well as time, whereas adding Mamdani to Cox shows how African states respond to outside pressures and in the process (re)constitute the world order by adding an inside-out pressure. I use a single case study of the Angolan state to illustrate how a Coxian / Mamdanian synthesis contributes to the debate. This theoretical framework turns the attention to four aspects. First, there is a close historical link between the economic structure and the form of the state in the country, from the slave trade to today’s political economy of oil. Second, I look at the attempts of the Angolan state elite to legitimise its own power. I posit that in the context of social destitution and poverty, strategies to sustain consent based rule assumes particular importance. Third, the Angolan state is an expression of internal powers struggles between social groups in the country. The contemporary balance of power is volatile: recent economic growth has the potential of unsettling old power structures, as the relative balance of who has access to economic power changes. Lastly, the world order supports the current structure of power in Angola, largely thanks to the political economy of oil. Oil gives the Angolan regime ample economic resources, as well as crucial support from oil companies and the states that import the oil. This foreign support underwrites the regime and constitutes an important element in its support base

Il rating creditizio è un elemento molto importante per le imprese in quanto ha impatto, ad esempio, sul costo del capitale (Bhojraj and Sengupta, 2003; Campbell and Taksler, 2003), sul prezzo delle azioni e dei titoli obbligazionari (Dichev and Piotroski, 2001; Hand et al., 1992). Anche le imprese che ottengono il rating per la prima volta, tipicamente soggetti di dimensioni più piccole e con una storia più recente, hanno molto interesse per il rating. Nel principale contributo della mia tesi (“Is Indebtedness always negative for Credit Ratings? Empirical evidence on Newly Rated Firms”), misuro empiricamente, per il periodo dal 1985 al 2013, se i soggetti che hanno ottenuto un rating per la prima volta ottengono una valutazione differente rispetto agli altri operatori. Dalle mie analisi emerge che i soggetti che hanno ottenuto un rating per la prima volta ottengono valutazioni lievemente più negative rispetto agli altri operatori ma, sorprendentemente, emerge che coloro che hanno un maggiore indebitamento hanno delle valutazioni migliori. Negli altri due articoli della mia tesi sviluppo ulteriori analisi sui rating. Nel primo articolo (“Credit Rating Agencies: a Review of Recent Academic Studies and Key Practical Implications”), presento una sistematizzazione della letteratura accademica sui rating e sulle agenzie di rating. Nel secondo articolo (“The Dynamics of Credit Rating Standards”), esamino se le agenzie di rating hanno modificato i propri standards nel corso del tempo. / Firms care deeply about their credit ratings, since ratings influence, for instance, firm’s cost of capital (Bhojraj and Sengupta, 2003; Campbell and Taksler, 2003), bond and stock market prices (Dichev and Piotroski, 2001; Hand et al., 1992). This is also true for newly rated firms, typically smaller, in a younger stage of their life cycle and with a shorter track record compared with other issuers to show to the external financial stakeholders. In the main paper of my thesis (“Is Indebtedness always negative for Credit Ratings? Empirical evidence on Newly Rated Firms”), I test the impact of being newly rated firms on credit ratings over the period from 1985 to 2013. I report a negative but pretty low effect on rating outcome for the entire sample of newly rated firms but, surprisingly, I find a strong positive relation between highly levered firms and credit rating. I develop additional research on credit rating in the other two papers of my thesis. In the first paper (“Credit Rating Agencies: a Review of Recent Academic Studies and Key Practical Implications”), I present a systematization of the latest academic contributions on credit ratings and credit rating agencies. In the second paper (“The Dynamics of Credit Rating Standards”), I examine long-term issuer credit ratings and I focus on the time variable to study how credit rating agencies have modified their standards over years.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the criteria of the school class climate quality, to deal with the role of the primary school teacher as a co-creator of the climate, with the requirements that are laid on the teacher and the required proffesional competences. The thesis also deals with analysis of the conditions that create the school climate from the pupils' point of view - especially the development compliance that originates from the dependence on the class composition. Another aim of the thesis is to describe issue of newly-made casses on the grounds of created relationships between the pupils both during and outside the lessons. The methods of educational survey and educational-psychological diagnosis were used.

The purpose of this study was to describe experiences and perceptions of ongoing work with health promotion cultural inserts in four different associations in Gavle municipallity for asylum seekers and newly arrived children and adolescents. The method used was a descriptive empirical qualitative interview with a phenomenological research effort. Five interviews were conducted with four women and one man, from four associations in Gavle municipality. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed with a thematic analysis. The result showed that the staff's perceptions about their work were that the work being conducted was a good method of promoting well-being and contributing to a sense of context for remedying mental ill health. Cooperation with community actors was also a key in their work and made it possible to reach the children and adolescents who were the target group for health-promoting cultural activities. The difficulties perceived were lack of economics, information and structural changes, which made it difficult to implement, follow up and continue their work. The conclusion was that the work with health promoting activities was perceived as a method of integration as well as promoting health. There was also a consensus that the work performed had a good effect in bringing children and young people's families closer to the Swedish society. The obstacles discovered were structural changes, lack of information and too little of economy. One key to success was the cooperation in the local community which made it possible to reach the group. / Studiens syfte var att beskriva erfarenheter och uppfattningar av pågående arbete med hälsofrämjande kulturinsatser i fyra olika föreningar i Gävle kommun för målgruppen asylsökande och nyanlända barn och ungdomar. Metoden i denna studie var en beskrivande empirisk kvalitativ intervjustudie med en fenomenografisk forskningsansats. Fem intervjuer genomfördes med fyra kvinnor och en man, från fyra föreningar i Gävle kommun. Intervjuerna transkriberades ordagrant och analyserades med en tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att personalens uppfattningar kring arbetet med kulturinsatser för asylsökande och nyanlända barn och ungdomar var att arbetet som bedrivs var en bra metod för att främja välbefinnande och även bidra till en känsla av sammanhang för att motverka psykisk ohälsa. Samarbete med aktörer i lokalsamhället var dessutom en nyckel i deras arbeten och möjliggjorde att nå ut till de barn och ungdomar som var målgruppen för de hälsofrämjande kulturaktiviteterna. De svårigheter som uppfattades i arbetet var brist på ekonomi, information och strukturella förändringar vilket försvårade att genomföra, följa upp och fortsätta med arbetet. Slutsatsen av denna studie var att arbetet som bedrivs kring hälsofrämjande kulturinsatser uppfattas vara både en metod för integration och för att främja hälsa och förebygga ohälsa för målgruppen asylsökande och nyanlända barn och ungdomar. Arbetet uppfattades även ha en god effekt på barnens och ungdomarnas familjer för att komma närmare det svenska samhället. De hinder som upptäcktes var strukturella förändringar, brist på information och för lite ekonomiska medel. Avslutningsvis var samverkan i lokalsamhället en nyckel för framgång som möjliggjorde att nå ut till målgruppen.

Syftet med föregående undersökning är att öka kunskapen om hur samhällskunskapslärare inkluderar nyanlända elever i undervisningen samt vilka utmaningar som finns i arbetet med detta. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsintervju med fem grundskollärare i årskurs 4–6 har data samlats in och kategoriserats utifrån tre teman som är följande: Betydande faktorer för inkluderingsprocessen, didaktiskt förhållningssätt och läroplan samt vikten av nyanlända elevers tidigare bakgrund och erfarenheter.   Resultatet av undersökningen visar att det finns flera utmaningar men även möjligheter i  arbetet med nyanlända elever i samhällkunskapsundervisningen. Inkludering är ett omtalat  begrepp vilket innebär att många uppfattar inkludering på skilda sätt. Detta påverkar givetvis undervisningens utformande. Men för att lyckas med inkluderingsproccsen framför samhällskunskapslärare olika strategier och verktyg som de anser vara viktiga. Tydlighet, användning av tidigare erfarenheter, repetition, diskussioner, grupparbeten, jämförelser, visualiseringsverktyg och samarbeten med CFL och modersmålslärare är de huvudsakliga verktygen. De svårigheter som lyfts fram i studien är bristande språkkunskaper, tidigare skolbakgrund och erfarenheter, socioekonomisk bakgrund, kulturkrockar samt samhällskunskapens abstrakta och komplexa innehåll. Även om samhällskunskapsämnet är ett brett ämne betonar samtliga samhällskunskapslärare att ämnet är viktigt eftersom de hjälper och vägleder de nyanlända eleverna att vara delaktiga i den nya kontext de nu befinner sig i. Avslutningsvis har resultatet analyserats utifrån tidigare forskning och det interkulturella perspektivet. / The purpose of the previous study is to increase the knowledge of how social science teachers include newly arrived pupils in the teaching and the challenges that are present in this work. Through a qualitative research interview with primary school teachers in grades 4–6, data has been collected. Collected data has been categorized based on three themes that are the following: Significant factors for the inclusion process, didactic approach and curriculum as well as the importance of newly arrived pupils previous background and experiences.   The results of the survey show that there are many challenges, but also opportunities in working with newly arrived pupils in social science subject. Inclusion is a well-known concept, which means that many perceive inclusion in different ways. This obviously affects the design of the teaching. But in order to succeed with the inclusion process the social science teachers emphasizes different strategies and tools they consider as important. Clarity, repetition, discussions, group work, comparisons, visualization tools and collaborations with CFL and mother tongue teachers are the main tools. The difficulties highlighted in the study are lack of language skills, previous school background and experiences, socio-economic background, cultural clashes, and the abstract and complex content of social studies. Although the subject of social science is a broad subject I the social science teachers emphasizes that the subject is important because they help and guide the newly arrived pupils to be included in the new context they apart of. In summary, the result has been analyzed from previous research and the intercultural perspective.

I kontrast mot internationell forskning har psykologarbete i glesbygd hittills varit underbeforskat i svensk kontext. Vidare kan övergången mellan utbildning och yrkesliv vara utmanande för psykologer. Studiens syfte var därför att kartlägga nyexaminerade psykologers psykosociala arbetsmiljö och psykiska hälsa i glesbygd baserat på arkivdata från två mätpunkter. En kvasiexperimentell tvärsnittsdesign utformades (n = 53) med testgrupp (glesbygd) och jämförelsegrupp (tätort), varav 77% kvinnor och 23% män, medelålder 32 år (SD = 4.66). Psykosocial arbetsmiljö undersöktes via delskalor från Second Version of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire och Professionell isolation. Psykisk hälsa och utmattning undersöktes via General Health Questionnaire och Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire. Gruppjämförelser via t-test visade att testgruppen skattade en högre grad av professionell isolation (p = .003, Cohen’s d = 1.03) medan jämförelsegruppen skattade en högre nivå av utmattning (p = .006, Cohen’s d = -.78). Inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader framkom gällande måtten rollkonflikter, känslomässiga krav eller psykisk hälsa. De nyexaminerade psykologerna i glesbygd tycks välmående i sitt arbete men den professionella isolationen kvarstår som en viktig resursbrist att se över. Praktiska implikationer och förslag till framtida forskning presenteras. / In contrast to international research, working as a psychologist in rural areas is a scarcely researched topic in the Swedish context. Furthermore, the transition between education and work life can be a challenge for psychologists. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to analyze the psychosocial work environment, mental health, and burnout of newly graduated psychologists in the rural areas of Sweden, based on archive data. The study had a quasiexperimental cross-sectional design with a sample (n = 53) consisting of a test group (rural context) and a comparison group (urban context), 77% women and 23% men with an average age of 32 years (SD = 4.66). Psychosocial work environment was examined through Second Version of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire and Professional isolation. Mental health and burnout were examined through General health Questionnaire and Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire. Group comparisons via t-test showed that the test group rated a higher score of professional isolation (p = .003, Cohen’s d = 1.03) while the comparison group rated a higher score of burnout (p = .006, Cohen’s d = -.78). No statistically significant differences concerning role conflicts, emotional demands or mental health were found. The newly graduated rural psychologists appear healthy in their work environment, but the professional isolation remains a cause for concern. Practical implications and future research areas are suggested. / Samspelet över tid mellan individuella och kontextuella faktorer gällande stress och välbefinnande bland psykologer och socialsekreterare

Syftet med litteraturstudien är att undersöka vad forskningen säger om digitala hjälpmedels roll för att överbrygga nyanlända elevers språkbarriärer i grundskolan. Resultatet utgår från 16 publikationer som visar att undervisningen måste anpassas till nyanlända elever och den mångkulturalitet som råder i klassrummen. Exempelvis visar McManis & Gunnewigs (2012) resultat att digitala hjälpmedel gynnar eleverna i arbetet med digitala berättelser, eftersom eleverna kan skriva, tala in ljud och lägga in bilder, vilket gör att de utvecklar språkkunskaperna. Sadik (2008) såg i sin studie att digitala berättelser stärkte elevernas ämneskunskaper, eftersom de blev mer intresserade av att arbeta när de fick använda digitala hjälpmedel. Nemeths och Simons (2013) resultat visar att digitala hjälpmedel, som en digitalkamera, är användbart för att andraspråkselever ska öka sitt ordförråd när de tar kort på ett föremål och sedan diskuterar och lär sig mer om det. Teorier som forskning utgår ifrån innefattar huvudsakligen post-migration ecology som undersöker nyanlända elevers situation och den miljö de befinner sig i. Även Vygotskijs sociokulturella teori förekommer mycket i forskning som handlar om att kunskap blir till när människor interagerar med andra. Majoriteten av studierna på området har en positiv inställning till digitala hjälpmedel och menar att applikationerna kan användas för att skapa intresseväckande lektioner, eftersom de har ett stort utbud av olika språk och eleverna kan arbeta tillsammans och lära sig av varandra. Forskningen håller sig dock kritisk till hur insatta skolor är i de nyanlända elevernas situation och menar att lärare och rektorer behöver ha rätt kompetens och ge nyanlända alla verktyg som finns tillgängliga för att eleverna ska kunna utvecklas kunskapsmässigt.