Despite being the driest inhabited continent, Australia has one of the highest per capita water consumptions in the world. In addition, instead of having fit-for-purpose water supplies (using different qualities of water for different applications), highly treated drinking water is used for nearly all of Australia's urban water supply needs, including landscape irrigation. The water requirement of urban landscapes, particularly urban parklands, is of growing concern. The estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and subsequently plant water requirements in urban vegetation needs to consider the heterogeneity of plants, soils, water, and climate characteristics. This research contributes to a broader effort to establish sustainable irrigation practices within the Adelaide Parklands in Adelaide, South Australia. In this paper, two practical ET estimation approaches are compared to a detailed Soil Water Balance (SWB) analysis over a one year period. One approach is the Water Use Classification of Landscape Plants (WUCOLS) method, which is based on expert opinion on the water needs of different classes of landscape plants. The other is a remote sensing approach based on the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on the Terra satellite. Both methods require knowledge of reference ET calculated from meteorological data. The SWB determined that plants consumed 1084 mmyr(-1) of water in ET with an additional 16% lost to drainage past the root zone, an amount sufficient to keep salts from accumulating in the root zone. ET by MODIS EVI was 1088 mmyr(-1), very close to the SWB estimate, while WUCOLS estimated the total water requirement at only 802 mmyr(-1), 26% lower than the SWB estimate and 37% lower than the amount actually added including the drainage fraction. Individual monthly ET by MODIS was not accurate, but these errors were cancelled out to give good agreement on an annual time step. We conclude that the MODIS EVI method can provide accurate estimates of urban water requirements in mixed landscapes large enough to be sampled by MODIS imagery with 250-m resolution such as parklands and golf courses.

The topic of this master thesis is the issue of measurement uncertainty of nano-CMM, specifically SIOS NMM-1 machine. Theoretical part of the thesis consists of basic measurement uncertainty definitions, description of approaches to CMM measurement uncertainty and differences between classical CMM and nano-CMM. For measurement uncertainty calculation of nano-CMM, two method are chosen and adapted – substitution method and Monte Carlo method. These are applied in practical part for measurement uncertainty calculation of SIOS NMM-1 machine. Part of the practical part is performed measurement on machine in laboratory at the Czech Metrology institute in Brno. The outcome of this thesis is determination of measurement uncertainty of SIOS NMM-1.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FlaviaJOS_DISSERT.pdf: 4545254 bytes, checksum: 8007b71d878dc66ff6976e4134e566bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / The interaction between land and water, resulting from dynamic agents, such as wind, waves and tides, characterizes the coastal zone as a dynamic environment that is constantly disturbed and that may alter the balance of natural and man-made environment. Such modifications may be intensified when considering the climate change. This environment is highly attractive for the development of economic activities and urbanization, current scenario of the city of Natal. Weighing the economic importance for the state and the physical environment in which the capital of Rio Grande do Norte is inserted, this study aims to identify and analyze vulnerabilities and impacts caused by the rising sea level in the municipality. To that end, we defined a coastline, delimited areas susceptible to flooding and presented some flood scenarios. This way we could identify and analyze the impacts of each flood scenario in its respective section. Finally, it appears that the coastal zone in which Natal is inserted is a fragile area that requires actions aimed at mitigating vulnerabilities and facing the problem that caused the rise in the mean sea level (MSL), and mitigating the presented vulnerability framework; it is necessary to implement actions that effectively contribute to the protection and adaptation of the most fragile areas / A intera??o entre terra, ?gua que resultam em agentes din?micos, como por exemplo, ventos, ondas e mar?s caracteriza a zona costeira como um ambiente din?mico que, constantemente, sofre perturba??es que podem alterar o equil?brio natural e antr?pico do meio. Tais modifica??es podem ser intensificadas quando considerados os eventos relacionados ?s mudan?as clim?ticas. ? neste espa?o que se verifica o enorme atrativo para desenvolvimento de atividades econ?micas e urbaniza??o, cen?rio no qual se encontra o munic?pio de Natal. Ponderando a relev?ncia econ?mica para o estado e o meio f?sico na qual a capital do RN est? inserida o presente trabalho objetiva identificar e analisar as vulnerabilidades e impactos provocados pela eleva??o do n?vel m?dio do mar no munic?pio. Para tanto, foi definida uma linha de costa, delimitado trechos suscept?veis ?s zonas de inunda??o e apresentados alguns cen?rios de inunda??o. Com isso, puderam ser identificado e analisado cada cen?rio de inunda??o, em seu respectivo trecho, os impactos provocados. Por fim, verifica-se que a zona costeira na qual Natal est? inserida ? um espa?o fr?gil que necessita de a??es que visem mitigar as vulnerabilidades existentes e que para encarar a problem?tica decorrente da eleva??o do NMM e a mitiga??o do quadro de vulnerabilidade apresentado, faz-se necess?ria a aplica??o de medidas pol?ticas e a??es que contribuam, de forma eficaz, para a prote??o e adapta??o das ?reas mais fr?geis

The thesis deals with the design of a suitable length standard for nanometrology. This length standard will be used for metrological traceability of the Rigaku nano3DX located at CEITEC Brno and the SIOS NMM-1 device which is located at ČMI Brno. The first part is focused on the description of these measuring instruments, the analysis of their metrological traceability requirements and the requirements for the material length standard. The second part is devoted to the concrete possibilities of the etalon design, 3D printing of the prototype of the standard and verification of its dimensional compatibility. At the end of the thesis, the evaluation and selection of the appropriate standard design is made.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of three length standards, which will serve to ensure metrological traceability between Rigaku nano3DX, SIOS NMM-1, Zeiss UPMC Carat 850 and other devices located at ÚVSSR BUT and CEITEC Brno. The first part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical acquaintance with concepts closely related to the issue of ensuring metrological traceability. In addition, this section deals with computed tomography and the description of individual devices. The second part of the thesis is devoted to design, production process and testing of individual standards. The last part describes the ensuring the calibration of the smallest standard, the so-called Nano standard and the calculation of the uncertainty of measuring its calibrated length. At the end of the thesis, the outputs of these activities are evaluated.