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This thesis is on ordered pairs of cardinal numbers.

This report explores the effect of interactive visualizations on the advancement of mathematics understanding. Not only do interactive visualizations aid mathematicians to expand the body of knowledge of mathematics but it also allows students an efficient way to process the information taught in schools. There are many concepts in mathematics that utilize interactive visualizations and examples of such concepts are illustrated within this report. / text

This thesis contains four papers, where the first two are in the area of geometry of numbers, the third is about class group statistics and the fourth is about free path lengths. A general theme throughout the thesis is lattice points and convex bodies. In Paper A we give an asymptotic expression for the number of integer matrices with primitive row vectors and a given nonzero determinant, such that the Euclidean matrix norm is less than a given large number. We also investigate the density of matrices with primitive rows in the space of matrices with a given determinant, and determine its asymptotics for large determinants. In Paper B we prove a sharp bound for the remainder term of the number of lattice points inside a ball, when averaging over a compact set of (not necessarily unimodular) lattices, in dimensions two and three. We also prove that such a bound cannot hold if one averages over the space of all lattices. In Paper C, we give a conjectural asymptotic formula for the number of imaginary quadratic fields with class number h, for any odd h, and a conjectural asymptotic formula for the number of imaginary quadratic fields with class group isomorphic to G, for any finite abelian p-group G where p is an odd prime. In support of our conjectures we have computed these quantities, assuming the generalized Riemann hypothesis and with the aid of a supercomputer, for all odd h up to a million and all abelian p-groups of order up to a million, thus producing a large list of “missing class groups.” The numerical evidence matches quite well with our conjectures. In Paper D, we consider the distribution of free path lengths, or the distance between consecutive bounces of random particles in a rectangular box. If each particle travels a distance R, then, as R → ∞ the free path lengths coincides with the distribution of the length of the intersection of a random line with the box (for a natural ensemble of random lines) and we determine the mean value of the path lengths. Moreover, we give an explicit formula for the probability density function in dimension two and three. In dimension two we also consider a closely related model where each particle is allowed to bounce N times, as N → ∞, and give an explicit formula for its probability density function. / <p>QC 20151204</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to study the equivalence relation between sets A and B: A o B if and only if there exists a one to one function f from A onto B. In Chapter I, some of the fundamental properties of the equivalence relation are derived. Certain basic results on countable and uncountable sets are given. In Chapter II, a number of theorems on equivalent sets are proved and Dedekind's definitions of finite and infinite are compared with the ordinary concepts of finite and infinite. The Bernstein Theorem is studied and three different proofs of it are given. In Chapter III, the concept of cardinal number is introduced by means of two axioms of A. Tarski, and some fundamental theorems on cardinal arithmetic are proved.

In this thesis we are investigating identities regarding Fibonacci sequences. In particular we are examiningthe so called Pisano period, which is the period for the Fibonacci sequence considered modulo n to repeatitself. The theory shows that it suces to compute Pisano periods for primes. We are also looking atthe same problems for the generalized Pisano period, which can be described as the Pisano period forthe generalized Fibonacci sequence.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Additional advisors: Ian Knowles, Kevin D. Reilly, Peter Slarter, Wei-Shen Hsia. Description based on contents viewed June 10, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-25T14:11:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 21722062 bytes, checksum: bb67c86f0d2ae8a89632226cb61b3636 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-25T14:11:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 21722062 bytes, checksum: bb67c86f0d2ae8a89632226cb61b3636 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work is a study of Teodoro spiral, for the geometric aspects of the curve. At rst, the construction of Teodoro spiral in two and three dimensions is made. And through the softwares, GeoGebra and wxMaxima were developed respectively, the geometric constructions and the necessary calculations. With the possession of the spiral of concatenation, observe the pattern of behavior of growth and position, the collared peccary in the n - th triangle. Going through measurements of Teodoro spiral with other spirals such as the Archimedean, we come to denote behavior patterns in expanding spiral. The following is an arithmetic study on the spiral obtained by the length of the branches of the same, both perfect and imperfect hits with square also spaced apart relationship between them allows us to observe numbers as the . The distribution of prime numbers is seen as the nal part of this study, where you see speculatively allowing the formation of new curves on the spiral, as parabolas. / O presente trabalho faz um estudo da espiral de Teodoro, no tocante aos aspectos geométricos da curva. De início, é feita a construção da espiral de Teodoro em duas e três dimensões. E por meio dos softwares, GeoGebra e wxMaxima, foram desenvolvidas respectivamente, as construções geométricas e os cálculos necessários. Com a posse da concatenação da espiral, observa-se o comportamento do padrão de crescimento e posição, do cateto no enésimo triângulo. Passando por aferições da espiral de Teodoro com outras espirais, como por exemplo a arquimediana, chega-se a denotar padrões de comportamento na expansão da espiral. A seguir, é mostrado um estudo aritmético na espiral, obtido através do comprimento dos ramos da mesma, que tanto atinge quadrados perfeitos e imperfeitos como também a relação de afastamento entre eles nos permite observar números como o . A distribuição dos números primos é vista como parte fi nal desse estudo, onde se vê de forma especulativa, possibilitando a formação de novas curvas sobre a espiral, como parábolas.