Land consolidations are an important instrument for implementation of erosion control and water management measures. They have poly-functional character and contribute to increase of ecological stability and aesthetic of agricultural landscape. Although the land consolidation process does not advance requisitely, it brings unquestionably positive results. The aim of the doctoral thesis is to review intensity of the process of the land consolidation in the Czech Republic with the extra focus on the evaluation of its efficiency in the sphere of soil and water protection. Nine cadastres with at least one implemented erosion control or water management measure have been chosen for this purpose. They are spread all over the Czech Republic and they represent its various natural and anthropic conditions. Unified methods are used for evaluation of efficiency of the water and soil protective measures in model areas.

This diploma thesis deals with the most significant fungal pathogens Podosphaera mors-uvae, Cronartium ribicola and Drepanopeziza ribis, which can be commonly identified on currants and gooseberries in our climatic conditions. There are descriptions of various pathogens, how they spread and survive throughout the year, preventive defence and possibilities of curative chemical defence are also introduced. The state of attack of the plants by pathogens was monitored and evaluated. 10 cultivars of currants and 10 cultivars of gooseberries were used for this experiment. The most significant occurrence of P. mors-uvae on annual shoots and on fruit was noticed on gooseberry cultivars 'Terno', 'Golden fig', 'Neguš' and 'Industrie' and on currant cultivars 'Favorit' and 'Junifer'. On the other hand, gooseberry cultivars 'Kaptivátor' and 'Prima' and currant cultivars 'Titania' and 'Detvan' were not attacked. The heaviest occurrence of C. ribicola was recorded on gooseberry cultivar 'Karát', 'Kaptivátor' and 'Karmen' which were defoliated as a result of the pathogen attack. From currants, the heaviest attack was noted on cultivars 'Othelo', 'Titania' and 'Nigra'. The occurrence of D. ribis was slightly noticable on gooseberry cultivars 'Karmen', 'Karát', 'Prima' and 'Invicta'. In terms of currants, the most severe occurrence was logged on cultivar 'Jonkher van Tets'.

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of weed growing up on Douglas fir cultures using different methods of protection against weeds. There were used several methods as: whole surface trimming, trimming in stripes, individual trimming, trampling, whole surface herbicide application, trimimming the grass blades to a height level. As a control area was chosen an area with no treatment against the forest weeds. The research was carried out on forest property LHC Horáková, set of forest types 5H. In the spring of 2012 was established a research area, which was divided into seven parts, each part for a different kind of protection against forest weeds. On each plot were planted approximately 200 individuals of Douglas fir. For seedlings were evaluated the following criteria: length of the aboveground parts, terminal increment, replacing of the terminal shoot by lateral shoot, thickness of the root collar, the occurrence of tress with fork trunk shape, multiple top, trunk straightness, canopy shape, color of needles, length of needles, crown base height and damage of tree by biotic and abiotic factors and total losses. There was also examined the effect of treatment against weeds on soil moisture, sunlit of seedlings on individual plots, the species composition of weed on individual plots and the influence of different intervention against weeds on the chemical composition of the assimilation apparatus. It was found out that Douglas fir exibits the greatest terminal increment on area without treatment, and after three years of research achieving an average height of 121.7 cm. But seedlings on this plot have weaker root collar (15.61 mm) and also have relatively high slenderness ratio. The strongest root collars are at the end of the research identified on a plot with individual trimming - 19.71 mm, at the same time the seedlings have comparable terminal increment to that area without any treatment (119.7 cm). The least suitable way to protect against forest weeds after three years of research, was found out herbicides treatment, because it showed the worst results. The best way in contrary seems individual trimming.

The thesis deals with the most significant disease of the day-lily, the brown leaf streakiness caused by the fungus Aureobasidium microsticum in two habitats, Lednice and Ústí nad Orlicí in the year 2014. The intensity of infestation of the plants, the in-tensity of infestation on one shoot were evaluated. The infestation index and frequency of the pathogen in both habitats were determined. In the Lednice habitat 62 varieties of daylilies were evaluated. Different amounts of infestation intensity were recorded on them. The highest intensity of fungus infestati-on A. microsticum was recorded on varieties 'Forty Secon Street' and 'Clemenceaux', varieties 'Pandora Box' and 'Seal of Aproval' were attacked least. The highest intensity of infestation on one shoot and the defined index of infestation was at the varieties 'Forty Secon Street', 'Parian China' and 'Bonie Holey', while the lowest one was at varieties 'Ringlets','Golden Chimnes'. Furthermore the highest frequency of the pa-thogen was defined at varieties such as ' Kwanso', 'Atlas' and 'Rajah'. The lowest infe-station of the pathogen was at the varieties 'Seal Aproval'. All the varieties were attac-ked. In the Ústí nad Orlicí habitat 46 varieties of daylilies were used in this experiment. The highest intensity of plant infestation by the fungus A. microsticum was recorded on varieties 'Canadian Borde Patrol','Doll House' and 'Gold Reef', the least infested varieties were 'Real Wind', 'Mauna Loa' and 'Autumm Red'. The highest intensity of infestation on one shoot and the defined index of infestation were at the varieties 'Tonia Gay', 'Doll House' and 'Canadian Borde Patrol', while the lowest one was at the varieties eg. 'Barnabas' and 'Real Wind'. Furthermore defined frequency of the pathogen occurrence, where varieties such as 'Cosmic Carper', 'El Desperado' and 'Tanzanite' were infested the most and on the other hand the smallest rate was re-corded at the variety 'Franc Hals'. All the varieties were attacked. From all of the varieties from the infected leaves with the disease symptom the pathogen was isolated and microscopically analysed.

This research addresses the collision of aircrafts with wild animals, which analyzes, evaluates and stores processes and technological equipment. It also discusses the biological protection of airports, terrorist attacks and security measures that are related to this phenomenon. An important part of the economy, especially the need to respond to the current growth trend, long-distance, international air transport is experiencing.

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