Svåra samtal på arbetsplatsen handlar ofta om disciplinära och omvårdande samtal. Dessa hålls mellan chef och medarbetare men stöttas oftast av en HR-praktiker för att leda samtalet. HR-praktikens roll i samtalet kan handla om att strukturera samtalet, stötta chefen och hantera motreaktioner från den berörda medarbetaren. Denna studie syftar till att besvara hur HR-praktiker hanterar och utvecklar sin kompetens att hålla svåra samtal med särskilt fokus på disciplinära och omvårdande samtal på arbetsplatsen. För att undersöka studiens syfte och frågeställningar har en kvalitativ undersökning gjorts där sju personer inom HR-professionen intervjuats. Vidare har det empiriska materialet analyserats med utgångspunkt från studiens frågeställningar. Detta har gjorts i koppling till Argyris single och double loop- lärande (1991) samt Kolb (1984) och Mumfords (1995) teorier om erfarenhetsbaserat lärande. Resultatet visar att HR-praktiker upplever dessa samtal tuffa men att nivån kan öka utan vissa förutsättningar och samtalsverktyg samt att erfarenheten gör det lättare för samtalsledaren att genomföra dem. Det visar även hur hanteringen av det svåra samtalet kan sammankopplas med ett double loop-lärandet samt hur reflektioner från mindre lyckade samtal bidragit till det erfarenhetsbaserade lärandet. HR-praktikerna har därmed hittat olika verktyg för att lättare hantera de utmaningar som de ställs inför i det svåra samtalet. / Difficult conversations in the workplace are often about disciplinary or nurturing conversations. These are held between manager and employee but are usually supported by an HR practitioner to lead the conversation. The HR practitioner's role in the conversation may involve structuring the conversation, supporting the manager and handling backlash from the concerned employee. The conversations are often described as tough, but that experience makes it easier for the person leading the conversation to carry them out. This study aims to answer how HR practitioners manage and develop their skills to hold difficult conversations with a particular focus on disciplinary and nursing conversations in the workplace. In order to investigate the purpose and questions of the study, a qualitative survey was conducted in which seven people within the HR profession were interviewed. Furthermore, the empirical material has been analyzed based on the study's questions. This has been done in connection with Argyris' single and double loop learning (1991) and Kolb's (1984) and Mumford's (1995) theories of experience-based learning. The result shows that the experience and handling of the difficult conversation can be connected with a double loop learning and how reflections from less successful conversations contributed to the experience-based learning. The HR practitioners have thus found different tools to more easily handle the challenges they face in the difficult conversation.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:32:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 77039.pdf: 1325268 bytes, checksum: 1584a05292e9b147c701e78faa29be98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research describes the introduction of a clean based company-nurturing knowledgebased enterprise within regional companies and the aim is to foster to implemententrepreneur initiatives, to stimulate changes on technological, economical and socialenvironmental paradigm, as well as to stimulate organization management changes focused on the Local Productive Arrangement LPA at the North Plateau of Santa Catarina State.Successful case studies are highlighted from the literature consolidated in the Santa Catarina State, in Brazil, as well as Internationally. These studies help understand the differences of scenarios towards the regional reality. For this end, visits, preliminary and awareness meetings were carried out with the entrepreneur and academic community aiming to answer expectations gathered from a market research report. The implementation of this company-nurturing enterprise differs from others because: (i) it is scientifically based; (ii) it supports clean base companies and technologies; (iii) it has a alternating management counsel, and; (iv) the implementation had happened in the fastest period of time (i.e. oneyear). During this period of time three companies were nurtured with regional focus, which signal for possible changes in the technological and social-economical regional paradigm.Thus, challenges in the implementation of clean based company-nurturing knowledge-basedenterprise are shown, allowing its goals to be effectively achieved by the proposed model.These results fill up a significant gap in the literature concerning implementation models for clean based company-nurturing knowledge-based enterprise / Esta pesquisa descreve a implantação de uma incubadora de conhecimentos de base limpa de abrangência regional e objetiva contribuir para implementar iniciativas empreendedoras, potencializar demandas por mudanças de paradigma tecnológico, econômico, sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental e de gestão das organizações, foco no Arranjo Produtivo Local - APL do planalto norte do Estado de Santa Catarina. Destacam-se casos de sucesso na literatura internacional e consolidados no Brasil, como no Estado de Santa Catarina, a partir dos quais busca-se compreender as diferenças em relação à realidade regional. Nesse sentido, realizaram-se visitas, reuniões preparatórias e de sensibilização com a comunidade empresarial e acadêmica, visando atender aos anseios expressos em relatório de pesquisa de opinião. A implantação dessa incubadora de conhecimentos de base limpa, diferencia-se das demais, por estar pautada numa base cientifica; apoiar empreendimentos e tecnologias de base limpa; ter um conselho gestor rotativo; a implantação ter acontecido no menor prazo conhecido - um ano - período no qual três empresas foram incubadas e porque o foco de abrangência é regional, o que visualiza a possibilidade de mudar o paradigma tecnológico e sócio-econômico regional. Assim sendo, expõe-se desafios na implantação de uma Incubadora de conhecimentos de base limpa, permitindo que seus objetivos sejam efetivamente atingidos pelo modelo proposto. O resultado do estudo supre de forma significativa uma lacuna bibliográfica no que tange a modelos de implantação de Incubadoras de conhecimentos de base limpa.

There are very few extensive sample studies that target normative versus pathological sexual behavioural problems. Debate exists around the role of attachment when treating children who come from chaotic backgrounds. Children from these backgrounds may lack the stability and predictability that they need in order to develop the appropriate skills to regulate their affects, understand and maintain healthy and safe relationships, and develop a strong sense of self and good behavioural control mechanisms. Because of a lack of knowledge regarding sexualised behaviour, social workers working with children in middle childhood may find it difficult to distinguish between appropriate and less appropriate sexualised behaviour in children in their middle childhood. It may happen that appropriate sexualised behaviour in children is labelled as problematic, while the function of the behaviour may in fact be defined as an act of self-nurturing. The researcher has since asked the question about the link between sexualised behaviour and self-nurturing amongst children in children’s homes. The relationship between these two variables can have a significant effect on the way professionals view children who display sexualised behaviour in institutions where there is a lack of affection and significant attachment to adult figures. Children in middle childhood who display sexualised behaviour have specific needs that role players, specifically social workers, have to keep in mind in order for effective intervention to take place. If discrepancies exist in this area, it could impact negatively on the implementation of services rendered to these children. For the proposed study the collective case study design was the most appropriate design as the researcher collected and analyzed qualitative data by to doing semi-structured interviews. The semi-structured interviews were used to gain a detailed picture of participants’ beliefs or perceptions about, or accounts of the particular topic. Qualitative data was analyzed by means of planning for the recording of the data, managing and organizing the data, reading and writing memos, generating themes, categories and patterns in order to prove or contest a hypothesis. In order to ensure the success of the study, the researcher did a pilot study before the main investigation itself and ethical aspects were adhered to by the researcher throughout the study. Through the empirical study, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between sexualized behaviour and trauma that children experience. However, when sexualized behaviour as a nurturing mechanism becomes obsessive, compulsive and there is no balance, then only can it be viewed as a problem and should be addressed. It is important to remember that ‘sexual play’ should be seen as a normal part of childhood development. There was general consensus that sexualized behaviour could be regarded as a self-nurturing mechanism. Focus was put on the needs of children and how it related to inappropriate sexualized behaviours and self-nurturing as a need in itself. It was recommended that there should be improved service delivery to children, who manifest with sexualized behaviour, training for professionals and lastly continual research on the subject. AFRIKAANS : Daar is weinig grootskaalse ondersoeke gerig op die normatiewe teenoor die patologiese seksuele gedragsprobleme gedoen. Debatte bestaan rondom die rol van bindings wanneer kinders behandel word wat uit chaotiese agtergronde kom, By kinders vanuit hierdie agtergronde mag die stabiliteit en voorspelbaarheid ontbreek wat nodig is om die toepaslike vaardighede van hul gevoelens, die begrip om gesonde en veilige verhoudings te verstaan en die ontwikkeling van ’n sterk gevoel van eiewaarde en goeie gedragskontrolemeganismes te ontwikkel. As gevolg van die gebrek aan kennis rakende seksuele gedrag, kan maatskaplike werkers wat met kinders in hulle middel-kinderjare te doen het, dit moeilik vind om te onderskei tussen toepaslike en mindertoepaslike seksuele gedrag by hierdie kinders. Dit mag gebeur dat toepaslike seksuele gedrag by kinders as problematies bestempel word, terwyl die funksie van die gedrag egter gedefinieer kan word as ‘n daad van selfkoestering. Die verband tussen seksuele gedrag en selfkoestering by kinders in die kinderhuis word daarom deur die navorser bevraagteken. Die verhouding tussen hierdie twee veranderlikes kan ’n betekenisvolle uitwerking hê op die professionele uitkyk op kinders wat seksuele gedrag openbaar in inrigtings waar daar ’n gebrek is aan affektiewe en betekenisvolle gehegtheid teenoor ’n volwasse figuur. Kinders in hul middelkinderjare wat geseksualiseerde gedrag openbaar, het spesifieke behoeftes wat deur die maatskaplike werker in ag geneem moet word ten einde effektiewe ingryping te verseker. Indien daar teenstrydighede op hierdie gebied bestaan, kan dit ‘n negatiewe impak hê op die implementering van die diens wat aan hierdie kinders verleen word. Die kollektiewe gevallestudie was die mees toepaslike ontwerp vir die voorgestelde studie. Die navorser het kwalitatiewe data ingesamel en ontleed deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Die semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gebruik met die doel om ’n gedetailleerde prentjie van die deelnemers se menings oor, persepsies van en verklarings rakende die onderwerp te skets. Kwalitatiewe data is ontleed by wyse van die beplanning van die data-opname, bestuur en organisering van die data-opname, lees en skryf van memos, ontwikkeling van temas, en kategorieë en patrone om die hipotese te bewys of te betwis. Ten einde die sukses van die studie te verseker het die navorser ’n voorafstudie voor die hoofnavorsing gedoen. Die navorser het aan alle etiese vereistes gedurende die navorsing voldoen. Deur die empiriese studie wat gedoen is, kan daar tot die gevogtrekking gekom word dat daar ‘n betekenisvolle verband is tussen die geseksualiseerde gedrag en die trauma wat die kinders beleef het. As geseksualiseerde gedrag, as ’n meganisme tot selfaktualisering, obsessief, kompulsief en ongebalanseerd is, dan kan dit beskou word as ’n probleem en moet dan aangespreek word. Dit is egter ook belangrik dat ‘seksspeletjies’ gesien moet word as normal in kinders se ontwikkeling. Daar was algemene konsensus dat geseksualiseerde gedrag beskou kan word as ’n meganisme tot selfkoestering. Fokus word geplaas op die behoefte van die kind en hoe dit in verhouding staan tot die onvanpaste geseksualiseerde gedrag en selfkoestering as ‘n behoefte. Verbeterde dienslewering vir kinders in wie geseksualiseerde gedrag manifisteer, opleiding vir professionele werkers en laastens voortdurende navorsing rakende die onderwerp, word aanbeveel. Copyright / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

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Bakgrund: Astma är världens vanligaste kroniska sjukdom. Det finns flera olika typer av astma, diagnosen ställs genom en klinisk översikt och huvudsakligen genom spirometri. Sjuksköterskans ansvar handlar om att föra en vårdande kommunikation och minska lindandet för personer med astma. Samt att utföra personscentrerad vård för dessa personer, den personcentrerade vården handlar om att stödja personens autonomi och att värdera personens identitet.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva personers erfarenheter av att leva med astma. Metod: Litteraturöversikt applicerades som metod med sju kvalitativa- och två kvantitativa artiklar samt en mixad metod artikel. Databaserna Cinahl och PubMed tillämpades i sökningen av artiklar. Kvalitetsgranskningen genomfördes med Fribergs granskningsfrågor. Analysen gjordes i fyra steg genom att läsa, granska, söka efter likheter och skillnader samt sammanfatta. Resultat: I resultatet framkom det fyra teman som var aktuella: Det förändrade livet som astmatiker, Upplevelser av förändrad självbild och relationer, Att hantera livet med astma och upplevelser av egenvård och stöd och Förändringar i yrkesliv och privatekonomi. Slutsats: Personers erfarenheter av att leva med astma visar att det sker förändringar i vardagliga livet så som egenvårdsåtgärder, förändrade relationer, yrkesliv och självbild. Bemötandet från sjukvårdspersonal har inverkan på hur personer med astma bedriver egenvård. Sjuksköterskans ansvar att erbjuda personcentrerad vård med stöd och god vård är av stor betydelse för personens delaktighet och fortsatta tilltro till vården. / Background: Asthma is the worlds most common chronic disease with over 260 million people affected. There are several different types of asthma, the diagnosis is made thorugh a clicnial overview and mainly through spirometry. The nurse’s responsibility is to carry out caring communication and reduce suffering for people with asthma. As well as providing person-centred care for these people, the person-centred care is about supporting the person’s autonomy and valuing the person’s identity. Aim: The purpose was to describe peoples experiences of living with asthma. Method: A literature review was applied as a method with seven qualitative and two quantitative articles and one article with mixed-method. The databases Cinahl and PubMed were applied in the search of articles. The quality review was carried out using Friberg’s review questions. The analysis was done in four steps by reading, reviewing, searching for similarities and differences and summarizing. Results: The results revealed four themes that were relevant: The changed life as an asthmatic, Experiences of changed self-image and relationships, Coping with life with asthma and experiences of self-care and support, Changes in professional life and personal finances. Conclusions: People´s experiences of living with asthma show that there are changes in everyday life such as self-care measures, changed relationships, professional life and self-image. how changes occur in life around the implementation of self-care measures, changed private relationships, professional life and self-image. The treatment of healthcare professionals has an impact on how people with asthma engage in self-care. The nurse´s responsibility to offer personcentred care with support and good care is of great importance for the person´s participation and continued trust in the care.

This research was directed at determining the value of Gestalt play therapy for the high school learner with Spina Bifida. By undertaking a literature study regarding the child with Spina Bifida, as well as Gestalt play therapy, it was possible to determine what needs and difficulties these learners experience and how Gestalt play therapy can be implemented to address these needs and difficulties. The researcher concludes that any high school learner experiences a lot of developmental changes, but for the learner with Spina Bifida there are not only the social, personal, physical and emotional changes, but also the fact that because of the disability, more support and help structures are needed. It became evident that, for these learners, Gestalt play therapy is a very effective and useful intervention technique. Learners were guided towards awareness of themselves, as well as their inner strength to face the unfinished business in their lives. / Social work / M. Diac (Play Therapy)

This thesis describes the researcher’s journey as an online facilitator and reflective organization development (OD) practitioner as she explores how to nurture and cultivate space for learning and collaboration in an online community of practice. The research setting is a small group of mostly volunteers in a national health charity. The researcher adopts a reflective practitioner research approach engaging in a continuous process of story-telling throughout the thesis. She struggles with questions such as her own dynamic role as an outside facilitator, the role of technology, dilemmas of emergence versus design and discovery of purpose. Rather than arriving at a to-do-list for potential online facilitators, she discovers that hosting café style conversations, setting the online tables and enabling space for learning, collaboration and aliveness is more a matter of the facilitator’s capacity to listen, to be authentically present and to relinquish control.

This thesis describes the researcher’s journey as an online facilitator and reflective organization development (OD) practitioner as she explores how to nurture and cultivate space for learning and collaboration in an online community of practice. The research setting is a small group of mostly volunteers in a national health charity. The researcher adopts a reflective practitioner research approach engaging in a continuous process of story-telling throughout the thesis. She struggles with questions such as her own dynamic role as an outside facilitator, the role of technology, dilemmas of emergence versus design and discovery of purpose. Rather than arriving at a to-do-list for potential online facilitators, she discovers that hosting café style conversations, setting the online tables and enabling space for learning, collaboration and aliveness is more a matter of the facilitator’s capacity to listen, to be authentically present and to relinquish control.

This research was directed at determining the value of Gestalt play therapy for the high school learner with Spina Bifida. By undertaking a literature study regarding the child with Spina Bifida, as well as Gestalt play therapy, it was possible to determine what needs and difficulties these learners experience and how Gestalt play therapy can be implemented to address these needs and difficulties. The researcher concludes that any high school learner experiences a lot of developmental changes, but for the learner with Spina Bifida there are not only the social, personal, physical and emotional changes, but also the fact that because of the disability, more support and help structures are needed. It became evident that, for these learners, Gestalt play therapy is a very effective and useful intervention technique. Learners were guided towards awareness of themselves, as well as their inner strength to face the unfinished business in their lives. / Social work / M. Diac (Play Therapy)