Václav Pilík. Unjustified Enrichment in the Czech Law. PhD thesis 1 Abstract This PhD thesis explores the legal institution of unjustified enrichment in the Czech private law. The subject is dealt in larger historical, theoretical and partly comparative relationships in order not to be reduced only to internal problems of the national regulation. A general view of unjustified enrichment (part one of this work), providing a systematic introduction to the problem, is hinder by different approaches, their overlapping and largely opened discourse on conceptual questions. Despite all that difficulties, found out by comparative legal studies of unjustified enrichment in the civil law and common law systems, it is necessary to undergo an attempt at expression of common features of the unjustified enrichment as a legal concept. Supposing that, we can describe three common features of unjustified enrichment: it is enrichment obtained at the expense of another and in a lawless way; the modern legal institute of unjustified enrichment rests on fragmentary historical basis, substantially completed by national factors of legal development (legislation, justice and doctrine); the enrichment is viewed as objective fact (at least in certain states of facts). Legal development of unjustified enrichment runs differently in...

This diploma thesis deals with analysing selected British anti-colonial fiction applying the theory of the renowned British literary critic Edward W. Said. It introduces Said´s theory of the motif of colonialism in different types of art work as the basic statement, as well as Said´s concept of ´the empire´, and these concepts will later on be applied onto individual literary works. They include the novella in a journal form Journal of a West India Proprietor by Matthew Gregory Lewis, a fable "How the Camel Got His Humph" from Just So Stories, and a poem "Gunga Din" from the collection Gunga Din and other Favorite Poems by Rudyard Kipling. My analysis will also include the novel A Passage to India by E.M. Forster, two novellas Lord Jim and Heart of Darkness and a short story "An Outpost of Progress" by Joseph Conrad, and a short story called "The Force of Circumstance" by Somerset Maugham. The main phenomena that will be analysed in this thesis are British racism towards the native people, cultural differences and misunderstandings, British superiority (very often also linked to certain naivety) over the native people. Analysing all these factors, I will strive to emphasize the authors´ artistic intentions and efforts to point them out as serious social problems. Applying the theory of Edward Said, I will support and develop my arguments.

Unjustified Enrichment in Business Law Abstract The aim of my thesis is to analyse the concept of unjustified enrichment in connection with the commercial law. In fact this topic is usually described in the civil law studies and at the same time the unjustified enrichment is minor topic compared to the obligations arising from the contracts. This is the reason why I have chosen this issue describe and focus on the business aspects. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. Chapter one as an introduction defines basic legislation acts, which I am dealing with throughout the thesis and roughly describes there are changes in connection with the extensive recodification of the Czech private law. Chapter two is subdivided into two parts. Part one focuses on the origin of the unjustified enrichment in Ancient Rome as the base for the civil law. Part two provides an outline of past legislation within the territory of the Czech Republic until its establishment. Chapter three concentrates on the legislation effective until 31 December 2013. It illustrates the approach to decision-making by the Supreme Court including the decision-making in connection with the limitation of rights according to Commercial Code. Chapter four analyses the changes after New Civil Code came into force in relation to commercial law. Here...

The thesis is focused on the legal concept of unjust enrichment specifically in relation to the area of business law. Although the basic legal regulation relevant also for the area of business law was, and even after the adoption of the new private law codes, still remains in the civil code, the thesis endeavors to focus on certain specifics related particularly to the business relations. For these purposes it deals, in less or more detailed manner, also with other legal concepts, which are significant for the topic and closely related (such as limitation of claims resulting from the unjust enrichment, good faith of legal entities, invalidity of legal acts etc.). The thesis analyses legal acts regulating the institution of unjust enrichment for the area of private law, eventually specifically for the business relations. Especially in the areas where the legal text itself is not exhaustive, it supplies also analysis of relatively extensive case law (available so far only in respect of the previous legislation), eventually also the analysis of expert opinions. It draws attention to certain conflicts in interpretation of individual legal provisions. Considering the recent essential change of the private law basis (new private law codes) the thesis provides to a considerable extent comparison of the...

1 ABSTRACT UNJUST ENRICHMENT UNDER ENGLISH AND CZECH LAW The topic of presented thesis is "Unjust Enrichment under English and Czech Law". It aims to provide a comprehensive analysis and comparison of legal rules governing unjust enrichment in English and Czech law. The thesis is systematically divided into four principal chapters which are further subdivided. The first chapter presents an introduction to unjust enrichment. It provides a brief historical overview and a description of legal nature of unjust enrichment. It also aims to bring a basic comparison of the common law system and the civil law system to which English law and Czech law belong. Unjust enrichment on the European level is analysed in the second chapter. Two chosen soft law instruments of the European private law are presented here, namely Draft Common Frame of Reference and Principles of European Law of Unjust Enrichment, which set forth non-binding rules for the functioning of unjust enrichment. The third chapter is focused on the English law of unjust enrichment. It primarily brings the analysis of the requirements of unjust enrichment under English law. These requirements, which are based on the case law of the English courts, are as follows: (1) benefit, (2) at the claimant's expense, (3) unjust factor, and (4) lack of defence....

1 Abstract This thesis deals with the institute of unjust enrichment extending to commercial law. It is focused on specific aspects of existence of this institute in commercial law. Particularly it means an issue of the limitation of unjust enrichment claims in business relationships as well as other special elements of unjust enrichment in commercial law regulations such as the question of repayment of the performance caused by the withdrawal, the protection of the company name claims and protection against unfair competition, rights of industrial property and bill of exchange and cheques enrichment. Although the work is primarily based on existing legislation, it is not limited to the examination of the issue from the perspective of re-codification of private law. The thesis analyzes the various provisions of the relevant commercial law regulations whose interpretation is in theory and practice greatly divided, and with their detailed analysis using initially established theoretical basis, trying to make their own suggestions.

Collective administration of copyright, focusing on the unjust enrichment from the collective rights manager's point of view Key words: Collective administration, copyright, unjust enrichment This master's thesis is focused on the collective management of copyright in the Czech Republic and it especially focuses on the issue of claiming an unjust enrichment from the colletive administrator's perspective. The main aim of the theses is to introduce the aforementioned and systematically discuss the legal adjustments and the functioning of the institutions on both theoretical and practical levels. The theses is divided into two imaginary halves, the first half focuses on the collective administration of copyright in general terms, the second half deals with the enforcement of unjust enrichment by the collective administrator itself. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. The first chapter deals with the basic definitions of the concept of collective administration and it's inclusion into the Czech legal system as well as the definitions of the basic concepts and issues used in this area of law. The second chapter briefly discusses the history of collective administration in the world as well as in the Czech Republic. The third chapter describes the rights which are the subject of collective...

1 The burden of proof in the disputes for unjust enrichment Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the institute of the burden of proof. Its aim is to analyse the distribution of the burden of proof in disputes for unjust enrichment. The thesis consists of an introduction, four main chapters, which are further internally divided and the conclusion. The introduction is focused mainly on the reasons of author's choice of the topic. The first chapter contains the general characteristics and interpretation of key concepts as well as related institutes, whose basic knowledge will be a key to other parts of the text. It explains the differences between the concepts of proof, counter-proof and objection. It then analyses the standard of proof needed to prove certain facts. It also describes the state of non liquet and analyses the individual procedural obligations and burdens of the parties. The subject of the second chapter of the thesis is the term of the burden of proof, which can be divided into the objective and subjective burden of proof. The subjective burden of proof can be further subdivided into the abstract and concrete burden of proof. The chapter goes on to analyse selected theories of distribution of the burden of proof, while not neglecting the negative theory of proof. In the partial conclusion,...

Unjust enrichment under business law The aim of this work is to analyze the unjust enrichment with its overlap to commercial law. The introduction of the text summarizes the historical development of unjust enrichment from ancient Roman law provisions, including the Austrian General Civil Code and the Civil Code from 1950 up to the history of the currently effective codex published under no. 40/1964 Coll. This historical analysis points out certain analogies with the current regulation and the development of elements that are the foundation of today's unjust enrichment legislation. The following part of the work contains analysis of the current de lege lata legislation of unjust enrichment in the commercial law, the subsequent part constitutes the crucial part of this work that is concerned directly with unjust enrichment in the commercial law. First, it analyses the term of business contractual obligations, then it analyses the relationship between the Civil Code and the Commercial Code and finally it sums up the expert discussion relating to the unjust enrichment in the commercial law and subsequently the author presents his personal view of the problem and the effects of the unjust enrichment, especially on the question of limitation period, are considered briefly. The final chapter consists...

Analýza a interpretace variací DNA je důležité pro zkoumání genetického pozadí dědičnosti, nemocí a jiných fenotypových rysů. Tato práce stručně úvadí oblasti molekulární biologie a základních principů genetiky, popisuje metody pro anotační analýzy genetických variací, genomové asociační studie a metody pro analýzy obohacení s jejich implementací. V rámci této práce jsme představili nový webový nástroj Varanto, který může být použit k anotaci, vizualizaci a analýze genetických variací. Může být použit k analýze obohacení anotací pomocí hypergeometrického testu pro danou množinu variací. Varanto obsahuje uživatelské webové rozhraní vyvinuté pomocí frameworku Shiny jazyka R. Výkon a funkcionalita nástroje jsou testovány a demonstrovány podle výkonových benchmarků a na základě analýzy a interpretace dat z dříve publikovaných genomových asociačních studií.