The aim of my diploma work is to indicate the problems of cash and noncash payments. I aimed at the comparison of various types of payment instruments and domestic and foreign payment systems. I compare their advantages and disadvantages from the view of the bank and especially from the view of the corporate client. Concrete examples and recommendations are described in the part of the diploma work named Assessment of payment instruments in selected banks. I compare them among three banks - Volksbank CZ, a. s., Oberbank AG Czech Republic and Raiffeisenbank a. s.. In the diploma work I also describe actual trends and new possibilities of using payment cards and direct banking.