No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

In 2017, pheromone traps were monitored for observed of the target and non-target species in the Mendel University Arboretum and Újezd u Černé Hory. Pheromones were used from Propher s.r.o. Pheromones for Grapholita funebrana (Treitschke, 1835), Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) and Pandemis heparana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) were used. Six pheromone traps of the target species were hanged in the arboretum and three pheromone traps were hanged in the garden in Újezd u Černé Hory. Of the target species were found Grapholita funebrana and Grapholita molesta. Grapholita funebrana was found on both study areas. The Pandemis heparana was not recorded. The 10 non-target species have also been recorded: Cnephasia stephensiana (Doubleday, 1849); Epiblema cirsiana (Zeller, 1843); Pammene spiniana (Duponchel, 1843); Pammene suspectana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846); Pammene gallicolana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846); Tortrix viridana (Linnaeus, 1758); Oegoconia novimundi (Busck, 1915); Yponomeuta malinellus (Zeller, 1838); Crassa unitella (Hübner, 1796) and Argiresthia trifasciata (Staudinger, 1871). In the traps were recorded 270 individuals non-target species. The most attractive pheromone for non-target species was the pheromone for Grapholita molesta. The pheromone for Grapholita molesta was the most attractive pheromone for non-target species. In traps were recorded the pheromone of Grapholita molesta with 181 individuals of 7 non-target species. In traps were recorded the pheromone of Grapholita funebrana with 83 individuals of 7 non-target species. Six individuals of 3 non-target species were recorded in pheromone traps with pheromone for Pandemis heparana.

Thesis deals with advanced protection options against plum fruit mothCydia funebrana in organic and integrated production. A separate chapter is devoted to the characteristics, bionomy, the hosts plants and the importance of plum fruit moth. There are possibilities of monitoring and detection of the pest described in third chapter. The experimental part is devoted to comparison of productswith the active substance Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. There are two preparations compared Lepinox Plus and Biobit XL. The experiment was conducted in 2014 in a production orchard set in Brno Starý Lískovec. Product Lepinox Plusreached the highest efficiency.

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Tortricidae) is a significant pest in apple orchards. In the 1990ies, a control programme using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been established, based on bisexual releases of sterile insects into wild populations of this pest. Male-only releases are not possible due to the lack of an efficient system to produce male-only progeny. Recently, a new approach has been proposed for the development of genetic sexing strains in Lepidoptera. It is based on insertion of a dominant conditional lethal mutation of the Notch gene, derived from the N60g11 allele of Drosophila, into the female W chromosome by means of transgenesis. This study deals with isolation, characterization, and chromosomal localization of a codling moth orthologue of the Drosophila Notch gene with the aim to prepare a mutant sequence of the orthologue to be used in plasmid constructs for germline transformation of this pest.

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera; Tortricoidea) is a major pest of pome fruitand walnut orchards in the world. Due to the intensive chemical control C. pomonella has developed a high resistance to various insecticides. One of the mechanisms of the resistance is acetylcholinesterase insensitivity to carbamates and organophosphates. The insensitivity is based on mutations in one of two genes for acetylcholinesterase. This study deals with testing a hypothesis suggesting that one gene coding for acetylcholinesterase in the codling moth was translocated to the Z sex chromosome. The hypothesis has been latersupported by sex-linked inheritance of insecticide resistance in a related species, Grapholita molesta, and also by a large size of sex hromosomes in the codling moth.

In the present study, the W sex-chromosome of the codling moth was studied by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes prepared from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), which were isolated from the codling moth BAC library. The BAC library was screened for clones derived from both the W and Z sex chromosomes using three sets of molecular markers of codling moth sex chromosomes. A total of 54 BAC clones have been obtained. In this work, only 3 W-derived BAC clones and 1 Z-derived BAC clone were further characterized by BAC-FISH mapping on chromosome preparations of pachytene oocytes; the other BAC clones have been retained for next studies. Whereas the Z-BAC probe provided a discrete hybridization signal on the Z chromosome, and surprisingly on the W chromosome, the W-BAC probes showed multiple hybridization signals distributed on the whole W chromosome, suggesting that they are mainly composed of repetitive sequences, which occur in multiple clusters on the W chromosome. The specific pattern of W-BAC hybridization signals along with the discrete signal of the Z-BAC enabled us to discriminate left/right orientation of both the W and Z chromosomes and examine specificity of W-Z pairing during meiotic prophase I.