Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a vital component to the security ecosystem and the most popular security protocol used on the Internet today. Despite the strengths of the protocol, numerous vulnerabilities result from its improper use in practice. Some of these vulnerabilities arise from weaknesses in authentication, from the rigidity of the trusted authority system to the complexities of client certificates. Others result from the misuse of TLS by developers, who misuse complicated TLS libraries, improperly validate server certificates, employ outdated cipher suites, or deploy other features insecurely. To make matters worse, system administrators and users are powerless to fix these issues, and lack the ability to properly control how their own machines communicate securely online. In this dissertation we argue that the problems described are the result of an improper placement of security responsibilities. We show that by placing TLS services in the operating system, both new and existing applications can be automatically secured, developers can easily use TLS without intimate knowledge of security, and security settings can be controlled by administrators. This is demonstrated through three explorations that provide TLS features through the operating system. First, we describe and assess TrustBase, a service that repairs and strengthens certificate-based authentication for TLS connections. TrustBase uses traffic interception and a policy engine to provide administrators fine-tuned control over the trust decisions made by all applications on their systems. Second, we introduce and evaluate the Secure Socket API (SSA), which provides TLS as an operating system service through the native POSIX socket API. The SSA enables developers to use modern TLS securely, with as little as one line of code, and also allows custom tailoring of security settings by administrators. Finally, we further explore a modern approach to TLS client authentication, leveraging the operating system to provide a generic platform for strong authentication that supports easy deployment of client authentication features and protects user privacy. We conclude with a discussion of the reasons for the success of our efforts, and note avenues for future work that leverage the principles exhibited in this work, both in and beyond TLS.

The aim of this thesis is to describe the interpretation and translation services for judicial purposes in Russia and systematise the way in which they are used in judicial practice. The investigated topic is handled functionally and descriptivelyaccording to the following criteria: (1) development/historic - a description of the development of translation and interpretation services in the USSR and in modern Russia; (2) legislative - the status of the interpreter and the translator in the judicial process, their rights and responsibilities, formulation of ethical principles of their activities; (3) an objective evaluation - an assessment of the conditions for the exercise of a court interpreter and translator, qualifications and growth, the criteria for the selection of a professional translator/interpreter from agencies, the role of notaries in the translation process and its role in checking translations. Linking these aspects will enable not only a comprehensive view of the situation, but also to compare them with the services offered in the country.

En fastighetsförmedlingsprocess skiljer sig markant mellan Sverige och Frankrike, vilket kan påverka uppfattningen hos köpare och säljare. I Sverige betonas transparens och trygghet genom en opartisk fastighetsmäklare, medan Frankrike använder sig av separata köp- och säljmäklare, med en notarie som hanterar den slutgiltiga affären. Skillnader i dessa processer skulle kunna leda till varierande kundupplevelser och därmed direkt påverka kundens nöjdhet. Att förstå dessa skillnader och anpassa tjänsterna därefter är avgörande för fastighetsmäklarens framgång och för att upprätthålla ett fungerande mäklarsystem i landet. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka och mäta kundupplevelsen från förmedlingsprocesserna i Sverige och Frankrike för att förstå vilken process som uppskattas mest av kunden.  I studien har en kvalitativ metod valts där semistrukturerade intervjuer har använts för att samla in material. Den grundar sig i teorier om kundens upplevelse, nöjdhet, upplevda servicekvalitet och lojalitet samt olika mätinstrument som kan fånga upp de olika aspekterna. Arbetet har belyst kundernas perception utifrån skillnaderna i de olika processerna enligt sju olika dimensioner från mätinstrumentet RESERV. Dessa är pålitlighet, beredskap, säkerhet, empati, materiella tillgångar, professionalism och tillgänglighet.  Studien har visat att kundens upplevelse påverkas av de olika förmedlingsprocesserna. Områden som säkerhet, beredskap och professionalism har dominerat de insamlade svaren och har ansetts ha en stor betydelse för kundens upplevelse. Sverige utmärker sig inom områdena beredskap och professionalism och Frankrike inom säkerhet. Studien konstaterar att olika processer föredras utifrån ett sälj- och ett köpperspektiv. Vidare går det att konstatera att kunderna värderade beredskapen mer än säkerheten eftersom de inte upplevde något av länderna som direkt osäkert. Studien resulterade i att den svenska processen var mer omtyckt än det franska i helhet - men att en kombination av de båda hade varit det bästa alternativet. Detta där en förmedlingsprocess både innehåller hög säkerhet men även hög beredskap som gör processen smidig och snabb. / The mediation process differs significantly between Sweden and France, which can affect the perception of buyers and sellers. In Sweden, transparency and security are emphasised through an impartial Real Estate Broker, while France uses separate buyer and seller Brokers, with a Notary handling the final transaction. Differences in these processes could lead to varying customer experiences and thus directly impact customer satisfaction. Understanding these differences and adapting services accordingly is crucial for a Broker's success and to maintain a functioning Brokerage system in the country. This study aims to investigate and measure the customer experience from the mediation processes in Sweden and France to understand which process is most appreciated by the customer.  In the study, a qualitative method was chosen where semi-structured interviews were used to collect material. It is based on theories of customer experience, satisfaction, perceived service quality, and loyalty, as well as various measurement instruments that can capture these different aspects. The work has highlighted customers' perceptions based on the differences in the processes according to seven different dimensions from the RESERV measurement instrument. These are reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangibles, professionalism, and availability.  The study has shown that the customer experience is influenced by the different mediation processes. Areas such as security, readiness, and professionalism have dominated the collected responses and have been considered to have a significant impact on the customer experience. Sweden stands out in the areas of readiness and professionalism, and France in security. The study concludes that different processes are preferred from a seller and buyer perspective. Furthermore, it can be noted that customers valued readiness more than security because they did not perceive any of the countries as directly unsafe. The study results in Sweden being considered to have a somewhat more preferred process overall - but that a combination of the two would have been the best option. This meaning that the process contains both a high level of security but also a high level of readiness for a smooth and fast process.