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Mångkulturell hälso- och sjukvård har ökat i Sverige på senare år på grund av krig i Syrien, och oro i andra länder i bland annat Mellanöstern och Afghanistan. Det har medfört mänskliga tragedier och stora flyktingströmmar. Sverige har tagit emot en stor andel av flyktingströmmen. Detta ställer nya krav på distriktssköterskan som i ett tidigt skede möter flyktingarna. Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskans erfarenheter av hälsofrämjande och förebyggande arbete med nyanlända flyktingar ur ett vårdcentralsperspektiv. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med sju distriktssköterskor från olika vårdcentraler inom en västsvensk region. Materialet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det framkom åtta subteman och fyra teman i analysen. Huvudteman var: Egenvårdens betydelse för att främja hälsan, Förebyggande arbete ur ett vårdcentralsperspektiv, Att kommunicera via tredje part samt Samordning mellan parter. Slutsats: Distriktssköterskornas hälsofrämjande och förebyggande arbete var betydelsefullt för de nyanlända flyktingarna eftersom distriktssköterskan var en av de yrkesprofessioner som de träffade i ett tidigt skede. Egenvårdsråd utmärkte det hälsofrämjande arbetet med nyanlända flyktingar men kunde vara svårt då många nyanlända flyktingar var vana från sina hemländer att alltid möta en läkare. Det utmärkande för det förebyggande arbetet var framförallt arbetet med vaccinationsuppföljning, som innebar en stor och krävande arbetsinsats för distriktssköterskorna. / Multicultural health and medical care has increased in Sweden during the last few years due to war in Syria and unrest in other countries among others in the Middle East and in Afghanistan. This has led to human tragedies and big streams of refugees. Sweden has received a large number of these refugees. This poses new demands on district nurses who at an early stage meet the refugees. The purpose of the study was to describe district nurses experience of health promoting and preventive care of newly arrived refugees from a perspective of the care centre. Method: A qualitative interview study with seven district nurses from different care centres within a region in West Sweden. The material was analysed with a qualitative analysis of content. Result: The analysis resulted in eight subthemes and four themes. Main themes were: The importance of self-care in order to promote health, Preventive work from a perspective of the care centre, To communicate through a third party and Co-ordination between parties. Conclusion: District nurses health promoting and preventive care was important for newly arrived refugees as the district nurse was one of the professionals they met at an early stage. Advice on self-care characterized the health promoting work with newly arrived refugees but could be difficult, as many refugees were used always to meet a doctor in their home countries. Characteristic for the preventive work was above all the follow-up of vaccinations, which required big and demanding efforts for district nurses.

La première partie de ce travail est une enquête historique menée à partir de sources variées. Le mouvement pédagogique habituellement nommé « pédagogie institutionnelle » est né en France dans les années 1960 et s’est rapidement divisé en deux courants, dont l’un est fortement influencé par la psychanalyse. Ce courant psychanalytique de la pédagogie institutionnelle s’est constitué autour des figures de Fernand Oury et Aïda Vasquez, auteurs en 1967 de Vers une pédagogie institutionnelle, dans lequel sont publiées six monographies commentées. L’auteur montre que l’écriture de monographies est une pratique ancienne dans le champ éducatif et prend sa source dans différentes champs. Cette pratique, largement répandue avant 1967, est renouvelée par le courant psychanalytique de la pédagogie institutionnelle à partir de 1962.Dans une deuxième partie, l’auteur inscrit ce travail dans une approche d’orientation psychanalytique. Questionnant son rapport à son objet de recherche, il s’appuie sur ses élaborations contre-transférentielles pour faire émerger ses questions de recherche. Il décrit ensuite un dispositif d’analyse des pratiques professionnelles qu’il met en place, en tant que formateur, dans le cadre de la formation des enseignants débutants du second degré. Dans ce dispositif qu’il propose de nommer « groupe monographique », les enseignants en formation sont invités à écrire des monographies. L’analyse d’un corpus de monographies produites dans ce cadre est à l’origine d’hypothèses sur les processus psychiques à l’œuvre pour les enseignants débutants dans leurs remaniements identitaires. / The first part of this study consists in undertaking a historical investigation drawing on various sources. The pedagogical movement usually referred to as “institutional pedagogy” rose up in France in the 1960’s and rapidly split up into two currents, one of them being strongly influenced by psychoanalysis. This psychoanalytical current of institutional pedagogy has been built up around the prominent figures of Fernand Oury and Aïda Vasquez, authors in 1967 of Vers une pédagogie institutionnelle, a book presenting six commentated monographs. Yet, writing monographs in pedagogy is an ancient practice that takes root in different fields. Such practice, well-spread before 1967, has been renewed by the psychoanalytical current of institutional pedagogy since 1962. In the second part, the author, from a psychoanalytical perspective, explores his link to his own research object. His research questions hence derive from countertransferential working-through. Afterwards, he describes a work group device that he has implemented as a teachers’ trainer to analyze the professional practices of newly qualified secondary school teachers. In what he proposes to call a “monographic group”, participants are invited to write professional monographs. By analyzing a corpus of monographs produced within this framework, the author then forms hypotheses on the psychical processes at work for newly qualified teachers regarding their identity changes.

The study attempted to identify R425 diplomates' perceptions of their psychiatric competencies. An exploratory descriptive survey investigated specific strengths and weaknesses of the R425 diplomates in the psychiatric clinical units in the KwaZulu-Natal Province, as perceived by the diplomates themselves. The diplomates were reportedly competent in performing numerous, but not all cognitive, psychomotor and affective skills addressed by this survey. The R425 diplomates perceived themselves to be incompetent in designing and implementating rehabilitation programmes/workshops, managing community projects, conducting research and managing crises in psychiatric nursing units. / Health Sciences / M.A. (Health Studies)

Municipalities in Sweden have had severe difficulties with providing housing for newly arrived immigrants that have been granted permanent or temporary residency in Sweden. There is a shortage of affordable apartments and houses in Sweden, due to multiple reasons. The purpose of this essay was to study social workers’ experiences and perceptions of the housing situation for newly arrived immigrants and the tools and strategies they possess to affect the housing situation.  The empirical data has been gathered through semi-structured interviews with seven social workers in three municipalities in Sweden. Our result shows that social workers in this sector have to deal with a wide range of emotions, such as stress, frustration, anger and joy. Furthermore, the result proved that current housing policies are not working in favour of newly arrived immigrants. The social workers interviewed in the study experienced that newly arrived immigrants had very limited possibilities to retain a place to reside in Sweden. We have analyzed our findings through the theoretical concepts of social capital and empowerment, and found that a person’s social capital has a large impact on his or hers housing situation. As a conclusion, we feel that further research about newly arrived immigrants and housing is needed so that unacceptable living conditions for newly arrived immigrants as well as stress and frustration for the people in this line of work can be avoided.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5594.pdf: 3003572 bytes, checksum: 55948c291893c82b40741ea96ada20fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-08 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / This thesis aims to assess the evolution of the long-term dynamics of demand for basic materials caused by the growth of some newly industrialized countries, especially China. The underlying assumption is that the demand for materials may vary according to the level of economic development. One of the possible effects of Chinese growth on the Brazilian economy is the re-insertion into the world economy through the supply of basic commodities. Despite strong dynamical effects that the growth of demand for these materials has exercised in this century on several economies producing these goods, it remains the question about the long-term continuity of this movement. The historical experience of the most advanced countries points to the prospect of decrease in intensity of use of some materials as a result of changes in consumption patterns. It should therefore assess whether, in a wider horizon, this reduction can spread through some newly industrializing economies and limit the dynamism whose international insertion is specialized in supplying these materials. For this, the research methodology relied on reviews of the literature on the theory of development and intensity of materials use in countries with different degrees of industrialization. Moreover, empirical surveys allowed to compose a framework of quantitative information for paper and paperboard, steel, cement and aluminum that served as input for the construction of indicators of intensity of use. The conclusions of the study point to a decrease in the intensity of use in developed countries, featuring an ongoing process of dematerialization. Already in some newly industrializing economies like China, in two of the four studied materials - cement and steel - the perspective is clearly exhaustion of the dynamism due to the growth in Chinese consumption. / Esta tese tem o objetivo de avaliar a evolução do dinamismo de longo prazo da demanda de materiais básicos de uso industrial, ocasionado pelo crescimento de alguns países recentemente industrializados, principalmente a China. A hipótese subjacente é que o dinamismo da demanda de materiais varia segundo o nível de desenvolvimento econômico. Um dos efeitos do crescimento chinês sobre a economia brasileira foi o reforço da inserção na economia mundial por meio da oferta de commodities básicas. Apesar dos fortes efeitos dinamizadores que o crescimento da demanda desses materiais tem exercido neste início de século sobre várias economias produtoras desses bens, permanece a interrogação sobre a continuidade no longo prazo desse movimento. A experiência histórica dos países mais avançados aponta para uma perspectiva de diminuição da intensidade do uso de alguns materiais, como resultado de inovações tecnológicas e modificações nos padrões de consumo. Cabe, portanto, avaliar se, em um horizonte temporal mais largo, tal redução pode difundir-se através de algumas economias de industrialização recente e limitar o dinamismo de uma inserção internacional especializada na oferta desses materiais. Para isso, a metodologia da pesquisa se apoiou em revisões da literatura sobre a teoria do desenvolvimento e intensidade do uso de materiais em países com graus diferenciados de industrialização. Ademais, levantamentos empíricos permitiram compor um quadro de informações quantitativas para papel e papelão, aço, cimento e alumínio, os quais serviram de subsídio para a construção de indicadores de intensidade do uso. As conclusões do trabalho apontam para uma queda na intensidade do uso nos países desenvolvidos, caracterizando um processo de desmaterialização em curso. Já em algumas economias de industrialização recente como a China, em dois dos quatro materiais estudados - cimento e aço - a perspectiva é claramente de esgotamento do dinamismo decorrente do crescimento do consumo chinês.

Den här licentiatuppsatsen behandlar berättade erfarenheter av att vara elev på Språkintroduktion. Programmet är ett av fem introduktionsprogram i den svenska gymnasieskolan och tar emot nyanlända ungdomar i åldrarna 16 till 19 år. Utbildningen på Språkintroduktion har en tyngdpunkt på svenska språket samt andra ämnen som eleverna har behov av att studera. Sålunda ska undervisningen organiseras utifrån varje elevs förutsättningar och behov. Studien bygger på intervjuer med språkintroduktionselever. Analysen fokuserar följaktligen 22 elevers berättade erfarenheter av att vara elever på Språkintroduktion. Elevernas berättelser blir ett sätt att förstå hur deras erfarenheter av programmet flätas samman med tidigare skol- och arbetslivserfarenheter liksom med tankar om framtiden. I resultaten presenteras tre teman som framträder i berättelserna.  Det första temat gäller samtliga elever och behandlar erfarenheten av att inte kunna svenska. Det andra temat innefattar vissa elever och synliggör två elevidentiteter som särskilt framträder. Den första av dem handlar om att gå från att vara en högpresterande elev till att vara nybörjare och den andra om att gå från att vara en elev med kort eller ingen skolbakgrund till att äntligen vara elev. Slutligen handlar det tredje temat om hur Språkintroduktion tar form som ett mellanrum.

Esta dissertação analisa o perfil dos docentes universitários da rede pública federal ingressados depois de 2004, avaliando como o processo de profissionalização é impactado pelas condições de trabalho atuais e pela exigência de intensificação da produtividade científica. As transformações no trabalho dos professores universitários acompanham as mudanças na própria universidade brasileira influenciadas pelas novas configurações socioeconômicas e pela reorganização do mundo do trabalho e da produção científica. A problemática dos professores recém ingressados tem importância crescente que vai além do campo pedagógico: as condições e consequências da profissionalização não podem ser consideradas responsabilidade individual dos docentes, mas um desafio das políticas públicas. Para compreender melhor essa situação, selecionou-se o grupo de professores que ingressou na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) entre os anos de 2004 e 2011. Eles ingressaram na universidade no período posterior a aprovação da Reforma da Previdência (2003), que alterou profundamente a carreira dos servidores públicos. Este grupo continuou a aumentar após a implantação do REUNI, desde 2008, e hoje representa um terço do total de docentes da UFRGS. Tendo como método o estudo de caso, buscou-se mesclar as entrevistas semiestruturadas de orientação qualitativa realizadas com 24 docentes dessa nova geração, com outros indicadores gerais da própria UFRGS. Os eixos que compuseram essa pesquisa são complementares. Em outros termos, discutir a profissionalização docente implicou verificar uma série de indicadores (formação, carreira, salários, associativismo, etc), entre os quais se destacam as condições de trabalho e a relação com a produtividade científica. A profissionalização docente apresenta dificuldades específicas. O que é demandado dos professores (desde a qualificação permanente até o atendimento dos índices de produtividade) nem sempre condiz com as condições para execução do seu trabalho. Se, por um lado, a qualificação e o prestígio profissional têm crescido – ajudando a reforçar a atratividade para a carreira docente – por outro, as exigências laborais também aumentam. O crescente conjunto de atividades prescritas tem diminuído o espaço para o exercício da autonomia. A jornada de trabalho peculiar ao trabalho docente tem dupla face: sua flexibilidade no que tange o cumprimento da carga horária pode ser vista positivamente, mas também como ausência de controle sobre o próprio tempo, em especial quando o número de atividades que se deve desempenhar toma grandes proporções. Uma parcela considerável dos encargos não é considerada institucionalmente para o cômputo da jornada de trabalho, o que oculta o fato de que a maioria dos professores excede a carga horária para a qual prestaram concurso. Tais encargos estão relacionados a atividades que os professores assumem “voluntariamente”, de modo especial no âmbito da pesquisa científica. Puderam-se observar suas repercussões sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores, fundamentalmente o estresse decorrente desse tipo de jornada e, além disso, a dificuldade de separar a esfera profissional da pessoal. Essa invasão do trabalho na esfera domiciliar acaba gerando problemas nas relações familiares e domésticas – o que dificulta a realização de atividades que proporcionem uma vida mais cheia de sentido. / This master’s degree dissertation aims to present the profile of the university professors in the federal public network, who entered after 2004. It will be valued how the professionalization is impacted by the present labor conditions and by the current intensification demands for scientific productivity. The transformations in the activities of the university teachers track the changes of the Brazilian university itself influenced by the new socioeconomic configurations, the labor world and scientific production reorganizations. The problematic of the newly admitted professors holds an importance way beyond the pedagogical field: the professionalization conditions and its consequences cannot be regarded as the teacher’s individual responsibility, yet a challenge for the public policies. In order to better understand this situation, a group of professors who joined UFRGS, the Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, from 2004 thru 2011 was selected. They were admitted to the institution in the subsequent period to the Social Security Reform approval (2003), which has deeply altered the public servants career. This is also the group which expanded significantly after the REUNI implantation in 2008, and today it represents one third of UFRGS total teacher members. By choosing the case study as the method, qualitative oriented and semi structured interviews made with 24 new generation professors were mixed with other UFRGS general indicators. The axes that composed this research are complementary. In other words, discussing teachers’ professionalization presupposed verify a series of indicators (formation, career, salary, associations, etc), including the work conditions and the relation with scientific productivity. The professionalization in the teaching area seems to be occurring through a contradictory movement. What is required from professors (from permanent qualification up to productivity index compliance) does not correspond to the conditions for their job accomplishment. If, on the one hand, qualification and professional prestige have increased - acting as a teaching career appeal – on the other hand, labor demands have increased as well. The growing set of prescribed activities has reduced the space for the exercise of autonomy. The daily work period proper to teaching work reveals a double-sided feature: its flexibility when it comes to the work load accomplishment may be seen positively or otherwise as the absence of control over one’s own time, especially when the number of activities to perform is huge. A considerable parcel of the duties is not taken into account by the institution for the workday computation, thus concealing the fact that the majority of the professors exceed their work load regime. Such obligations are related to activities that teachers “voluntarily” assume, in particular within the framework of the scientific research. It could be observed the repercussions thereof over the workers’ health, ultimately the stress resulting from these working hours. Furthermore, the reluctance to separate the professional sphere from the personal one was even clearer. This work invasion into the home boundaries ends up creating domestic problems within the family relations, hence making it difficult to carry on activities that provide a more meaningful life.

Esta dissertação analisa o perfil dos docentes universitários da rede pública federal ingressados depois de 2004, avaliando como o processo de profissionalização é impactado pelas condições de trabalho atuais e pela exigência de intensificação da produtividade científica. As transformações no trabalho dos professores universitários acompanham as mudanças na própria universidade brasileira influenciadas pelas novas configurações socioeconômicas e pela reorganização do mundo do trabalho e da produção científica. A problemática dos professores recém ingressados tem importância crescente que vai além do campo pedagógico: as condições e consequências da profissionalização não podem ser consideradas responsabilidade individual dos docentes, mas um desafio das políticas públicas. Para compreender melhor essa situação, selecionou-se o grupo de professores que ingressou na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) entre os anos de 2004 e 2011. Eles ingressaram na universidade no período posterior a aprovação da Reforma da Previdência (2003), que alterou profundamente a carreira dos servidores públicos. Este grupo continuou a aumentar após a implantação do REUNI, desde 2008, e hoje representa um terço do total de docentes da UFRGS. Tendo como método o estudo de caso, buscou-se mesclar as entrevistas semiestruturadas de orientação qualitativa realizadas com 24 docentes dessa nova geração, com outros indicadores gerais da própria UFRGS. Os eixos que compuseram essa pesquisa são complementares. Em outros termos, discutir a profissionalização docente implicou verificar uma série de indicadores (formação, carreira, salários, associativismo, etc), entre os quais se destacam as condições de trabalho e a relação com a produtividade científica. A profissionalização docente apresenta dificuldades específicas. O que é demandado dos professores (desde a qualificação permanente até o atendimento dos índices de produtividade) nem sempre condiz com as condições para execução do seu trabalho. Se, por um lado, a qualificação e o prestígio profissional têm crescido – ajudando a reforçar a atratividade para a carreira docente – por outro, as exigências laborais também aumentam. O crescente conjunto de atividades prescritas tem diminuído o espaço para o exercício da autonomia. A jornada de trabalho peculiar ao trabalho docente tem dupla face: sua flexibilidade no que tange o cumprimento da carga horária pode ser vista positivamente, mas também como ausência de controle sobre o próprio tempo, em especial quando o número de atividades que se deve desempenhar toma grandes proporções. Uma parcela considerável dos encargos não é considerada institucionalmente para o cômputo da jornada de trabalho, o que oculta o fato de que a maioria dos professores excede a carga horária para a qual prestaram concurso. Tais encargos estão relacionados a atividades que os professores assumem “voluntariamente”, de modo especial no âmbito da pesquisa científica. Puderam-se observar suas repercussões sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores, fundamentalmente o estresse decorrente desse tipo de jornada e, além disso, a dificuldade de separar a esfera profissional da pessoal. Essa invasão do trabalho na esfera domiciliar acaba gerando problemas nas relações familiares e domésticas – o que dificulta a realização de atividades que proporcionem uma vida mais cheia de sentido. / This master’s degree dissertation aims to present the profile of the university professors in the federal public network, who entered after 2004. It will be valued how the professionalization is impacted by the present labor conditions and by the current intensification demands for scientific productivity. The transformations in the activities of the university teachers track the changes of the Brazilian university itself influenced by the new socioeconomic configurations, the labor world and scientific production reorganizations. The problematic of the newly admitted professors holds an importance way beyond the pedagogical field: the professionalization conditions and its consequences cannot be regarded as the teacher’s individual responsibility, yet a challenge for the public policies. In order to better understand this situation, a group of professors who joined UFRGS, the Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, from 2004 thru 2011 was selected. They were admitted to the institution in the subsequent period to the Social Security Reform approval (2003), which has deeply altered the public servants career. This is also the group which expanded significantly after the REUNI implantation in 2008, and today it represents one third of UFRGS total teacher members. By choosing the case study as the method, qualitative oriented and semi structured interviews made with 24 new generation professors were mixed with other UFRGS general indicators. The axes that composed this research are complementary. In other words, discussing teachers’ professionalization presupposed verify a series of indicators (formation, career, salary, associations, etc), including the work conditions and the relation with scientific productivity. The professionalization in the teaching area seems to be occurring through a contradictory movement. What is required from professors (from permanent qualification up to productivity index compliance) does not correspond to the conditions for their job accomplishment. If, on the one hand, qualification and professional prestige have increased - acting as a teaching career appeal – on the other hand, labor demands have increased as well. The growing set of prescribed activities has reduced the space for the exercise of autonomy. The daily work period proper to teaching work reveals a double-sided feature: its flexibility when it comes to the work load accomplishment may be seen positively or otherwise as the absence of control over one’s own time, especially when the number of activities to perform is huge. A considerable parcel of the duties is not taken into account by the institution for the workday computation, thus concealing the fact that the majority of the professors exceed their work load regime. Such obligations are related to activities that teachers “voluntarily” assume, in particular within the framework of the scientific research. It could be observed the repercussions thereof over the workers’ health, ultimately the stress resulting from these working hours. Furthermore, the reluctance to separate the professional sphere from the personal one was even clearer. This work invasion into the home boundaries ends up creating domestic problems within the family relations, hence making it difficult to carry on activities that provide a more meaningful life.

The purpose of this study is to highlight preschool teachers’ thoughts of newly arrived children linguistics. The study is based on three issues that are created from the purpose. The study follows a qualitative approach through interviews with four preschool teachers at two different preschools in a medium-sized municipality. The teachers were employed in preschool and all worked with newly arrived children. The result showed that preschool teachers experience difficulties and obstacles in the work with the newly arrived children. Partly because they lacked education or tools to promote the children's lingustic development and also because a lack of time. Preschool teachers considered that the native lagnuage was an important part of the children's lingustic development and the results showed that the children had very different access to their native language in preschool. It also appeared that the preschool teachers used different methods, some as a conscious method of working, while others felt their way forward. The preschool teachers all agreed that children learn in interaction with other children and adults, and that was a central part of the preschool activities. / Syftet med denna studie är att belysa förskollärares tankar om att arbeta med nyanlända barns språkutveckling i det svenska språket. Studien bygger på tre frågeställningar som skapats utifrån syftet. Studien följer en kvalitativ ansats genom intervjuer med fyra förskollärare på två olika förskolor i en medelstor kommun i Sverige. Förskollärarna var verksamma inom förskolan och alla arbetade med nyanlända barn. Resultatet visade att förskollärarna upplevde svårigheter och hinder i arbetet med de nyanlända barnen. Dels för att de saknade utbildning eller verktyg för att främja barnens språkutveckling men också för att tiden inte räckte till. Förskollärarna ansåg att modersmålet var en viktig del i barnens språkutveckling och resultatet visade att barnen hade olika mycket tillgång till modersmålet i verksamheten. Det framgick även att förskollärarna använde sig av olika arbetssätt, vissa av ett medvetet arbetssätt medan andra testade sig fram. Förskollärarna var alla överens om att barn lär sig i samspelet med andra barn och vuxna och det var en central del i förskolans verksamhet.