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Involuntary celibates (Incels) are an online community of men who struggle to find sexual and romantic relationships. Some members of the Incel community have increasingly become extreme misogynists and have committed lethal attacks across North America and Europe in response to their sexual frustration and loneliness. Scholars have argued that there is a lack of recognition by political and judicial actors of the potential security threat that Incels pose. This lack of recognition could subsequently result in a lack of securitization of the threat and allow the community to continue to grow. The transnational consequences, through the use of online platforms for radicalization, if Incels are not recognized and securitized provide a relevant International Relations topic. The aim of this research was to determine whether relevant security agents in the US, Canada, and Europe had, over the past years, recognized Incels as a security threat and if a process of securitization had been initiated. The results were that only the EU could be determined to have initiated a securitization process of Incels, Canada’s security agent to a large degree recognized the threat Incels may pose but had not initiated a securitization process, and the US could not be determined to have fully recognized the threat nor initiated a process of securitization.

Introduction: Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is a highly prevalent malignancy worldwideaffecting the tonsils, the soft palette and the base of the tongue. OPC has a high risk ofrecurrence. Patients are offered a 5-year follow-up program in order to discover earlyrecurrences. However, there exists some controversy regarding the benefit of this follow-up indetecting early recurrences. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether recurrences of OPC weredetected in patient-initiated appointments or during routine follow-up. The secondary aim wasto compare the survival between these groups. Method and materials: This study is a retrospective cohort study regarding recurrencedetection among patients diagnosed with OPC. The Örebro Head- and neck cancer registerwas used to identify patients with recurrence of OPC. Additional data was collected frommedical records. Results: A total of 75 patients were included. Routine follow-up detected 50.7% ofrecurrences while patient-initiated visits detected 42.7% of recurrences. No statisticallysignificant difference was found in survival between these groups Conclusion: In contradiction to our hypothesis most of the recurrences were detected atroutine follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between thetwo ways of detection. These results indicate that our current follow-up program has animportance in detecting early recurrences and should not be altered.

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The question of the quality of life, such as the ability to complete the routine skills independently has been widely debated in the special education field. However, perspectives have not adequately addressed the various outcomes of electronic visual activity schedule via iPad (First Then App) on assisting the individual with severe disabilities completing routine skills independently. This study aims to investigate the effects of using electronic visual activity schedules with special attention to learning routine skills and communication skills for students with severe disabilities. The following questions will be examined during the research period: What is the effect of visual activity schedules via an iPad First Then App, on the percentage of steps completed for routine tasks for students with severe disabilities? 2. What is the level of perceived student engagement when using the app vs. typical instruction? 3. What is the effect of the First Then App on the communication skills when completing daily life skills and school routines? 4. What value do the teacher and students place on the use of an electronic VAS to teach daily life and school routines? The study will take place in a suburban elementary classroom for a student with significant disabilities, and who match the inclusion criteria.The data will be collected via single-subject multiple baselines across skills (ABAB design). Participating student will be asked to complete routine skills without (baseline data) and with (intervention data) the technology-based intervention. The least to most intrusive prompts will be consistent with the First Then the application, and the positive reinforcement will be included to prevent behavioral challenges. A member of the research team will collect the interobserver agreement and procedural fidelity. As a result, the researchers will expect to see the independent variable, the app with systematic instruction, to have an impact on the dependent variable, overall skill acquisition of the targeted life skill and increases in overall communication. Also, We expect to have a functional relation between the independent variable and dependent variable. This paper sheds new light on the rarely acknowledged issue of using electronic visual activity schedules for students with severe disabilities to learn routine skills and communication skills.

As scholarly interest in family religiosity has grown, scholars have called for a closer look at proximal measures of religiosity that are more connected to the individual and familial daily experience (Mahoney et al., 1999). The purpose of this paper is to explore in detail how religion and family religious rituals relate to, interface with, and affect the day-to-day activity of family life. It includes qualitative analysis of interviews with highly religious parents and children in 67 families that belong to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Grounded theory was employed to analyze the data and a conceptual model was developed to illustrate how this particular sample experienced religious integration. Findings suggest that for this sample, religion was more than an external influence; it was viewed as an integral part of one's individual, familial, structural, and social systems. This finding challenges traditional human ecological theory which suggests that religion is merely an external influence. Findings also indicate that religious rituals were viewed as being an important part of everyday life for the majority of this sample. Despite challenges of religious rituals, participants indicated that they experienced positive individual and familial outcomes when participating in family religious rituals. No negative outcomes were reported. Comparative analysis between participants in the higher and lower overall family functioning groups suggests that religious ritual properties and perceptions differed for these two groups. Those in the higher family functioning group mentioned more frequently that religious rituals were an enjoyable part of family life while those in the lower family functioning group mentioned more frequently they were motivated by a sense of duty to participate in these rituals. Other differences between these two groups are discussed. Though this sample allowed for a thick description of one particular culture to be produced, findings from this study cannot be generalized beyond highly religious LDS families. Despite limitations, the overwhelming perception that religious integration and religious rituals enhanced individual and family life has potentially far reaching implications. These findings should be strongly considered and applied to future research, clinical practice, and family life education.

The goal of hydrologic models is to accurately predict a future event of a given magnitude. Historic data are often used to calibrate models to increase their ability to forecast accurately. The GSSHA model is a distributed model that uses physical parameters and physics based computations to compute water flow from cell to cell based on a 2 dimensional grid. The goal of calibration is to obtain good estimates for the actual parameters of the watershed. These parameters should then transfer to other storm events of different magnitudes more easily than an empirical model. In conducting this research three watersheds were selected in different parts of the United States and the required data were collected to develop and run single event hydrologic models. The WMS software was used to preprocess digital spatial data for model creation before calibrating them with the GSSHA model. A calibrated HEC-HMS model was also developed for each watershed for comparative purposes. Establishing GSSHA's usability in routine hydrologic modeling is the primary objective of this research. This has been accomplished by developing guidelines for GSSHA calibrations, assisted by WMS, testing model accuracy in the calibration and verification phases, and comparing results with HEC-HMS, a model widely accepted for routine hydrologic modeling. As a result of this research, the WMS interface has become well equipped to set up and run GSSHA model calibrations. The focus has been on single event, or routine hydrologic model simulations, but continuous simulation calibrations, an important strength of GSSHA, can also be developed. Each of the model simulations in the study calibrated well in terms of matching peak and volume. However, the verification for two out of the three watersheds used in the study was less than ideal. The results of this research indicate that the physical factors, which GSSHA should represent well, are particularly sensitive for single event storms. The use of calibration of single events is therefore difficult in some cases and may not be recommended. Further research could be done to establish guidelines for situations (e.g. watershed conditions, storm type, etc.) where single event calibration is plausible.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka sambandet mellan kriminalitet, viktimisering och exponering för kriminogena situationer. Självrapporterad data samlades in vid tre tillfällen från 525 Malmöungdomar, varav 320 uppfyllde studiens inkluderingskriterier. Resultaten visar att mycket tid spenderad oövervakad, mycket tid ägnad åt ostrukturerade aktiviteter, mycket tid i sällskap med vänner samt alkoholkonsumtion samvarierar med brottslighet och viktimisering i varierande utsträckning. Sambanden varierar dock i förhållande till de båda utfallsvariablerna och deltagarnas ålder. Livsstils-rutinaktivitetsteorin kan förklara resultaten men behöver i framtiden ta större hänsyn till ålder. Studiens två slutsatser är att (1) brottslighet och viktimisering bör betraktas som två olika men klart relaterade företeelser i förhållande till exponering för kriminogena situationer och att (2) ålder måste tas i beaktande i forskning om exponering för kriminogena situationer eftersom sambanden mellan exponering och de båda utfallsvariablerna varierar från tidiga till sena tonår. / This study aims to examine offending and victimization in relation to situational criminogenic exposure. Self-reported data was collected at three occasions from a sample of 525 adolescents in Malmö, of which 320 fulfilled the study’s inclusion criteria. The results show that spending a lot of time unsupervised, pursuing unstructured activities, spending a lot of time with peers, and alcohol use, are associated with offending and victimization to various extent. However, the associations vary according to outcome and in relation to the participants’ age. Lifestyle-Routine Activities Theory may explain the findings, but needs to consider age as an important factor in the future. The two conclusions from this study are that (1) offending and victimization should be treated as two different, yet related concepts in relation to situational criminogenic exposure, and that (2) it is important to add an age dimension to the study of situational criminogenic exposure because the associations between the exposure variables and the outcome variables vary from early to late adolescence.