The presented dissertation is focused on research in the field of dowels and design of concrete pavements using the finite element method. The theory part describes the history and the currently used techniques in the world and in the Czech Republic. The practice part of the dissertation contains a description of design methods, diagnostics of concrete pavements by using FWD and a description of laboratory tests on beams with inserted dowels. The results of measurements and modelling are verified on real operating conditions on testing fields. Based on the dissertation results, the amendment of the Czech standard ČSN 73 6123-1 regarding the position of dowels were proposed and approved. In addition, methodological guidelines of the Ministry of Transport regarding the measurements of the dowels and tie bars position and diagnostic by FWD was approved. The conclusion of the work summarizes and emphasizes the results of the dissertation.