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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Association Of Cyp2e1, Nqo1 And Gst Genetic Polymorphisms With Risk Of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia In Turkish Children

Ulusoy, Gulen 01 March 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer affecting children in the world and in our country. The exact molecular etiology of the disease still remains to be elucidated. This study hypothesized that four genes, namely CYP2E1*5B, *6, and *7B, NQO1*2 SNPs, GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null, alone or in combination, could contribute to the risk of development of childhood ALL. Also interactions of these polymorphisms with non-genetic risk factors were investigated. The genotyping of these polymorphisms were done on 209 healthy subjects, and 185 patients with childhood ALL, in Turkish population. Venous blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was isolated from these samples. Genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP techniques. In the case-control analyses for the risk of development of childhood ALL, only GSTT1 null was found to be associated with the development of disease (OR= 1.8, p=0.01). CYP2E1*5B and *6 combination showed an increased risk of 2.7 fold (p= 0.04). Also co-presence of CYP2E1*6-GSTT1 and CYP2E1*7B-GSTT1 polymorphisms increased the risk significantly above 4.0 fold. The risk increased more to 7.6 fold, when CYP2E1*5B,*6 and GSTT1 null were considered together, with borderline significance (p=0.04). When interaction of exposure to cigarette smoke and genetic polymorphisms were investigated, NQO1*2 and GSTM1 null were turned out to be significant risk factors for the development of disease when the parental or child&rsquo / s postnatal exposure to cigarette smoke was considered. This study presented several new findings to the literature in terms of genetic epidemiology of childhood ALL. The present work would also contribute to public health in determining the susceptibility of the Turkish population to childhood ALL.
182

Entwicklung einer Methode zum Aufdecken von potentiellen Fehlern in der Konstruktion

Henze, Lars 04 August 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Vorbeugende QM-Techniken operationalisieren die Funktionen des Qualitätsmanagements (QM) mit dem Ziel einer abgesicherten Produktentstehung. Sie leisten einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Erhöhung der Produktqualität. Jedoch zeigen Untersuchungen, dass deren Einsatz häufig sehr große Probleme bereitet. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht vordergründig die FMEA, QFD und DRBFM. Neben der Beschreibung ihrer Anwendungsbereiche, werden die Vorteile und Schwächen gegenübergestellt. Es gilt, die Schwächen mit Hilfe einer neu entwickelten Methode zu umgehen bzw. zu eliminieren. Die Entwicklung zentraler Schwerpunkte zur Erreichung von Null-Fehlerqualität liefert die Basis für die Erstellung einer Checkliste in Form eines Fragenkataloges. Ziel soll es sein, durch die Systematik des Fragenkataloges und Wahl des Antwortformates Fehlerursachen zu vermeiden.
183

大學通識教育之懸缺課程研究:以政大學生觀點為例 / A study of null curriculum in general education: the perspective of nccu seniorsa study of null curriculum in general education: the perspective of NCCU seniors

杜宜芝, Tu, Yi Chih, Unknown Date (has links)
通識教育為高等教育改革的要點之一,然而近年來通識革新較傾向於制度與教學評鑑上的關注,對於課程實質內容的深入探析與整體研究相對不足,另一方面教育理念雖常呼籲學生聲音,然在大學中聆聽學生觀點的機會仍屈指可數。是以本研究企圖透過「重要但缺乏」的觀點來關注課程,二來期望前述探究能透過學生觀點來檢視。首先,為建立資料分析的參照,本研究分析國內外14所大學(含政大)通識課程的目標、結構與科目。繼而,進一步透過問卷調查754位政大四年級學生,有效樣本716位(抽樣誤差於正負3.14%之間),來探究學生對通識的定義及其認為通識課程「重要但缺乏」的內容,研究發現如下: 一、在學生對通識的定義方面:(1)全體大四生的通識定義近八成為主修專業之外、各領域入門、基礎常識、社會生活應備、思考與學習方法與人格情意陶冶;(2)從學院來看,各學院通識定義高度相似,惟教育學院通識定義歧異度略低;(3)從性別來看,除了男女前五大通識定義高度相似,整體而言男生較有整體與掌控之意涵,而女生較有個人、實用、思考與順應之意涵。 二、在學生認為通識「重要但缺乏」的內容方面:(1)大多數全體大四生所列舉的內容多屬實作實務性質(如:烹飪、設計),另還包括具生活基本能力性質、生活品味性質以及認識非主流的弱勢性質之內容;(2)從學院來看,各學院多以烹飪、人際社交、實作實務為重要但缺乏的內容;(3)從性別來看,除了男女前三大列舉內容高度相似之外,整體而言男生較有規範、傳承與責任之意象(如:道德倫理),而女生較有個人、美感與情感之意象(如:美妝儀態)。最後,本研究對政大通識課程、通識課程研究方法及建立長期研究基礎提出建議與討論。 / General education (GE) has been of great significance in the higher education reformations. However, in recent years GE reformations had inclined to focus on its institutionalization and instructional evaluation rather than its curriculum content. Besides, even the student-centered concept has been constantly promoted in education, there were still rare chances for students to voice in university. Under such circumstances, this study is aimed to examine the GE curriculum especially through the perspective of the null curriculum and the students. To provide a reference before exploring the null curriculum, the study first went through the documentary analysis of the aim, structure and course in 14 universities’ GE curriculum throughout Taiwan and the United States. The study further conducted a survey on the NCCU seniors’ viewpoints on the GE definition and what is important but missing in GE curriculum, 716 among 754 questionnaires were valid (the sampling error is approximately 3.14%). The results indicate that in the viewpoint of NCCU seniors: 1. The definition of general education: (1) for the majority of seniors, it tends to be outside the discipline, the introduction of each discipline, basic common sense, the social life-oriented, the thinking and learning methods as well as the personality cultivation. (2) from the college-level term, each college shares a high degree of similarity, in which the college of education tends to be in less diverse. (3) from the gender-level term, besides the male and female students share a high similarity in the top 5 definitions, more male students show the overall sense of the wholeness and the control, while female students show the overall sense of more personal, being practical, thinking and the will to adapt others. 2. The “important but missed” content in general education: (1) for the majority of seniors, it tends to be the chance of performing and experiencing in person (ex: cooking, design), the basic surviving skills, the life taste enhancement as well as the understanding of the minorities within the non-mainstream. (2) from the college-level term, every college show high percentage in the courses regarding cooking, social interations and the implementation of practice. (3) from the gender-level term, besides the male and females students share a high similarity in the top 3 courses, more male students show the overall sense of standard, inheritance regarding the seniority and responsibility (ex: morality and ethic), on the other hand, more female students show the overall sense of more personal space, aesthetics and emotion (ex: appearance care). According to the results, the study implies some discussions and suggestions for the GE curriculum in NCCU, the methodology of GE curriculum researches, and the basis for long-term researches.
184

The dynamic topology of the solar corona : mapping the Sun's three dimensional magnetic skeleton

Williams, Benjamin Matthew January 2018 (has links)
Observations of the surface of the Sun reveal multi-scaled, mixed magnetic features that carpet the entire solar surface. Not surprisingly, the global magnetic fields extrapolated from these observations are highly complex. This thesis explores the topology of the Sun's global coronal magnetic fields. The magnetic skeleton of a magnetic field provides us with a way of examining the magnetic field and quantifying its complexity. Using specialised codes to find the magnetic skeletons which were written during the course of this work, we first examine potential field extrapolations of the global solar coronal magnetic field determined from observed synoptic magnetograms from the Heliospheric Magnetic Imager on the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The resolution of the PFSS models is found to be very important for discovering the true nature of the global magnetic skeleton. By increasing the maximum number of harmonics used in the potential field extrapolations and, therefore, the grid resolution, 60 times more null points may be found in the coronal magnetic field. These high resolution fields also have a large global separator network which connects the coronal magnetic field over large distances and involves between 40 % and 60 % of all the null points in the solar atmosphere. This global separator network exists at both solar minimum and solar maximum and has separators that reach high into the solar atmosphere (> 1R☉) even though they connect null points close to the solar surface. These potential field extrapolations are then compared with magnetohydrostatic (MHS) extrapolations of the coronal magnetic field which also provide us with information about the plasma in the corona. With a small component of electric current density in the direction perpendicular to the radial direction, these MHS fields are found to have a plasma beta and pressure typical of the corona. As this small component of electric current density grows, the heliospheric current sheet is warped significantly and the magnetic field, plasma beta and pressure become unphysical. Torsional spine reconnection is also studied local to a single null point. First using a dynamical relaxation of a spiral null point under non-resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) to a MHS equilibrium is form in which a current layer has built up around the spine lines. Then the reconnection under resistive MHD in this current sheet is studied. The current about the spine lines is dissipated and the magnetic energy is mainly converted into heat directly as the field lines untwist about the spine line.
185

Rôle de la protéine Alix dans le système nerveux central : De la neurogenèse à la plasticité synaptique / Function of Alix in central nervous system : From neurogenesis to synaptic plasticity

Laporte, Marine 13 November 2015 (has links)
Alix (ALG-2 Interacting Protein X) est une protéine cytoplasmique impliquée dans divers processus cellulaires allant de l'apoptose à la cytocinèse en passant par le bourgeonnement des virus, la réparation membranaire et la régulation de la voie endosomale. Toutes ces fonctions sont étroitement associées à l'interaction d'Alix avec ses partenaires impliqués dans la déformation des membranes telles que les endophilines A, Tsg-101 et CHMP4B du complexe ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport). Le but de ce projet est de caractériser le phénotype de la souris Alix ko récemment développée au laboratoire, dans l'espoir de mieux comprendre le rôle physiologique d'Alix. Ces souris, viables et fertiles, sont caractérisées par une microcéphalie apparaissant au cours de l'embryogenèse. Ce phénotype est accompagné d'une apoptose massive touchant les progéniteurs neuronaux durant la neurogenèse et d'une altération du développement de l'arborisation dendritique après la naissance. Les souris adultes présentent également des défauts de plasticité synaptique accompagnés d'une altération du recyclage des vésicules synaptiques. L'ensemble de ces processus repose sur la capacité d'Alix à contrôler le remodelage de la membrane plasmique. Au niveau moléculaire, nos travaux sur les neurones en cultures et sur les fibroblastes montrent une régulation de l'endocytose indépendante de la clathrine (CIE) par Alix et les endophilines A qui pourrait être à l'origine du phénotype neuronal de la souris. Cependant, l'association d'Alix avec CHMP4B du complexe ESCRT pourrait également être nécessaire au développement du système nerveux puisque l'interaction Alix-CHMP4B est nécessaire pour le contrôle de la CIE et de la mort neuronale.L'ensemble de ces résultats mets en évidence qu'à travers des mécanismes et des partenaires bien caractérisés, Alix est requise pour de nouvelles fonctions nécessaires au développement et au fonctionnement du système nerveux. / Alix (ALG-2 Interacting Protein X) is a cytoplasmic protein implicated in multiple processes including apoptosis, endosome function, membrane repair, viral budding and cytokinesis. Most of these involve modifications of plasma or endosomal membrane organization. Consistent with this, Alix is known to interact with diverse proteins modulating membrane deformation, such as endophilins or Tsg-101 and CHMP4B of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT). By studying the phenotype of Alix ko mice that we recently developed, we aim to better understand the precise role of Alix in vivo. These mice are viable and fertile but develop microcephaly even at embryonic stages. This microcephaly is associated with an increase of apoptosis in neural progenitor cells in embryos and a defect in neurite outgrowth at post-natal stages. Later on, these mice also develop defects in synaptic plasticity related to an alteration of synaptic vesicle recycling. All of these processes are tightly dependent on membrane shaping and remodelling. These features of the phenotype can be related to a new function of Alix with endophilin A in the control of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE), as described in Alix ko fibroblasts and cultured neurons. However, these defects might also be related to the well-known Alix partner CHMP4B, since we now know that this interaction is needed for controlling CIE and neuronal cell death.All together, these results shed light on novel functions of Alix in the developing and adult central nervous system, all relying on well-known molecular mechanisms and partners.
186

O objeto nulo no português rural baiano : teoria temática e elipse de DP.

Silva, Maria Cristina Vieira de Figueiredo January 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-13T15:37:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Silva.pdf: 1156021 bytes, checksum: 7ed5e595a7a4c0b20759f5a77940ee1b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva(sivalda@ufba.br) on 2013-06-04T17:25:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Silva.pdf: 1156021 bytes, checksum: 7ed5e595a7a4c0b20759f5a77940ee1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-04T17:25:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Silva.pdf: 1156021 bytes, checksum: 7ed5e595a7a4c0b20759f5a77940ee1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Esta tese trata da não realização do objeto direto correferencial, um fenômeno denominado objeto nulo (ON), no português rural baiano (PBR), a partir do quadro teórico da gramática gerativa. Secundariamente, analisa-se o uso do pronome ELE, levando em conta a alternância desse pronome com o ON. São investigados os contextos em que uma e outra estratégia são requeridas e os fatores que as condicionam. Tem-se considerado o traço de animacidade do DP antecedente o fator mais relevante na escolha dessas estratégias: quando o traço do antecedente é [-animado], o ON é licenciado; quando o traço é [+animado], o objeto direto é realizado (cf.Bianchi e Figueiredo Silva, 1994; Cyrino, 1997; Kato, 1993; entre outros). Contudo, neste trabalho, procura-se desmistificar a relevância desse traço, visto que não tem representação na estrutura da sentença do português brasileiro (PB). Os resultados da análise quantitativa dos dados apontaram que o ON não é licenciado quando o DP antecedente se encontra na posição de sujeito básico, de objeto indireto, de complemento nominal, de adjunto adnominal e adverbial; mas apenas nas posições internas ao verbo e com papéis temáticos semelhantes, tema/paciente: objeto direto, complemento oblíquo e sujeito derivado; bem como de tópico, tema do discurso. Esses resultados revelam que DP antecedente e ON devem manter uma relação de identidade: serem gerados na posição interna ao verbo e compartilharem o mesmo papel temático, o que é compatível com os requerimentos das operações de elipse. Assim, assume-se, neste trabalho, que o ON é uma elipse de DP (cf. Cyrino, 1997), cuja recuperação se dá através de identidade estrutural e temática, descartando a possibilidade de ser interpretada como pro ou variável. A retomada de um DP nas posições em que o ON é bloqueado ocorre através do pronome ELE ou da repetição do DP. Contudo, o ELE está disponível também nos demais contextos em que o ON é licenciado, inclusive para retomar DPs com traço [-animado]. Foram investigados, também, dados do português rural europeu (PER) e comparados com os do PBR e o resultado dessa comparação revelou comportamento semelhante entre essas duas variedades linguísticas, embora a ocorrência de ON em ilhas seja restrita às adverbiais no PER. O estatuto de elipse, assumido nesta tese, dá conta dos dados do PBR e do PER. / Salvador
187

Controlabilidade de algumas EDPs não lineares, e, densidade e espectro de subvariedades mínimas em espaço forma. / Controllability of some nonlinear PDEs and density and spectrum of minimal submanifolds in space forms

Vieira, Franciane de Brito 24 May 2017 (has links)
VIEIRA, F. B. Controlabilidade de algumas EDPs não lineares, e, densidade e espectro de subvariedades mínimas em espaço forma. 2017. 89 f. Tese (Doutorado em Matemática) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Andrea Dantas (pgmat@mat.ufc.br) on 2017-04-19T13:15:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_fbvieira.pdf: 681898 bytes, checksum: d123b89ff8ddaa52a643807b847421b5 (MD5) / Rejected by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br), reason: Para o aluno. Alterar a data e incluir a conclusão, tanto no sumário como no final do texto. Conclusão é capítulo portanto numerado. Rocilda on 2017-04-19T14:54:37Z (GMT) / Submitted by Andrea Dantas (pgmat@mat.ufc.br) on 2017-04-19T16:23:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_fbvieira.pdf: 683722 bytes, checksum: 8e8575ca8d8e8496b31047d5bc8c68c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2017-04-24T11:15:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_fbvieira.pdf: 683722 bytes, checksum: 8e8575ca8d8e8496b31047d5bc8c68c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T11:15:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_fbvieira.pdf: 683722 bytes, checksum: 8e8575ca8d8e8496b31047d5bc8c68c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-24 / In the first part of this thesis we deal with the 3D Navier-Stokes and Boussinesq systems in a cube. We prove some results concerning the global approximate controllability by means of boundary controls which act in some part of the boundary. They are generalizations and variants of some previous results by Guerrero, Imanuvilov and Puel. Still in the first part of this Thesis, we prove the internal and boundary local null controllability of a 1D parabolic PDE with nonlinear diffusion. Here, the main tools are Liusternik’s inverse function Theorem and appropriate Carleman estimates. In the second part of this Thesis, we consider M m minimal properly immersed submanifolds in a complete ambient space N n suitably close to a space form N n k of curvature −k ≤ 0. We are interested in the relation between the density function Θ(r) of M m and the spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. In particular, we prove that if Θ(r) has subexponential growth (when k < 0) or sub-polynomial growth (k = 0) along a sequence, then the spectrum of M m is the same as that of the space form N m k . Notably, the result applies to Anderson’s (smooth) solutions of Plateau’s roblem at infinity on the hyperbolic space H n , independently of their boundary regularity. We also give a simple condition on the second fundamental form that ensures M to have finite density. In particular, we show that minimal submanifolds of H n with finite total curvature have finite density. / Na primeira parte desta tese tratamos dos sistemas 3D de Navier-Stokes e Boussinesq em um cubo. Nós provamos alguns resultados sobre a controlabilidade aproximada global por meio de controles de bordo que agem em uma parte da fronteira. Estes reultados são generalizações e variações de alguns resultados anteriores de Guerrero, Imanuvilov e Puel. Ainda na primeira parte da tese, nós provamos a controlabilidade nula local interna e de bordo de uma EDP parabólica 1D com difusão não linear. Aqui, as ferramentas principais são o teorema da função inversa de Liusternik e desigualdades de Carleman adequadas. Na segunda parte desta tese, consideramos M m subvariedades mínimas propriamente imersas em um espaço ambiente completo N n adequadamente próximo a um espaço forma N n k de curvatura −k ≤ 0. Estamos interessados na relação entre a função densidade Θ(r) de M m e o espectro do operador Laplace-Beltrami. Em particular, provamos que se Θ(r) temum crescimento subexponencial (quando k < 0) ou bubpolinomial (k = 0) ao longo de uma sequência, então o espectro de M m é o mesmo do espaço forma N m k . Notavelmente, o resultado se aplica a soluções Anderson (suaves) do problema de Plateau no infinito sobre o espaço hiperbólico H n , independentemente da regularidade dos seus bordos. Nós também fornecemos uma condição simples sobre a segunda forma fundamental que garante que M tem densidade finita. Em particular, mostramos que subvariedades mínimas de H n com curvatura total finita te densidade finita.
188

A natureza de AGR e suas implicações na ordem VS: um estudo comparativo entre o português brasileiro e o português europeu

Silva, Cláudia Roberta Tavares 15 December 2004 (has links)
In this thesis I do a comparative study between the Brazilian Portuguese Grammar (henceforth BP) and European Portuguese Grammar (henceforth EP) concerning to the word order, more specifically, with respect to the subject order in relation to the verb in finite declarative phrases. One defends that Verb-Subject order (VS) has been lost in the first language in (in)transitive contexts due a parametric change in the marking of Null Subject Parameter caused by weakness of AGR, what implies to consider that BP is losing the characterization of a prototypical null subject language as the EP for become a non-prodrop subject language as English. In this order, in inaccusative contexts, the visible morphologically agreement between a verbal inflection and the post-verbal DP is generally not observed and this DP can also be definite or indefinite, unlike what is proposed by Belletti s approach. Futhermore, researches have assumed that the subject position with respect to the verb comes from the fact of the syntax be conditioned by discoursive constraints. Therefore, with respect to these aspects, the goals of this research are: a) to develop an analysis about VS order in both grammars, considering the implications of the AGR richness for the position of the subjects ; b) to characterize this richness from the rediscussion of some theoretical proposals; c) to show counter-evidences to the proposal of that the word order codifies the informational structure; d) to explain the possibility of the non-visible morphologically agreement between the post-verbal DP and the verbal inflection in inaccusative contexts and its implications for the type of mechanism concerned to the nominative Case assignment and e) to argue against the universality of the Definiteness Efect on the post-verbal DP. To develope this study, the analysis bases itself on Pricinciples and Parameters, and the Distributed Morphology frameworks. The sentence structures are results from introspection data. During this research, it was possible to conclude that rich AGR that licences and identifies referential null subjects in null subject languages has no correlation with rich AGR that causes the verb movement in the syntax, and that preverbal subjects occupy an A-position in BP and in EP, unlike what is generally proposed. Futhermore, the different behaviour of VS order observed among these languages receives explanatory support from the type of syntactic output generated by each grammar in particular but not from discoursive constraints. With respect to the order in which there is no visibility of morphological agreement between the verbalinflection and the post-verbal DP in inaccusative contexts, I argue that it is a pseudo- VS order, in which Definiteness Efect does not act on. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nesta tese realizo um estudo comparativo entre a gramática do português brasileiro (doravante PB) e a do português europeu (doravante PE) no que diz respeito à ordem dos constituintes, mais especificamente, do sujeito em relação ao verbo em frases declarativas finitas. Tem-se defendido que a ordem Verbo-Sujeito (VS) tem sido perdida na primeira língua em contextos (in)transitivos em virtude de uma mudança paramétrica na marcação do Parâmetro do Sujeito Nulo ocasionada pelo enfraquecimento de AGR, o que implica considerar que o PB está deixando de ser uma língua de sujeito nulo prototípica como o PE para tornar-se uma língua de sujeito não-nulo como o inglês. Nessa ordem, em contextos inacusativos, a concordância morfologicamente visível entre a flexão verbal e o DP pós-verbal, em geral, não é observada e, ainda, esse DP pode ser definido ou indefinido, ao contrário do que é proposto pela análise belletiana. Ademais, estudos têm assumido que a posição do sujeito em relação ao verbo decorre do fato de a sintaxe estar a serviço de requerimentos de ordem discursiva. Portanto, face a esses aspectos, os objetivos desta pesquisa são: a) desenvolver uma análise sobre a ordem VS em ambas as gramáticas, levando em conta as implicações da riqueza de AGR para a posição dos sujeitos; b) caracterizar essa riqueza , a partir da rediscussão de algumas propostas teóricas; c) apresentar contra-evidências à proposta de que a ordem dos constituintes codifica a estrutura informacional; d) explicar a possibilidade de concordância morfologicamente não-vísível entre o DP pós-verbal e a flexão verbal em contextos inacusativos e suas implicações para o tipo de mecanismo relacionado à atribuição de Caso nominativo e e) argumentar contra a universalidade do Efeito de Definitude sobre o DP pós-verbal. Para a realização desse estudo, a análise fundamenta-se no arcabouço teórico do Modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros e da Morfologia Distribuída, sendo as estruturas frasais resultados de dados de introspecção. No decorrer desta pesquisa, é plausível concluir que AGR rico que licencia e idendifica sujeitos nulos referenciais em línguas de sujeito nulo não tem a ver com AGR rico que motiva o movimento do verbo na sintaxe, e que sujeitos pré-verbais ocupam uma posição-A no PB e no PE, ao contrário do que é comumente proposto na literatura. De mais a mais, o comportamento diferenciado da ordem VS atestado entre essas línguas ganha suporte explicativo no tipo de output sintático gerado por cada gramática em particular e não em requerimentos de ordem discursiva. No que concerne à ordem em que não há visibilidade da concordância morfológica entre a flexão-verbal e o DP pós-verbal em contextos inacusativos, argumento que seja uma pseudo-ordem VS , não sendo atuante sobre esse DP o Efeito de Definitude.
189

A expressão do objeto direto anafórico na aquisição bilíngue simultânea de português brasileiro e inglês: uma investigação sobre o parâmetro do objeto nulo / The expression of anaphoric direct object in bilingual first language acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese and English: an investigation on the null object parameter

Ana Paula da Silva Passos Jakubów 28 March 2014 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente investigação se volta para a expressão de objeto direto anafórico (ODA) na produção de dados espontâneos de aquisição bilíngue simultânea (BFLA Bilingual First Language Acquisition) de Português Brasileiro (PB) e de inglês. A literatura em BFLA tem assumido que as duas línguas são adquiridas de maneira independente (DE HOUWER, 1990, 2005; PARADIS; GENESEE, 1996), porém indica que pode haver momentos de interação entre os dois sistemas linguísticos, resultando em transferência entre propriedades paramétricas das línguas (HULK; MÜLLER, 2000; MÜLLER; HULK, 2001; PÉREZ-LEROUX, et al 2009 ; STRIK; PÉREZ-LEROUX, 2011; SORACE, 2011). Essa investigação é conduzida com base na teoria de Princípios & Parâmetros (CHOMSKY, 1981) do Gerativismo, reformulada com o Programa Minimalista (CHOMSKY, 1995). PB e inglês se diferenciam em relação à marcação paramétrica para ODA: o PB admite objeto nulo anafórico (ON) e o inglês não. A hipótese de trabalho adotada é de que haverá transferência do PB para o inglês. Dois tipos de categorias nulas são observados: objetos nulos dêitico (Odeit) e anafórico (ON). Assume-se que a manifestação do primeiro tipo indica um estágio default universal, que constituiria uma estratégia facilitadora (RIZZI, 2005). A possibilidade de uso de ONs agramaticais no inglês é concebida como resultado da presença de dados ambíguos, que reforçariam essa possibilidade equivocadamente no inglês, em consonância com o defendido em Hulk & Müller (2000) e Müller & Hulk (2001). Assume-se, ademais, que as restrições semânticas que regem a distribuição das formas possíveis para ODA no PB (CYRINO, 2006; LOPES, 2009) só poderiam ser detectadas em uma faixa etária mais alta. São analisados dados espontâneos de três bilíngues simultâneos (N, L e A) em interação com seus pais. N foi acompanhado dos 2;1,18 aos 3;8,24 anos de idade, enquanto L foi acompanhada dos 2;5,30 aos 3;1,1 anos e A foi acompanhado dos 3;2,6 aos 3;8,26 anos. As manifestações de ODA foram identificadas e classificadas em DP, pronome, ON e ODeit. Comparando os bilíngues, constatou-se que cada criança parece estar em um momento de aquisição: N apresenta instâncias de ODeit em contextos imperativos e pronomes aparecem apenas no inglês aos 2;5,2 anos. L tem preferência por DPs nas duas línguas e usa pronomes apenas na língua inglesa. Aos 2;6,22 anos, surgem instâncias de ON com mais frequência no PB, mas também no inglês. A criança A apresenta todos os tipos de preenchimento de ODA e ONs aparecem nas duas línguas. Os dados indicam que ONs agramaticais estão presentes no inglês, sugerindo que há transferência do PB para o inglês / This research focuses on the expression of the anaphoric direct object (ADO) in Bilingual First Language Acquisition (BFLA) of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and English. It has been assumed in the BFLA literature that the two languages are acquired independently in BFLA context (DE HOUWER, 1990, 2005; PARADIS; GENESEE, 1996). However studies also indicate that there may be moments in the course of the bilingual acquisition in which both languages interact resulting in parameter transfering (HULK; MÜLLER, 2000; MÜLLER; HULK, 2001; PÉREZ-LEROUX, et al 2009 ; STRIK; PÉREZ-LEROUX, 2011; SORACE, 2011). The framework adopted is the Generative Theory, particularly, the Principle & Parameter Theory (CHOMSKY, 1981) reformulated within the Minimalist Program (CHOMSKY, 1995). BP and English set different parameters for ADO: BP allows for null objects whereas English does not. The hypothesis is that there will be transfer from BP to English. Two types of null categories are observed: deictic object (Odeit) and anaphoric object (NO). We assume that the expression of the first type of null category indicates a universal default stage which would configurate a facilitation strategy (RIZZI, 2005). The possibility of use of ungrammatical NOs in English is conceived as a result of ambiguous data, which wrongly reinforce the possibility of NOs in English, in accordance with Hulk & Müller (2000) and Müller & Hulk (2001). We claim that the semantic restrictions which govern the expression of ADO in BP (CYRINO, 2006; LOPES, 2009) could only be detected with older bilinguals. The spontaneous data of three simultaneous bilinguals (N,L and A) in interaction with their parents are analyzed. N was observed from 2;1,18 to 3;8,24 years old, L was observed from 2;5,30 to 3;1,1 years old and A,from 3;2,6 to 3;8,26 anos. The forms used for the expression of ADO were identified and classified into DP, pronoun, NO and ODeit. Comparing the three bilinguals, we verified that each child seems to be in a particular moment of acquisition: N presents instances of Odeit in imperative contexts and pronouns appear only in English at 2;5,2. L shows preference for DPs in both languages and pronouns pop up only in English. At 2;6,22 years old, instances of NO appear in BP, but also in English. The bilingual A presents all types of expression of ADO and NOs appear in both languages. The data indicates that ungrammatical NOs are present in English suggesting transfer from BP to English
190

Preenchimento do sujeito pronominal na fala da comunidade de João Pessoa

Nunes, Vanilda Ferreira Lopes 24 August 2000 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 389444 bytes, checksum: 2481082396453bfe2ed330f791808531 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-08-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work is a study of the full and null realizations of the anaforic subject in the language spoken in the community of João Pessoa, through quantitative methods based on the variationist theory. The main objective of this work is to describe such aspect of the Portuguese language spoken in Brazil, observing the role of linguistic and extralinguistic features within the variation process. Through the analyses of collected data, the research tried to identify the contexts that privileged or not the studied variation. It was observed that full pronominal subject was found in 2.943 analysed data, among the people chosen by IVARB programme, in the studied linguistic and extralinguistic groups, emphasizing the results of Duarte (1992) s which was used as a comparative model for the analyses presented in this research. / Este trabalho é um estudo do apagamento versus preenchimento do sujeito na fala da comunidade de João Pessoa, sob a perspectiva do modelo de análise variacionista. Fundamentado nos estudos labovianos, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever esse aspecto do português do Brasil, observando o papel dos fatores linguísticos e extralinguísticos intervenientes no processo de variação. O corpus usado é a fala da comunidade de João Pessoa PB. A partir da análise dos dados, procurou-se seguir um caminho que possibilitasse identificar os contextos que mais favoreceriam ou não a variante em estudo. Verificou-se então, ao final, que, em 2.943 dados analisados, ocorreu favorecimento ao preenchimento do sujeito em relação aos seguintes grupos linguísticos e extralinguísticos, selecionados pelo programa IVARB: pessoa do discurso, tempo verbal, tipo sintático da oração e faixa etária, demonstrando, assim, o predomínio, na fala do sujeito, do preenchimento do sujeito pronominal, o que vem ratificar os resultados apresentados no trabalho feito por Duarte (1992),o qual serviu de instrumento para o estudo comparativo feito nesta análise.

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