Money lenders frequently use sale and lease back agreements as an alternative to other more conventional forms of security. These agreements are popular because they are simple and inexpensive to put in place. Unfortunately, South African courts give legal effect to the true intention of contracting parties. Sale and lease back agreements are often held to be simulated contracts and as such they are enforced as disguised pledges. One of the few alternative security options available to money lenders, is a notarial bond registered in terms of the Security By Means of Movable Property Act 57 of 1993. This act has been criticised for creating an ineffective form of security that is costly and cumbersome to put in place. It is suggested that the current security options available to money lenders are supplemented with the creation of a more user friendly public register for the registration of security interests. / Private Law / LL.M.

Money lenders frequently use sale and lease back agreements as an alternative to other more conventional forms of security. These agreements are popular because they are simple and inexpensive to put in place. Unfortunately, South African courts give legal effect to the true intention of contracting parties. Sale and lease back agreements are often held to be simulated contracts and as such they are enforced as disguised pledges. One of the few alternative security options available to money lenders, is a notarial bond registered in terms of the Security By Means of Movable Property Act 57 of 1993. This act has been criticised for creating an ineffective form of security that is costly and cumbersome to put in place. It is suggested that the current security options available to money lenders are supplemented with the creation of a more user friendly public register for the registration of security interests. / Private Law / LL.M.

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van saaklike sekerheidstelling is om 'n saak as eksekusievoorwerp tot die beskikking van die kredietgewer te stel. Vorderingsregte as sekerheidsobjekte voldoen hieraan en moet daarom as deel van die saakbegrip beskou word. Vorderingsregte word in die praktyk as sekerheidsobjekte aangewend of by wyse van sekerheidsessies of deur middel van die registrasie van 'n notariele verband daaroor. Alhoewel die regspraak by sekerheidsessies voorkeur gee aan 'n verpandingskonstruksie, is Scott van mening dat 'n algehele sekerheidsessie nog moontlik is. Die toepassing van die verpandingskonstruksie lewer aanvaarbare resultate en voldoen meestal aan die kontrakterende partye se behoeftes. Die vereiste van publisiteit by pandreg sal egter in sekere gevalle nie vir die partye aanvaarbaar wees nie en kan algehele sekerheidsessies hier 'n oplossing bied. By notariele verbande is die bestaande posisie ingevolge waarvan 'n onderskeid gemaak word tussen liggaamlike en onliggaamlike sake as sekerheidsobjekte, onuithoudbaar en is wetgewing in die verband nodig. The aim of real security is to have objects available to a creditor for execution. Personal rights may be used for this purpose and should therefore be included in the definition of property. In practise claims (personal rights) are used as security objects by way of a security cession or through the registration of a notarial bond over the claims. Although the courts give preference to personal rights in security by way of pledge, Scott is of the opinion that these decisions do not exclude out-and-out security cessions. The results that application of the law of pledge causes, are acceptable and will mostly fulfil the need of the parties. In certain situations the requirement of publicity will however be unacceptable in which instance out-and-out security cessions may be the solution. The current position where a distinction is made between corporeal and incorporeal property as security objects, is unacceptable and legislation is needed in this regard. / Private Law / LL.M.

The aim of the thesis is to analyze the role of the notary in the Czech legal order placing emphasis on the link between his activities and the civil process. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The opening chapter deals with the history of notary office and presents and clarifies the basic notary principles. It is also dedicated to the scope of their professional organisation. Chapter two represents the most extensive part of the thesis, where the relationship between notary and civil procedure is clarified. The first subchapter deals with the role of notary as a court commissioner within inheritance proceedings. While performing acts in the inheritance proceedings, his activities resemble to the field of activities of a judge, because notary carries out the whole proceedings from the moment of the authorisation given by court of first instance, including the decision on the merits. The second subchapter is dedicated to the role of notary while drawing up notarial deeds under which executory proceeding can be directly ordered and carried out. If the notarial deed meets all the requirements by law and contains the clause of execution, it represents a public document, which works in the executory proceedings as a mode for execution thanks to which the civil procedure can be skipped. This subchapter...

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van saaklike sekerheidstelling is om 'n saak as eksekusievoorwerp tot die beskikking van die kredietgewer te stel. Vorderingsregte as sekerheidsobjekte voldoen hieraan en moet daarom as deel van die saakbegrip beskou word. Vorderingsregte word in die praktyk as sekerheidsobjekte aangewend of by wyse van sekerheidsessies of deur middel van die registrasie van 'n notariele verband daaroor. Alhoewel die regspraak by sekerheidsessies voorkeur gee aan 'n verpandingskonstruksie, is Scott van mening dat 'n algehele sekerheidsessie nog moontlik is. Die toepassing van die verpandingskonstruksie lewer aanvaarbare resultate en voldoen meestal aan die kontrakterende partye se behoeftes. Die vereiste van publisiteit by pandreg sal egter in sekere gevalle nie vir die partye aanvaarbaar wees nie en kan algehele sekerheidsessies hier 'n oplossing bied. By notariele verbande is die bestaande posisie ingevolge waarvan 'n onderskeid gemaak word tussen liggaamlike en onliggaamlike sake as sekerheidsobjekte, onuithoudbaar en is wetgewing in die verband nodig. The aim of real security is to have objects available to a creditor for execution. Personal rights may be used for this purpose and should therefore be included in the definition of property. In practise claims (personal rights) are used as security objects by way of a security cession or through the registration of a notarial bond over the claims. Although the courts give preference to personal rights in security by way of pledge, Scott is of the opinion that these decisions do not exclude out-and-out security cessions. The results that application of the law of pledge causes, are acceptable and will mostly fulfil the need of the parties. In certain situations the requirement of publicity will however be unacceptable in which instance out-and-out security cessions may be the solution. The current position where a distinction is made between corporeal and incorporeal property as security objects, is unacceptable and legislation is needed in this regard. / Private Law / LL.M.

La recherche ainsi entamée nous a toutefois réservé des surprises de taille qui nous ont contraint à sortir de la seule sphère successorale pour élargir notre réflexion à d’autres domaines du droit civil, et à formuler ainsi une structure de thèse plus étendue et plus complexe.La thèse que nous proposons de défendre est que la saisine héréditaire n’est en réalité que l’une des déclinaisons d’un concept beaucoup plus vaste, qui traverse tout le champ du droit civil, celui de « saisine ». Nous défendrons la thèse selon laquelle ce concept transversal, méconnu de notre Code civil, se manifeste au travers de ses deux facultés principales, que nous qualifierons de saisine statique et de saisine dynamique. La saisine comprise dans sa faculté statique est précisément révélée dans notre droit par la saisine héréditaire et prend la forme d’un droit réel de posséder, dont nous proposons de démontrer l’existence et que nous mettrons à l’épreuve. L’autre faculté du concept de saisine, que nous qualifierons de saisine dynamique, consiste en la remise en cause du transfert solo consensu par la reconnaissance du caractère dual de la mécanique du transfert de propriété. Notre thèse est ici de démontrer que les droits français et belge connaissent, à l’instar du droit romain et du droit positif allemand, une mécanique de transfert duale, où l’acte translatif est distinct du contrat obligationnel. Nous démontrerons que la saisine, comprise dans sa faculté dynamique, est précisément l’acte translatif nécessaire au transfert du droit réel. Fort de ces enseignements nécessaires à sa compréhension causale, la thèse sera enfin recentrée sur son objet initial, la saisine héréditaire. Sur le fondement des analyses précitées, nous proposerons une théorie nouvelle de la saisine héréditaire, droit réel de posséder inclus dans la propriété de l’hérédité, selon laquelle le premier doit suivre la seconde, aux fins d’éviter les insécurités juridiques nombreuses générées par l’organisation de lege lata de l’institution. Nous proposerons enfin une harmonisation entre l’analyse causale de la saisine héréditaire, telle que nous l’aurons développée, et l’analyse fonctionnelle traditionnelle de l’institution. / Doctorat en Sciences juridiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

A real security right improves a creditor’s chances of recovering a debt owed to him by the debtor. In the case of an ordinary pledge, the pledgor delivers physical control of his movable property to his creditor to serve as security for the repayment of the principal debt. The increasing value and use of movable property as an object of security coupled with technological advancement have resulted in many countries calling for legal reform of real security rights over movable property. In South Africa this led to the introduction of the Security by Means of Movable Property Act 57 of 1993 which makes provision for a pledge without possession. The Act regulates only special notarial bonds and does not apply to general notarial bonds. The real security right vests in the bondholder upon registration of the bond, provided that the movable property encumbered is described in a notarial bond in a way that makes it readily recognisable. The Act has substituted delivery with registration in the Deeds Registry. Registration of the notarial bond in the Deeds Registry is questioned as to whether it complies with the publicity principle. This is because movable property can be shifted from one place to another without any knowledge on the part of the creditor due to the inaccessible and costly registration system. The third party then receives the property subject to the real security right of the creditor. The substitution of delivery with registration is the controversial feature in this study. Linked to the legal problems regarding compliance with the publicity principle, is the description and identification requirement as provided for under the Act, the exclusion of general notarial bonds from the application of the Act, and the question of whether it is appropriate to regard special notarial bonds as pledges without possession. This study questions whether the current land registry system should be used for the registration of notarial bonds and suggests that a new system designed specifically for the registration of real security rights over movables be considered. I compare the position in the Belgian legal system as regards developments in real security rights over movables to identify possible solutions and recommendations for the South African approach. / Private Law / LL. M.

This master dissertation (diploma) is committed to inheritance, inheritance law and inheritance with a focus on properties and also inheritance with international subject in the inheritance procedure. The goal of this work is to give sufficient information so that even the uninformed reader will know what is associated with inheritance, what are the basic terms from this area of law and also the questions of inheritance's inter-family relations because inheritance will be a subject everyone deals with eventually. The subject of this dissertation is inheritance throughout history to its current legal regulation. At the same time it is also mentioned inheritance as a change of ownership law and concepts that are related with this part of civil law. In the introduction is explained the terms of inheritance and inheritance law are explained with the view to the history of Roman law and to the Middle Ages. Next is an explanation of the basic law terms through to our current law regulation. There is also a focus on inheritance procedures including the change of the ownership rights and then will be the process of the registration of the ownership right to the real estate cadastre. With this topic is also connected a possibility of inheritance procedure with properties. At the end this work is included practices of case with international subject in the inheritance procedure. Because of the focus on the inheritance of properties, the last chapter is about the valuation of properties in the course of the inheritance procedure.