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Anthropogenic activities associated with the status of salmon stocks in Pacific Northwest watershedsMrakovcich, Karina Lorenz 09 April 1998 (has links)
Stocks of salmon are declining in the Pacific Northwest. Based on region-wide studies that list and categorize the status of salmon stocks (Nehlsen et al., 1991; Huntington et al., 1994; and Nawa, 1995), I analyze the watersheds where stocks of salmon spawn for several anthropogenic variables, most of which are known to affect salmon. A total of 202 watersheds (stocks of salmon) in Washington, Oregon, California, and Idaho are coded for 13 anthropogenic variables such as dams, forest, agriculture, human population, hatcheries, Indian tribes, and watershed organizations. Most variables are ordinally coded 1 to 5 with the help of maps, some survey results, and visual assessment. Hypotheses are that the human activities that are detrimental to the health of salmon are
associated with the poor status of salmon stocks in watersheds where they
spawn. Salmon watersheds are also analyzed according to ecoregions and
salmon management regions. Principal components analysis is performed to
reduce the number of anthropogenic variables into factors. Kendall's tau, partial
correlation, multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and discriminant
analyses are performed separately for five species/races of salmon (coho, spring
chinook, summer chinook, fall chinook, winter steelhead) and for the watershed
average for salmon stock status, against the anthropogenic variables and factors. Statistical results using both variables and factors support most of the hypotheses relative to salmon and anthropogenic activities in watersheds. Results suggest that the 5 species/races of salmon are associated differently with most anthropogenic activities. The greater the amount of dams below watersheds where salmon spawn, the less healthy the salmon stocks. Summer chinook are least healthy where hatcheries are absent, while wild and scenic rivers are associated with healthier spring chinook. Coho are least healthy where there is more agriculture, more human population, and less forest. Fall chinook are least healthy where there is more US Forest Service land. Winter steelhead are least healthy where hatcheries are absent and less Indian tribal
land. Ecoregional differences coupled with the absence of dams on the Coast compared to the Columbia Basin are associated with healthier coastal stocks. / Graduation date: 1998
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THE ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF U.S.A. SOFTWOOD LOG EXPORTS FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION TO JAPAN; INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN THE POSTWAR ERA (INVESTMENT, REGRESSION, ECONOMETRIC, CAPITAL, ELASTICITY, UNITED STATES).Douglas, Aaron Jack, 1940- January 1986 (has links)
No description available.
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The effects of pathogens, UV-B radiation, and introduced species on amphibians in the Pacific NorthwestKiesecker, Joseph Michael 29 May 1997 (has links)
I examined two amphibian communities to assess factors
that may impact amphibian biodiversity. The results suggest
that the potential factors which influence the maintenance
of amphibian biodiversity are multi-faceted and thus,
attempts to understand these factors must reflect these
complexities.
I investigated factors that influenced the susceptibility
of western toad (Bufo boreas), Cascades frog (Rana
cascadae), and Pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla) embryos to
infection with the fungal pathogen Saprolegnia ferax. I
found that there were considerable interspecific differences
in susceptibility of anuran embryos to infection with
Saprolegnia. Interspecific differences can be attributed to
differences in egg-laying behavior and sensitivity to
ambient levels of ultraviolet radiation.
I studied the effect of Saprolegnia on competitive
interactions between larval R. cascadae and H. regilla. The
presence of Saprolegnia differentially affected larval
recruitment of the two species and mediated competitive
interactions. These results suggest that pathogens may have
strong effects on species interactions and thus, when
present may have strong influences on community composition.
I examined population differences in response of native
red-legged frogs (R. aurora) to introduced bullfrogs (R.
catesbeiana). Syntopic R. aurora tadpoles reduced their
activity and increased their refuge-use when presented with
the chemical cues of R. catesbeiana, whereas allotopic R.
aurora did not. Predation by R. catesbeiana was lower for
syntopic R. aurora compared with animals from allotopic
populations. Individuals that are unfamiliar with novel,
introduced organisms may not possess adaptations that would
prevent a negative encounter. In field experiments I
demonstrated that introduced R. catesbeiana, and smallmouth
bass Micropterus dolomieui, influenced the microhabitat use,
growth, and survival of larval and metamorphic R. aurora.
These results illustrate the potential complexities of
interactions between native and exotic species. These
results also stress the importance of understanding the
mechanisms of interactions between native and exotic species
to allow for the persistence of native biodiversity. / Graduation date: 1998
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Subject index to the history of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska as found in the United States government documents, Congressional series, Forty-seventh Congress, 1881-1883 : [a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree in Library Science] /Findly, Elizabeth. January 1944 (has links)
Thesis (M.L.S.)--University of Michigan, 1944. / "Designed to supplement the Subject index to the history of the Pacific Northwest and of Alaska ... prepared by Katharine B. Judson, and published by the Washington State Library, in 1913"--Introd. "Library Science 321." At head of title: University of Michigan, Department of Library Science.
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An evaluation of strategies for hedging feeder cattle in the Pacific NorthwestGatti, Andrew Leo 12 October 1984 (has links)
Over the past decade, feeder cattle backgrounders in the Pacific
Northwest have been subject to sharp price fluctuations for their
output. The result has been variable profits and losses. This
situation creates a need for management and marketing techniques
which can provide Pacific Northwest cattle ranchers with protection
against price risks while enhancing the profitability of their
operations. Recent economic literature has shown hedging with futures
contracts to be an effective tool for mitigating risk and/or
increasing the net revenues of cattle producers in a number of
regions of the United States.
The objective of this research was to determine whether hedging
with futures contracts could have increased the profitability of
Pacific Northwest feeder cattle production while decreasing the
effects of price volatiliy. To realize this objective, the economic
performance of alternative hedging strategies were evaluated for
several methods of feeder cattle backgrounding indigenous to the
Pacific Northwest region.
Four hedging strategies -- routine, moving average, profit
objective, and triangular probability distribution — were evaluated
for hedging the output of four simulated production systems. The mean
and standard deviation of annual net returns were computed for each
hedging strategy to serve as measures of profitability and risk,
respectively. The results of not hedging were also obtained to
provide a basis for comparing alternative hedging programs. Sample t
and F tests were conducted to determine whether there were
statistically significant differences between the means and standard
deviations of the unhedged and hedged positions. Dominant hedging
strategies were then identified for each production system.
Based on the results of the mean-variance analysis, it appears
that the use of selective futures market hedging strategies would
have provided greater and more stable levels of profit compared to
the net incomes obtained without hedging. Sample t and F tests, using
80 and 90 percent levels of significance respectively, showed that
hedging could have significantly decreased the variability of the
producer's flow of income without significantly changing the
operation's average profitability.
Moving average, profit objective, and triangular probability
distribution strategies were dominant, increased average
profitability, and significantly lowered risk for at least one
production system each. Overall, moving average strategies generated
the highest mean profits with the greatest risk. Profit objective
strategies generally resulted in lower mean profit than moving
average strategies but with less risk. The risks and returns from
hedging with triangular probability distribution strategies were
usually between the moving average and profit objective procedures.
Strategies which performed well in this study should also
perform well in the future if conditions in the feeder cattle markets
do not vary substantially from those of the previous decade. Thus,
hedging with futures market contracts may provide the Pacific
Northwest feeder cattle producers with protection against price risk
and enhanced profitability. / Graduation date: 1985
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Rainfall over coastal waters of the Pacific NorthwestReed, Ronald Keith 30 August 1972 (has links)
The objective of this study was to ascertain the magnitude and
distribution of rainfall over coastal waters of the northwestern United
States and to compare values with those at nearby land stations.
Precipitation was measured with gauges at Totem, rainfall amounts
were assessed from weather reports at lightships off the coast, and
precipitation frequencies at lightships and land stations were examined.
Results from the three methods were quite consistent; precipitation.
on at sea was only about one-third that at coastal land stations.
These values are appreciably less than previous estimates of oceanic
rainfall in this area, and they support the view that a significant
horizontal gradient of precipitation may exist between the coast and
open sea. Rainfall typically occurs both at sea and ashore on the
same day, but it rains fewer hours at sea. The relative amount of
rain at sea varies with the type of atmospheric system, and rainfall
at the coast appears to be intensified by frictional processes.
Estimates of evaporation minus precipitation are less negative
than earlier ones; consideration of their relation to surface salinity
leads to distributions that are in good agreement with oceanographic
knowledge. The newer values suggest that in this region the heat
gain by the atmosphere may be less (but moisture entrainment may
be greater) than was thought. / Graduation date: 1973
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Crustal structures in the Pacific Northwest states from phase-velocity dispersion of seismic surface wavesChiburis, Edward Frank 08 August 1965 (has links)
Graduation date: 1966
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Earthquake waves following the Pn phase and their indications of focal depth and crustal structures in the Pacific Northwest statesFrench, William Stanley 14 October 1969 (has links)
Graduation date: 1970
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Vernalization requirement studies with Pacific Northwest wheatsBaloch, Dost M. 07 October 1994 (has links)
Graduation date: 1995
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Tillamook prehistory and its relation to the Northwest coast culture area.Newman, Thomas M. January 1959 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon. / Bibliography: p. [54]-55. Also available on the World Wide Web.
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