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An analysis of K⁺-nucleon scatteringHyslop, John S. 12 October 2005 (has links)
A partial-wave analysis of K⁺-nucleon scattering has been performed. Energy-dependent and energy-independent solutions for the isoscalar and isovector amplitudes are generated by fitting data with a chi-squared minimization technique. The isoscalar amplitudes extend to a K⁺ incident lab kinetic energy of 1100 MeV; the isovector amplitudes extend to 2650 MeV. Due to the lack of a neutron target and scarcity of isoscalar data, K⁺-deuteron inelastic and elastic data are utilized in the analysis. The theories which incorporate the K⁺-deuteron data are fixed-scatterer, single-scattering impulse approximations.
Two different techniques are employed to find preliminary energy-dependent isoscalar solutions for the scattering amplitudes. The first technique involves initializing to two different single-energy solutions of previous studies. The second technique consists of utilizing the energy-dependent parametrization to fit successively larger bins of data, starting from zero energy, until the entire energy range is covered.
Two solutions result from these investigations since one of the solutions from the first technique agrees with the solution from the second technique. The partial-wave amplitudes are discussed. Resonance pole positions and scattering lengths are extracted from each solution and compared with predictions from theories and other analyses. Also, observables from each solution are compared and experiments are suggested to further refine the determination of the K⁺N partial-wave amplitudes. / Ph. D.
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The design, construction, and testing of a reactimeterJones, Kim Allen January 1977 (has links)
A reactimeter has been developed to measure the neutron reactivity of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University nuclear research reactor. The reactimeter will be employed in monitoring reactivity changes of samples entering and leaving the reactor.
The reactimeter is comprised of a compensated ion chamber that measures the neutron flux of the reactor and a microcomputer that performs the reactivity calculations. The calculations are based on the six group, point reactor kinetics equations. To simplify the algorithm programming into the microcomputer, the prompt jump approximation is used. The entire reactimeter program can be stored in 2 K of memory, but it requires a separate program of elementary mathematical subroutines. This second program performs all the mathematical operations and requires 1.25 K of memory. / Master of Science
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A New Method for Measuring the Nuclear Hexadecapole Interaction in Some SolidsNi, QingWen 08 1900 (has links)
A new method for measuring the nuclear hexadecapole interaction (HDI) in solids based on NMR quadrupole echoes is described. Theoretical values of the shifts of the quadrupole echo times caused by the HDI are given for two pulse and three pulse echoes in a nuclear spin 5/2 system. The method is applied to 1271 in an almost strain free crystal of KI and a hexadecapole coupling frequency (e2M16m16/h) of 630 Hz was found. Here e is the electronic charge, em16 is the fourth gradient of the external electric potential at the nuclear site, eM16 is the hexadecapole moment and h is the Planck constant. This HDI is smaller than previously measured values in solids (42.6 MHz for 1 81 Ta in TaF 5, 66.6 MHz for 175Lu in Lu(NO3 )3*4H 20), but not as small as an atomic beam result of 151 Hz for 165Ho in atomic Ho. The method described here may be used to search for the HDI in other cubic crystals. A double resonance (1151n, 31P) multiple pulse method was unsuccessfully used to search for the 1151n HDI in a single crystal of InP.
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Observation of K* (2060) in the [phi]K[pi] final state produced in proton-nuclei interactions at 400 GeV/cTorres, Sergio January 1985 (has links)
In 1982 Fermilab experiment E623 took data in a search for high-mass boson resonances which decay into one or two ɸ mesons produced in 400 GeV/c proton-nuclei interactions. A hardware trigger selected 3.6 million events with identified K⁺K⁻ pairs. Here I report my study of events with ɸKπ in the final state and present the first evidence for K°*(2060) decaying into ɸKπ and ɸK°*(890). / Ph. D. / incomplete_metadata
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Laser induced nuclear reactionsShaw, Martin January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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Estudo do espalhamento elástico e reações de feixes secundários de núcleos exóticos / Elastic scattering and reaction with secondary beans of exotic nucleusFaria, Pedro Neto de 27 November 2008 (has links)
Foram medidas distribuições angulares do espalhamento elástico 7Be+51V em Elab=26.6 MeV, 8Li+58Ni em Elab=20.2 e 22.0 MeV e 6He+120Sn em 17.4, 18.05, 19.8, 20.5 MeV e 8Li+120Sn em Elab=20.3 MeV. Os feixes radioativos foram produzidos no sistema RIBRAS (Radioactive Ion Beams in Brasil) a partir das reações de produção 9Be(7Li,8Li), 9Be(7Li,6He), 3He(7Li,7Be), 3He(6Li,7Be). No caso dos projéteis 7Be e 8Li e alvos de massas intermediárias, realizamos uma análise de modelo óptico das distribuições angulares e obtivemos a secção de choque total de reação. A secção de choque de reação reduzida foi comparada com outros sistemas estáveis fortemente ligados e fracamente ligados. Uma alta produção de partículas alfa foi detectada no espalhamento 6He+120Sn com velocidades próximas a do 6He espalhado. Foram determinadas distribuições angulares do espalhamento elástico e das alfas produzidas. Análises teóricas de quebra (CDCC), fusão-evaporação, transferência para o contínuo e para estados ligados indicam que a transferência é o que melhor explica os dados. / Measurements of the elastic angular distributions of 7Be+51V at Elab=26.6 MeV, 8Li+58Ni at Elab=20.2 e 22.0 MeV and 6He+120Sn at 17.4, 18.05, 19.8, 20.5 MeV and 8Li+120Sn at Elab=20.3 MeV have been performed. The radioactive beams have been produced at the system RIBRAS (Radioactive Ion Beams in Brasil) using the production reactions 9Be(7Li,8Li), 9Be(7Li,6He), 3He(7Li,7Be), 3He(6Li,7Be). The 7Be e 8Li scattering on intermediate mass targets have been analysed by optical model and the total reaction cross section has been obtained. The reduced reaction cross section has been compared to other stable, tightly bound and weakly bound systems. A high yield of alpha particles has been detected in the 6He+120Sn collision with velocities around the velocity of the scattered 6He. Angular distributions of these alpha particles have been obtained. Theoretical calculations of the breakup of the 6He (CDCC), fusion-evaporation and neutron transfer to bound states and to the continuum indicate that the neutron transfer is the process which best explains the data.
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Estudo experimental da fusão nuclear 16O + 60Ni / Experimental study of nuclear fusion in the 16O + 60Ni systemSilva, Cely Paula da 24 April 1990 (has links)
Com o objetivo de estudar o processo de fusão entre íons pesados, realizamos medidas da seção de choque do processo de fusão nuclear para o sistema 16O + 60Ni no intervalo de energia de bombardeio ao redor da barreira coulombiana (ELAB -> 40 - 72 mEv). A técnica utilizada para a detecção dos resíduos de evaporação do núcleo composto, foi a da medida do tempo de voo, associada a um sistema de deflexão eletrostática para separar esses resíduos, das partículas com massa perto da do feixe incidente. As distribuições angulares dos resíduos de evaporação foram medidas no intervalo angular de 2° <= ? <= 18°. A função de excitação de fusão foi analisada inicialmente via modelo de penetração de barreira unidimensional que mostrou subestimar a seção de choque de fusão em energias em torno e abaixo da barreira coulombiana; desta forma procuramos ajustar os dados desta região, através do modelo de canais acoplados, que não se mostrou totalmente satisfatório. Em energias acima da barreira (na região de anomalia) também foram detectados desvios dos dados experimentais com relação às previsões teóricas do modelo unidimensional, que são explicados através de considerações de potenciais ópticos. Com o objetivo de se obter uma melhor compreensão de efeitos de estrutura nuclear nos processos de reação envolvidos, comparamos o sistema até aqui citado com o sistema 18O + 58Ni (que leva ao mesmo núcleo composto do sistema 16O + 60Ni). A comparação revelou que o primeiro sistema possui um aumento significativo na seção de choque de fusão na região subcoulombiana, em relação ao 16O + 60Ni. Isto pode estar relacionado com o fato de que as estruturas internas dos núcleos são diferentes, mas não nos foi possível confirmar esta afirmação. / With the objective to study the process of fusion between heavy ions, we measured the nuclear fusion cross section for the system 16O + 60Ni, at an energy range around the Coulomb barrier (ELAB -> 40 - 72 mEv). In order to detect the evaporation residues following the fusion process, the time of flight method was adopted in conjunction with an electrostatic deflector capable of separating the evaporations residues from the beam particles. The angular distributions of the evaporation residues were measured in the angular range of 2° <= ? <= 18°. The excitation function was analyzed using the unidimensional barrier penetration model. Theoretical fusion cross sections obtained from this analysis were smaller than our measured values, in the energy region near and below the Coulomb barrier. In order to discover which channels enhance the fusion cross section in this region, a coupled channel calculation was performed, but did not lead to satisfactory results. Theoretical predictions for the unidimensional model were compared to the experimental fusion cross section (anomaly region). We compared the systems 18O + 58Ni and 16O + 60Ni (which lead to the same compound nucleus) to understand the nuclear structure effects in the reaction process. This comparison showed that the cross section of the first system is larger than for 16O + 60Ni, at energies below the Coulomb barrier. This could be possibly to the different internal structures of the nuclei, but it was not possible to confirm this affirmation.
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Emissão de nucleons via mecanismo de Feshbach-Zabeck na colisão periférica de íons pesados relativísticos. / Emission of nucleons via Feshbach-Zabeck mechanism in peripheral collision of relativistic heavy ion .Barz, Ligia Liani 20 December 1990 (has links)
O mecanismo de \"troca de fônon\" de Feshbach e Zabek é revisto e uma discussão detalhada é fornecida sobre o papel das leis de conservação e relação \"tipo fônon\" entre energia e momento transferidos. São investigados os efeitos de correlações de curto alcance na emissão de nucleons em colisões periféricas de íons pesados relativísticos. A seção de choque é calculada na aproximação de Born usando uma adaptação conveniente do modelo de Karol para o estado inicial e ondas planas, explicitamente ortogonalizadas ao estado inicial, para estados finais. Comparações com os resultados obtidos por Bertulani et al. usando ondas planas puras para o estado final mostram que a ortogonalização desempenha um papel relevante no valor obtido para a seção de choque. Discute-se também a sensibilidade do resultado aos parâmetros usados na discussão do estado inicial. / Abstract The \"phonon exchange\" mechanism of Feshbach and Zabek is reviewed and the role of the conservation laws and of the \"phonon-like\" relation between energy and transfered momentum is discussed. The effects of short range correlations for the emission of pair in peripheral relativistic heavy ions collisions are investigated. The cross section is calculated in Born approximation using a suitable modification of Karol\'s model for the initial state and plane waves, explicitly ortogonalized to the initial state, for the final states. Comparisons with the results obtained by Bertulani et al. using pure plane waves for the final state show that the ortogonalization has a non-negligibe effect on the magnitude of the resulting cross-sections. Sensitivity to the parameters involved in the description of the initial state is also discussed.
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Determinação de Parâmetros de Densidade de Níveis para Núcleos na Camada s-p / Determining levels density parameter for s-d nucleiCarlin Filho, Nelson 23 March 1983 (has links)
Através do estudo do contínuo de espectros de partículas leves evaporadas por um núcleo composto, determinamos parâmetros de densidade de níveis para núcleos pertencentes à camada s-d. Foram medidas distribuições angulares para os sistemas 16O + 12C (48. 8 e 54.2 MeV), 14N + 12C (46.0 MeV) e 18O + 12C (41.3 MeV), com 5° <= ?LAB <= 80°, obtendo-se espectros referentes aos canais de saída p, d, t e ?. Telescópios do tipo barreira de superfície foram utilizados na deteção das partículas carregadas. A análise foi efetuada em base ao modelo estatístico de Hauser-Feshbach onde o conhecimento da densidade de níveis dos núcleos residuais e, particularmente do parâmetro de densidade de níveis, é fundamental. A restrição do estudo a regiões de energia de excitação onde predomina a contribuição do primeiro decaimento do núcleo composto, permitiu eliminar a ambiguidade dos resultados As vantagens e inconvenientes do método aplicado são discutidos / Level density parameters for s-d nuclei were obtained through the study of the continuum of light particles evaporation spectra, from heavy ion compound reactions, Angular distributions were measured for the 16O + 12C (48. 8 e 54.2 MeV), 14N + 12C (46.0 MeV) and 18O + 12C (41.3 MeV) systems in the .angular interval 5° <= ?LAB <= 80°. Energy spectra of the p, d., t and ? exit channels were obtained. Solid state telescopes were used for the charged particles identification. The analysis of the data has been performed within the framework of the Hauser-Feshbach theory. The importance of the level density parameter has been investigated. The comparison of the experimental data to the theoretical prediction has been done in an excitation energy region in which sequential decay is negligible. The accuracy of the method is discussed.
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UM ESTUDO DAS REACOES 10B(14N,p)23 Na E 10B(14N, )20 Ne NA REGIAO SUBCOULOMBIANA / A study of the reactions 10B(14N,p)23Na and 10B(14N, ?)20Ne in subcoulombiana regionKoide, Kiyomi 27 June 1977 (has links)
Funções de excitação para a reação 10B(14N,p)23Na a ? Lab = 165° e para a reação 10B(14N, ?)20Ne a ? Lab 4° no intervalo de energia de bombardeio de 9,5 MeV a 13 MeV foram investigadas. Em ambas as reações não se encontrou evidência, para vários grupos de partículas observadas, da forte ressonância observada na interação 12C + 12C (correspondente à excitação do estado 12+ a 33,2 MeV no 24Mg). A análise da interação 10B + 14N pelo modelo ótico mostrou que o momento angular disponível não é suficiente para popular o estado 12+ do 14Mg. As duas reações foram estudadas com base na teoria estatística de reações nucleares. As ambiguidades nos parâmetros envolvidos foram discutidas. O bom acordo obtido entre a seção de choque experimental e a seção de choque calculada pelo modelo Hauser-Feshbach indica que o processo dominante é o de núcleo composto. / The excitation functions of reactions 10B(14N,p)23Na and 10B(14N, ?)20Ne were measured at ? Lab = 4° and 165° respectively, varying the incident energy between 9,5 and 13 MeV. There is no evidence, in both reactions, of the resonance observed at ECM = 19,3 MeV in the 12C + 12C interaction (corresponding to the excitation of the 12+ state at 33,2 MeV in 24Mg). Optical model analysis of 10B + 14N interaction shows that the angular momentum of the entrance channel is too low to populate this 12+ state of 24Mg. Predictious of the statistical theory of nuclear reactions are compared with experimental reaction cross sections. The ambiguities in optical model and level density parameters are discussed. Good agreement between experimental and calculated cross sections indicates that the dominant mechanism in these reactions is the compound-nucleus process.
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