This thesis deals with modelling and simulation of management protocols on the data-link layer in OMNeT++ tool. Namely protocol CDP, LLDP and ODR routing. These protocols are described in the first thesis' half and in the second half is described their design and implementation in ANSA project. Correctness of implementation is verified by comparison between simulated and real network examples. Also dependencies on module DeviceConfiguratoru were removed from ANSAINET library.

Communication bandwidth and latency reduction techniques are developed for Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) protocols. Using logs from vignettes simulated by the OneSAF Testbed Baseline (OTB), a discrete event simulator based on the OMNeT++ modeling environment is developed to analyze the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) traffic over a wireless flying Local Area Network (LAN). Alternative PDU bundling and compression techniques are studied under various metrics including slack time, travel time, queue length, and collision rate. Based on these results, Packet Alloying, a technique for the optimized bundling of packets, is proposed and evaluated. Packet Alloying becomes more active when it is needed most: during negative spikes of transmission slack time. It produces aggregations that preserve the internal PDU format, allowing the resulting packets to be subjectable to further bundling and/or compression by conventional techniques. To optimize the selection of bundle delimitation, three online predictive strategies were developed: Neural-Network based, Always-Wait, and Always-Send. These were compared with three offline strategies defined as Type, Type-Length and Type-Length-Size. Applying Always-Wait to the studied vignette using the wireless links set to 64 Kbps, a reduction in the magnitude of negative slack time from -75 to -9 seconds for the worst spike was achieved, which represents a reduction of 88 %. Similarly, at 64 Kbps, Always-Wait reduced the average satellite queue length from 2,963 to 327 messages for a 89% reduction. From the analysis of negative slack-time spikes it was determined which PDU types are of highest priority. The router and satellite queues in the case study were modified accordingly using a priority-based transmission scheduler. The analysis of total travel times based of PDU types numerically shows the benefit obtained. The contributions of this dissertation include the formalization of a selective PDU bundling scheme, the proposal and study of different predictive algorithms for the next PDU, and priority-based optimization using Head-of-Line (HoL) service. These results demonstrate the validity of packet optimizations for distributed simulation environments and other possible applications such as TCP/IP transmissions.

Software Defined Networks (SDN) constitute the new communication paradigm ofprogrammable computer networks. By decoupling the control and date plane the networkmanagement is easier and more flexible. However, the new architecture is vulnerable to anumber of security threats, which are able to harm the network. Network monitoringsystems are pivotal in order to protect the network. To this end, the evaluation of a networkmonitoring system is crucial before the deployment of it in the real environment. Networksimulators are the complementary part of the process as they are necessary during theevaluation of the new system’s performance at the design time. This work focuses on providing a complete simulation framework which is able to(i) support SDN architectures and the OpenFlow protocol, (ii) reproduce the impact ofcyber and physical attacks against the network and (iii) provide detection and mitigationtechniques to address Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. The performance of the designedmonitoring system will be evaluated in terms of accuracy, reactiveness and effectiveness.The work is an extension of INET framework of OMNeT++ network simulator. / Software Defined Networks (SDN) utgör den nya kommunikationsmodellen av programmerbara datornätverk. Genom separation av kontroll- och dataplanet blir administrativ hantering av datornätverk enklare och flexiblare. Arkitekturen öppnar emellertid upp nya säkerthets hot, övervakningssystem är därför väsentliga för att skydda datornätverk. Till följd av detta är utvärdering av övervakningssystem kritiskt innan driftsättning i produktionsmiljö. Nätverkssimulatorer är den kompletterande delen i processen då de är nödvändiga för utvärdering av systemets prestanda under design fasen. Detta arbete fokuserar på att tillföra ett komplettet simulations ramverk vilket är kapabelet till; (i) ge stöd för SDN arkitekturer och OpenFlow protokollet, (ii) reproducera skadegörelsen av cyber- och fysiska attacker mot datornäterk och (iii) förse sätt att upptäcka och mildra Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacker. Prestanda av det designade övervakningssystemet är utvärderat i form av exakthet, responstid och effektivitet. Arbetet är en utvidgning av INET ramverket, som är del av OMNeT++ network simulator.

Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-21T13:50:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2220137 bytes, checksum: 5d830e5d1ba6396c3e9ff56a19b08deb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-21T13:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2220137 bytes, checksum: 5d830e5d1ba6396c3e9ff56a19b08deb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Multi-Robot System (MRS) consisting of multiple interacting robots, each running a specific control strategy, which is not driven centrally. Technical challenges arise from the need to develop complex, software-intensive products that take the constraints of the physical world into account. Make tools, methodologies and teams from different fields can work together is not an easy task to accomplish. Co-simulation represents on technique of validation in heterogeneous systems. Its fundamental principle is to provide support to execute different simulators in a cooperative way. A known standard is the High Level Architecture (HLA) that is a pattern described in IEEE 1516 series and has been developed to provide a common architecture to distributed model and simulation. Using HLA, several simulators and real applications could be simulated together. That way, this work presents a project for Multi-Robot Systems (SMR) simulation using ROS co-simulation with a network simulator, the OMNeT++, using HLA. The main goal is make the simulations more realistic, where the data exchange will be performed by using a simulated network, as if we had real robots interacting through a conventional network. To this end, an interface was developed between ROS and OMNeT++ using HLA. Experiments demonstrate that the packet losses were correctly simulated, adding realism to simulations. / Sistemas Multi-Robôs (SMR) consistem em múltiplos robôs interagindo, cada um executando uma estratégia de controle específica, que não é conduzida de forma centralizada. Alguns desafios surgiram da necessidade de desenvolver produtos que levem o mundo real em consideração. Fazer com que ferramentas, metodologias e equipes de diferentes áreas possam trabalhar juntas não é uma tarefa simples de ser realizada. Cossimulação representa uma técnica para validação de sistemas heterogêneos. Seu princípio fundamental é prover suporte à execução de diferentes simuladores de forma cooperativa. Um dos padrões para tal é conhecido como High Level Architecture (HLA), que é um padrão descrito no IEEE 1516 e tem sido desenvolvido para dispor uma arquitetura para modelagem e simulação distribuídos. Utilizando HLA, vários simuladores e aplicações reais podem ser simulados juntos. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta um projeto para simulação de Sistemas Multi-Robôs (SMR) utilizando ROS cossimulado com um simulador de redes de computadores, o OMNeT++ através do HLA. Seu principal objetivo é tornar as simulações mais próximas da realidade, onde os dados irão ser trocados através de uma rede simulada, como se tivéssemos robôs reais interagindo através de uma rede convencional. Para tal, foi desenvolvida a interface entre o ambiente ROS e o OMNeT++ com o HLA. Experimentos demonstraram que a perda de pacotes foi simulada corretamente, adicionando ao ambiente mais realismo

This work outlines ways of getting dynamic state into OMNeT++ model. SNMP as major technology was selected for reaching the goals. Protocols CDP and LLDP are participating in topology detection and in theoretical layer Breadth- first search is used. The output of this tool is file syntactically specied by NED language which is describing computer network.

Robust real-time communication is crucial in many safety-critical systems, such as air-crafts. One example of real-time communication within an aircraft is the Ethernet-based protocol called Proprietary Real-Time Ethernet (PRTE), used for sensor data and other hard real-time information exchange. Meanwhile Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) is an emerging group of standards being developed by IEEE, which extends standard Ethernet with real-time capabilities. This thesis investigates the possibility of augmenting a Proprietary Real-Time Ethernet (PRTE) network with TSN functionality, in order to allow for additional, less safety-critical, traffic classes on the same network infrastructure while ensuring real-time correctness of PRTE. A software simulation method through the OMNeT++ 6.0 and INET 4.4 frameworks is used to create and evaluate a small model network. Realistic PRTE traffic is modelled and generated with the help of an XML file with an incomplete PRTE schedule. The same PRTE schedule file is used to calculate an 802.1Qbv schedule for protective TSN windows, used to prevent the PRTE traffic from interference. Additional traffic classes in the form of best-effort traffic are introduced to the network, and multiple network traffic scenarios are considered to evaluate the performance of the network. Both the performance of the PRTE traffic and the non-real-time critical best-effort Ethernet traffic is assessed. The TSN features successfully protect the time-sensitive traffic from interference while inducing a negligible latency increase by introducing the 802.1Q header required by TSN. The best-effort traffic throughput is lowered by a small amount, which is expected as the scheduled traffic reserves bandwidth. The worst-case end-to-end latency of the best-effort traffic is slightly increased across the board, but remains fairly similar to the baseline scenario without TSN windows. Overall, the results are promising and prove that the method can guarantee both PRTE and best-effort performance with minor performance loss. / Robust realtidskommunikation är oumbärligt i många säkerhetskritiska system, som till exempel flygplan. Ett protokoll för realtidskommunikation inom flygplan är det Ethernet-baserade protokollet Proprietary Real-Time Ethernet (PRTE) som används för att skicka bland annat sensordata och annan realtidsinformation. Ett annat exempel är Time Sensitive Networking (TSN), som är en framväxande samling av standarder som utvecklas av IEEE. Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) utökar standard-Ethernet och introducerar realtidsfunktionalitet. Denna rapport undersöker möjligheten att utöka funktionaliteten i Proprietary Real-Time Ethernet (PRTE)-nätverk med TSN-funktionalitet och på så sätt tillåta lägre tidskritiska trafikklasser att kommunicera på samma nätverk, utan att kompromissa på realtids-korrektheten i Proprietary Real-Time Ethernet (PRTE). Mjukvarusimulering med OMNeT++ 6.0 och INET 4.4 används för att skapa och utvärdera små modellnätverk. Realistisk PRTE-trafik modelleras och genereras med hjälp av en XML-fil som innehåller ett ofullständigt PRTEschema. Samma schema-fil används för att generera ett schema med skyddande TSN-fönster enligt 802.1Qbv-standarden. Dessa fönster används för att skydda PRTE-trafiken från lägre prioriterad trafik, och tillåter då så kallad Best Efforttrafik mellan tidskritiska fönster. Olika mönster av Best Effort-trafik genereras och dess effekt på nätverket utvärderas. Både prestandan av PRTE och Best Effort-trafiken tas i beaktning. TSN-funktionerna lyckas med att skydda den tidskritiska trafiken, och leder endast till väldigt låga latens-ökningar på grund av att 802.1Q-headers introduceras. Överföringshastigheten för Best Effort-trafik minskade något, vilket var förväntat då de schemalagda TSN-fönstren tar upp bandbredd. Värstafallsfördröjningen i Best Effort-trafiken ökade något över lag, men höll sig förhållandevis nära grundscenariot utan TSN-fönster. Sammantaget är resultaten lovande och bevisar att metoden kan garantera leverans av PRTE-paket samtidigt som Best Effort-trafik skickas med små prestandaförluster.

The focus of this study was to investigate an alternative and more cost effective solution for occupancy sensing in commercial office buildings. The intended purpose of this solution is to aid in efficient energy management. The main requirements were that the proposed solution made use of existing infrastructure only, and provided a means to focus on occupant location. This research was undertaken due to current solutions making use of custom occupancy sensors that are relatively costly and troublesome to implement. These solutions focus mainly on monitoring environmental changes, and not the physical locations of the occupants themselves. Furthermore, current occupancy sensing solutions are unable to provide proximity and timing information that indicate how far an occupant is located from a specific area, or how long the occupant resided there. The research question was answered by conducting a proof of concept study with data simulated in the OMNeT++ environment in conjunction with the MiXiM framework for wireless networks. The proposed solution investigated the fidelity of existing WiFi infrastructure for occupancy sensing, this entailed the creation of a Virtual Occupancy Sensor (VOS) that implemented RSS-based localisation for an occupant’s WiFi devices. Localisation was implemented with three different location estimation techniques; these were trilateration, constrained nearest neighbour RF mapping and unconstrained nearest neighbour RF mapping. The obtained positioning data was interpreted by a developed intelligent agent that was able to transform this regular position data into relevant occupancy information. This information included a distance from office measurement and an occupancy result that can be interpreted by existing energy management systems. The accuracy and operational behaviour of the developed VOS were tested with various scenarios. Sensitivity analysis and extreme condition testing were also conducted. Results showed that the constrained nearest neighbour RF mapping approach is the most accurate, and is best suited for occupancy determination. The created VOS system can function correctly with various tested sensitivities and device loads. Furthermore results indicated that the VOS is very accurate in determining room level occupancy although the accuracy of the position coordinate estimations fluctuated considerably. The operational behaviour of the VOS could be validated for all investigated scenarios. It was determined that the developed VOS can be deemed fit for its intended purpose, and is able to give indication to occupant proximity and movement timing. The conducted research confirmed the fidelity of WiFi infrastructure for occupancy sensing, and that the developed VOS can be considered a viable and cost effective alternative to current occupancy sensing solutions. / MIng (Computer and Electronic Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The focus of this study was to investigate an alternative and more cost effective solution for occupancy sensing in commercial office buildings. The intended purpose of this solution is to aid in efficient energy management. The main requirements were that the proposed solution made use of existing infrastructure only, and provided a means to focus on occupant location. This research was undertaken due to current solutions making use of custom occupancy sensors that are relatively costly and troublesome to implement. These solutions focus mainly on monitoring environmental changes, and not the physical locations of the occupants themselves. Furthermore, current occupancy sensing solutions are unable to provide proximity and timing information that indicate how far an occupant is located from a specific area, or how long the occupant resided there. The research question was answered by conducting a proof of concept study with data simulated in the OMNeT++ environment in conjunction with the MiXiM framework for wireless networks. The proposed solution investigated the fidelity of existing WiFi infrastructure for occupancy sensing, this entailed the creation of a Virtual Occupancy Sensor (VOS) that implemented RSS-based localisation for an occupant’s WiFi devices. Localisation was implemented with three different location estimation techniques; these were trilateration, constrained nearest neighbour RF mapping and unconstrained nearest neighbour RF mapping. The obtained positioning data was interpreted by a developed intelligent agent that was able to transform this regular position data into relevant occupancy information. This information included a distance from office measurement and an occupancy result that can be interpreted by existing energy management systems. The accuracy and operational behaviour of the developed VOS were tested with various scenarios. Sensitivity analysis and extreme condition testing were also conducted. Results showed that the constrained nearest neighbour RF mapping approach is the most accurate, and is best suited for occupancy determination. The created VOS system can function correctly with various tested sensitivities and device loads. Furthermore results indicated that the VOS is very accurate in determining room level occupancy although the accuracy of the position coordinate estimations fluctuated considerably. The operational behaviour of the VOS could be validated for all investigated scenarios. It was determined that the developed VOS can be deemed fit for its intended purpose, and is able to give indication to occupant proximity and movement timing. The conducted research confirmed the fidelity of WiFi infrastructure for occupancy sensing, and that the developed VOS can be considered a viable and cost effective alternative to current occupancy sensing solutions. / MIng (Computer and Electronic Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

No description available.

This thesis provides a description of Distributed Application Facility (DAF), including its components, in Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA). The DAF is equivalent to an application layer of today’s network model. It also documents implementation of the DAF for the OMNeT++ simulation framework. The aim of this thesis is to extend the functionality of simulation library and to provide clear application programming interface.