The thesis focuses on the settlement of real estate in probate proceedings, which describes the various stages of progress, účastků relationship management and sharing of evidence that are part of the process. The theoretical part of chapter three model situations concerning the valuation of real estate appraisal expert, real estate price trends, and the settlement of a member's interest in cooperative housing, both in terms of marital property and from a more heirs.

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L’entrée en vigueur de la Loi concernant le cadre juridique des technologies de l’information (ci-après la Loi), est la concrétisation de la prise en compte par le droit, de la preuve technologique. La notion de document technologique est à la fois centrale dans la Loi et dans le Code civil du Québec. Il s’est parfaitement intégré aux divers moyens de preuve du Code civil. Nous allons nous intéresser à cette notion qu’est le document technologique, mais davantage à ses éléments structurants, les métadonnées. Nous allons nous pencher sur la notion, ses origines et ses domaines de prédilection, faisant d’elles, un objet a priori essentiellement technologique, avant de les envisager dans un contexte de preuve. Nous allons voir quel potentiel probatoire les métadonnées représentent, à l’appui d’un document technologique. Enfin, nous nous interrogerons sur leur rôle probatoire autour des notions de copie-transfert et des obligations posées par la Loi, afin que ces deux modes de reproduction des document, puissent légalement tenir lieu du document original, soit la certification et la documentation. / The entry into force of the Act to establish a legal framework for information technology (hereafter «the Law») symbolises the embodiment of technological evidence into law. The notion of technological document is central to this Law. It is perfectly integrated to the different means of evidence in the Civil code. We will of course look at the notion of technological document, but even more so at its structuring element, metadata. We will study the notion, the origin and core areas of metadata. Metadata, an essentially technological element, will be studied within the context of evidence law. We will see what probationary potential metadata can offer in support of a technological document. Finally, we will examine the role of metadata within the copy-transfer concept and obligations imposed by the Law to legally be used as original document, certification and documentation.

This diploma thesis characterizes a specified field of the civil law that deals with the judicial proceedings of inheritance through the analysis of professional literature and relevant case law. The attention is especially devoted to development of the legislation, the proceedings in the beginning of this judicial proceedings and its parties, the minor included, possible discretions of the decedent with his belongings, the conflicts appeared in this judicial proceedings, the settlement of the estate in entirety, the question of the overextended asset and the selected issues of judicial proceedings of inheritance with the international aspect (Regulation (EU) No 650/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council).The thesis points out the main amendments which have been brought to the judicial proceedings of inheritance by the recodification of the private law that has been in effect in Czech Republic since 01. 01. 2014. The thesis was composed by the method of description with elements of analysis and synthesis. The individual legal institutes are described, analytically examined and evaluated. There are presented their mutual connections and the view of the problematic as a whole. The comparative method was used as well by evaluating the present legislation with the former one that was in effect in the Czech Republic until 31. 12. 2013.

La montée en puissance de l'obligation de conseil n'a pas épargné, dans son sillage, l'avocat et le notaire. Or, avec près de 65000 avocats et 11000 notaires en exercice sur le sol français, recensés en 2017, ils représentent les métiers du droit les plus exercés mais aussi les plus exposés au risque de voir leur responsabilité civile engagée en raison du manquement à leur obligation de conseil. Pourtant, les contours de cette obligation, dessinés par la jurisprudence, sont souvent diffus et imprécis. L'objectif de la thèse consiste donc à démontrer que l'obligation de conseil dispose d'un régime autonome, obéissant à des forces propres, permettant de la distinguer de notions voisines. Pour y parvenir, il faudra mettre en lumière la fonction de l'obligation de conseil. Cette analyse permettra de démontrer que l'avocat et le notaire sont tenus d'une obligation dont la portée est sensiblement identique. Curieusement, pourtant, en cas de défaillance de leur part, la jurisprudence a fait le choix de ne pas retenir un régime de responsabilité civile uniforme. Traditionnellement, en effet, c'est généralement à l'aune des règles de la responsabilité contractuelle que l'avocat doit répondre de sa défaillance tandis que la responsabilité du notaire est plutôt appréciée sur le terrain délictuel. Ce système, reposant sur une argumentation qui n'emporte pas pleinement la conviction, conduit à des inégalités de traitement de la victime mais aussi du professionnel fautif. Pour ces raisons, des solutions correctrices seront proposées afin d'harmoniser le régime de responsabilité civile applicable. / The overall increase of the obligation of counsel within the French legal system did not spare attorneys and notaries in its wake. With approximately 65000 practising attorneys and 11000 practising notaries in France, according to registered figures in 2017, they embody the most practiced legal professions. They are also the most likely to see their civil liability incurred in regards to a breach of their duty to provide legal advice. However, the outlines of this obligation, framed by case law, are often imprecise and diffuse. This thesis aims to demonstrate that the obligation of counsel has an autonomous regime subject to proper rules, highlighting the gap between adjacent concepts. In this context, the function of this obligation will be explained. This analysis will show that attorneys and notaries are bound to an obligation which the impact is roughly identical. However, in case of a breach of their obligation, case law does not design a unique regime of civil liability. Indeed, an attorney's liability is traditionally based on contractual liability, whereas a notary's liability is generally based on tort liability. This system, erected on a debatable argumentation, leads to inequalities of treatments for both victims and legal counsel. For these reasons, corrective solutions will be proposed in order to harmonise the civil liability regime applicable.

Le notariat existe depuis le tout début de la création de la province et il a traversé les différentes époques sociétales et sociales. Le notaire québécois contemporain possède des prérogatives professionnelles et une manière de pratiquer dont les caractéristiques semblent encore relever des origines de sa genèse, ce qui paraît peu adapté aux réalités de la société d’aujourd’hui. Cette étude nous amènera, dans un premier temps, à nous intéresser aux différentes dimensions du passé du notaire pour déterminer leurs liens avec le rôle qui est actuellement le sien. Par la suite, nous tenterons de préciser le concept de notaire « architecte de l’ordre social privé » développé par Roderick A. Macdonald et de définir le concept de « notaire clérical ». Ces deux concepts seront à la base de notre analyse du notaire québécois contemporain. / The notarial profession has existed since the beginning of the creation of the province of Québec and has survived different social eras. The modern notary in Quebec has professional prerogatives and a way of practising that still seem to have little in common with their origins in the foundations of the notary's profession. The latter seems to not be well adapted to the realities of modern society. This study will lead us, in the first instance, to examine the different dimensions of the past of the notarial profession to determine its links with its current role. We will then try to clarify the concept of the notary as "architect of the private social order" developed by Roderick A. Macdonald and to define the concept of "clerical notary". These two concepts will form the basis of our analysis of the contemporary Quebec notary.

[pt] O objetivo da dissertação é contribuir para o avanço do conhecimento sobre análise de investimentos com opções reais na implementação da tecnologia blockchain em serventias extrajudiciais, segundo o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tal, desenvolveu-se um modelo teórico baseado na Teoria das Opções Reais (TOR) para analisar investimentos na tecnologia blockchain, considerando diferentes níveis de adoção dessas tecnologias em serviços notariais e registrais e tipos de opções reais. A metodologia adotada compreende: (i) pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre o tema central da dissertação; (ii) análise de conteúdo para mapear as espécies de serventias extrajudiciais existentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, associando-as aos níveis de adoção da tecnologia blockchain reportados na literatura; (iii) desenvolvimento do modelo teórico para análise de investimentos com opções reais na implementação da tecnologia blockchain no referido contexto; (iv) demonstração da aplicabilidade do modelo proposto, a partir de dados primários coletados em uma serventia extrajudicial localizada no Estado do Paraná; e (v) análise reflexiva sobre os potenciais benefícios econômicos e não econômicos da adoção da tecnologia blockchain nas operações de serviços notariais e registrais no Brasil. Destacam-se como resultados principais um modelo de análise de investimentos com opções reais na implementação da tecnologia blockchain em serviços notariais e registrais no Brasil e a avaliação de seus impactos econômicos e não econômicos para os oficiais titulares, usuários dos serviços e a sociedade em geral. / [en] This dissertation aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the analysis of investments with real options in the implementation of blockchain technology in notary offices under the Brazilian legal framework. To achieve this, a theoretical model was developed based on the Real Options Theory (ROT) to analyze investments in blockchain technology, considering varying levels of adoption of this technology in notarial and registry services, as well as types of real options. The adopted methodology encompasses: (i) bibliographic and documentary research on the central themes of the dissertation; (ii) content analysis to map the types of notarial and registry offices existing in the Brazilian legal framework, associating them with the reported levels of adoption of blockchain technology reported in the literature; (iii) development of a theoretical model for the analysis of investments with real options in the aforementioned context; (iv) of the applicability of the proposed model, based on primary data collected from an extrajudicial office located in the state of Paraná; and (v) reflective analysis of the potential economic and non-economic benefits of adopting blockchain technology in notarial and registry services in Brazil. The main results include a model for the analysis of investments with real options in the implementation of blockchain technology in notarial and registry services in Brazil, along with an assessment of its economic and noneconomic impacts on titular officials, service users, and society in general.

La sous-traitance est une pratique constante dans le domaine de la construction, en raison de ses atouts économiques et techniques. Par cette pratique, les sous-traitants effectuent des travaux sans être, sur le plan juridique, liés contractuellement au maître de l’ouvrage. Comment assurer le paiement de leurs créances, eu égard au risque de défaillance de l'entrepreneur. Le législateur a prévu un régime légal de protection et la pratique a élaboré des mécanismes. Le régime légal, bien qu’il assure efficacement la protection des créances des sous-traitants, comporte certaines faiblesses dans son application qui peuvent causer des inconvénients aux sous-traitants et au propriétaire. L’assurance de titres et des retenues de fonds par l’institution financière ou le notaire peuvent pallier ces difficultés pour le propriétaire. Les mécanismes de protection élaborés par la pratique, tels que le cautionnement et les garanties monétaires, accroissent la protection des sous-traitants lorsqu’ils sont utilisés parallèlement au régime légal et profitent au propriétaire. / Subcontracting is an established practice in the construction industry, because of its economic and technical strengths. Through this practice, sub-contractors perform work without being contractually bound to the client. How to ensure payment of their claims, given the risk of default by the contractor. The legislature has provided a statutory system of protection and the practice has developed mechanisms. Although the statutory scheme ensures effective protection of subcontractors’ claims, it has certain weaknesses in its application, which may cause inconveniences to the subcontractors and the owner. Title insurance and the withholding of funds by the financial institution or notary can overcome these difficulties for the owner. The protection mechanisms developed through practice, such as bond and currency guarantees, increase the protection of subcontractors when used in conjunction with the statutory scheme and benefits the owner.

The aim of the thesis is to analyze the role of the notary in the Czech legal order placing emphasis on the link between his activities and the civil process. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The opening chapter deals with the history of notary office and presents and clarifies the basic notary principles. It is also dedicated to the scope of their professional organisation. Chapter two represents the most extensive part of the thesis, where the relationship between notary and civil procedure is clarified. The first subchapter deals with the role of notary as a court commissioner within inheritance proceedings. While performing acts in the inheritance proceedings, his activities resemble to the field of activities of a judge, because notary carries out the whole proceedings from the moment of the authorisation given by court of first instance, including the decision on the merits. The second subchapter is dedicated to the role of notary while drawing up notarial deeds under which executory proceeding can be directly ordered and carried out. If the notarial deed meets all the requirements by law and contains the clause of execution, it represents a public document, which works in the executory proceedings as a mode for execution thanks to which the civil procedure can be skipped. This subchapter...

La sous-traitance est une pratique constante dans le domaine de la construction, en raison de ses atouts économiques et techniques. Par cette pratique, les sous-traitants effectuent des travaux sans être, sur le plan juridique, liés contractuellement au maître de l’ouvrage. Comment assurer le paiement de leurs créances, eu égard au risque de défaillance de l'entrepreneur. Le législateur a prévu un régime légal de protection et la pratique a élaboré des mécanismes. Le régime légal, bien qu’il assure efficacement la protection des créances des sous-traitants, comporte certaines faiblesses dans son application qui peuvent causer des inconvénients aux sous-traitants et au propriétaire. L’assurance de titres et des retenues de fonds par l’institution financière ou le notaire peuvent pallier ces difficultés pour le propriétaire. Les mécanismes de protection élaborés par la pratique, tels que le cautionnement et les garanties monétaires, accroissent la protection des sous-traitants lorsqu’ils sont utilisés parallèlement au régime légal et profitent au propriétaire. / Subcontracting is an established practice in the construction industry, because of its economic and technical strengths. Through this practice, sub-contractors perform work without being contractually bound to the client. How to ensure payment of their claims, given the risk of default by the contractor. The legislature has provided a statutory system of protection and the practice has developed mechanisms. Although the statutory scheme ensures effective protection of subcontractors’ claims, it has certain weaknesses in its application, which may cause inconveniences to the subcontractors and the owner. Title insurance and the withholding of funds by the financial institution or notary can overcome these difficulties for the owner. The protection mechanisms developed through practice, such as bond and currency guarantees, increase the protection of subcontractors when used in conjunction with the statutory scheme and benefits the owner.