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Inledning: En marknadsföringsstrategi som används i de fysiska dagligvaruhandelsbutikerna är sinnesmarknadsföring, men det finns för nuvarande kunskapsluckor vad det gäller att använda strategin vid e-handel. Syftet med studien är därav att få en djupare förståelse av hur svenska dagligvaruhandelsföretag arbetar med sinnesmarknadsföring vid e-handel och hur denna marknadsföringsstrategi påverkar kundens helhetsupplevelse.  Teori: Digitaliseringen har lett till att e-handeln fått stor betydelse. Det är därav avstor vikt att företagen genererar en positiv kundupplevelse, vilket förutsätter att förstå kundens beteende. Genom att använda sig av sinnesmarknadsföring stimuleras människans fem sinnen och det skapas möjligheter till att tillfredsställa samtliga kunder.  Metod: För att samla in teoretiskt och empiriskt material till denna kvalitativa studie har flera olika metoder använts i kombination. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter från ICA och Coop har exempelvis kombinerats med metoden “tänka högt” för att få med kundernas perspektiv.  Empiri: Respondenterna från ICA och Coop vill att det ska vara enkelt att navigera på deras e-handel, men kunderna i studien uppfattar det inte lika enkelt. Vidare upplevdes sinnena på olika sätt.  Analys: ICA och Coop arbetar mycket med synen. Både teorin och kunderna i studien bekräftar att synen blir det första som uppmärksammas. Företagen arbetar mer med smaken än känseln, medans kunderna stimuleras mer av känseln än smaken. Dock har de samma uppfattning om doften. Därefter kommer hörseln, vilket inte var en lika avgörande faktor vid ett köpbeslut.  Slutsats: Företagen arbetar främst med synen genom noga utvalda bilder och recept, vilket påverkade kunderna på olika sätt. Mottagandet av leveransen var viktig för helhetsupplevelsen för kunden, dock påverkades kunden inte av svårigheterna med navigeringen på e- handeln. Det är sinnena i kombination som utgör upplevelsen för kunden. / Introduction: A marketing strategy in the physical grocery stores is sensory marketing, but for now there is a knowledge gap applicable to the strategy used online. The purpose of the study is to get a deeper understanding of how Swedish grocery companies are working with sensory marketing in e-commerce and how this marketing strategy affects the customers' whole experience.  Theory: Digitalization has led to e-commerce becoming very important. It is therefore of great importance for companies to generate a positive customer experience, which assumes to understand the customers behavior. To use sensory marketing and stimulate the humans five senses creates possibilities to satisfy all customers.  Method: To gather theoretical and empirical data to this qualitative study several different methods were used in combination. Semi- structured interviews with respondents from ICA and Coop have for example been combined with “think aloud” to be able to bring the customer's perspective.  Empirical investigation: The respondents from ICA and Coop want their e-commerce investigation to be easy to navigate. However, customers do not perceive it as easily. Furthermore, the senses were experienced in different ways.  Analysis: ICA and Coop work with the sight. Both the theory and the customers that participated in the study confirms that the sight sense is the first that is noticed. The companies work more with the taste than the touch, while the customers are stimulated more by the touch than the taste. They both had the same perception about the scent. The hearing is not a crucial factor in a purchase decision. Conclusion: The companies work mostly with the sight with carefully chosen pictures and recipes. The receiving of the delivery was important for the holistic experience, but the difficulties of navigation on the e-commerce did not affect them that much. It is finally the senses in combination with each other that formed the experience for the customer.

The study substantiates common strategies and theories regarding the teaching of sight-reading. The literature study done on sight-reading at the keyboard consists of opinions and recommendations resulting from empirical findings of well-known piano pedagogues. Seven beginner courses were analysed in order to assess their presentation of a well-structured development of piano sight-reading against the opinions and recommendations of well-known piano pedagogues and authors in this field as well as the personal experience of the researcher. During this process it was discovered that insufficient attention was paid to the development of the association between a note symbol and its corresponding key on the piano. However no attention was paid to the act of playing while reading ahead. The researcher compiled additional progressive exercises for the 7 to 9 year old beginner, to address the above-mentioned discrepancies. The exercises and their individual purposes are clearly explained with instructions regarding their performance. / Hierdie studie bevestig algemene strategieë en teorieë aangaande die ontwikkeling van vaardighede om musieknotasie te lees en te speel. Die literatuur wat in hierdie studie bestudeer is, handel oor opinies en aanbevelings van vooraanstaande klavierpedagoë wat voortspruit uit die resultate van hulle empiriese navorsing. Sewe aanvangskursusse is ontleed en die aktiwiteite en metodes waarvolgens vaardighede onderrig word om musieknotasie te leer lees en speel, is gemeet aan die aanbevelings van vooraanstaande klavierpedagoë, navorsers op die gebied, asook die navorser se eie ervaring met die boeke. Gedurende die studie is daar ontdek dat daar meesal nie aandag geskenk word aan die ontwikkeling van 'n assosiasie tussen 'n toonhoogtesimbool en ooreenstemmende klawer op die klavier nie en glad nie aan die proses van vooruitlees nie. Om hierdie tekortkominge te oorkom het die navorser 'n stel aanvullende en progressiewe oefeninge saamgestel wat maklik genoeg uitvoerbaar is vir die 7- tot 9-jarige beginner. Duidelike beskrywings van die oefeninge, elkeen se spesifieke doel, en aanwysings vir effektiewe uitvoering daarvan word verskaf. / Art History, Visual Arts & Music / M.A. (Musicology)

THEME: Kinesitherapy means effectiveness determination for ill with juvenile spinal column osteochondropathy. THE WORK CARRIED OUT: Ausra Aleksandroviene. THE WORK SUPERVISOR: ass. prof. Dr. P.Zachovajevas THE AIM OF THE WORK: to determine the most effective kinesitherapy means out of those which were applied PC Silainiai polyclinic kinesiotherapy consulting-room visiting patients ill with juvenile spinal column osteochondropathy. TASKS: 1. To determine kinesitherapy means impact on children's general balance. 2. To determine kinesitherapy means impact on children's flexibility. 3. To determine kinesitherapy means impact on the abdomen, back, waist muscles endurance power. 4. To determine kinesitherapy means impact on aerobic working capacity . SUMMARY: Many people have back pains. The reasons of these pains are different, they are caused by various diseases. One of the most met diagnosis of late - juvenile spinal column osteochondropathy which has several names - they are juvenile ciphosis or Schojerman - Mau disease. This disease has a property to become chronic, to cause various complications, lasts more than one year. Due to early diagnostics the first symptoms of the disease are found out though many have no complaints. The inveteracy of the disease has impact on human self-feeling, cause muscles and nerves pain, decrease working capacity. The spinal column injuries and diseases determination complexity is related to this that up till now practically there is no healthy... [to full text]

The study substantiates common strategies and theories regarding the teaching of sight-reading. The literature study done on sight-reading at the keyboard consists of opinions and recommendations resulting from empirical findings of well-known piano pedagogues. Seven beginner courses were analysed in order to assess their presentation of a well-structured development of piano sight-reading against the opinions and recommendations of well-known piano pedagogues and authors in this field as well as the personal experience of the researcher. During this process it was discovered that insufficient attention was paid to the development of the association between a note symbol and its corresponding key on the piano. However no attention was paid to the act of playing while reading ahead. The researcher compiled additional progressive exercises for the 7 to 9 year old beginner, to address the above-mentioned discrepancies. The exercises and their individual purposes are clearly explained with instructions regarding their performance. / Hierdie studie bevestig algemene strategieë en teorieë aangaande die ontwikkeling van vaardighede om musieknotasie te lees en te speel. Die literatuur wat in hierdie studie bestudeer is, handel oor opinies en aanbevelings van vooraanstaande klavierpedagoë wat voortspruit uit die resultate van hulle empiriese navorsing. Sewe aanvangskursusse is ontleed en die aktiwiteite en metodes waarvolgens vaardighede onderrig word om musieknotasie te leer lees en speel, is gemeet aan die aanbevelings van vooraanstaande klavierpedagoë, navorsers op die gebied, asook die navorser se eie ervaring met die boeke. Gedurende die studie is daar ontdek dat daar meesal nie aandag geskenk word aan die ontwikkeling van 'n assosiasie tussen 'n toonhoogtesimbool en ooreenstemmende klawer op die klavier nie en glad nie aan die proses van vooruitlees nie. Om hierdie tekortkominge te oorkom het die navorser 'n stel aanvullende en progressiewe oefeninge saamgestel wat maklik genoeg uitvoerbaar is vir die 7- tot 9-jarige beginner. Duidelike beskrywings van die oefeninge, elkeen se spesifieke doel, en aanwysings vir effektiewe uitvoering daarvan word verskaf. / Art History, Visual Arts and Music / M.A. (Musicology)

After experiencing moments without sight, strong moments of overcoming space and evaluating behaviour on the basis of information received by non-visual options are fixed in the memory. It was the familiar space I went through without seeing it, that showed new values and suddenly I perceived it completely differently. I focused on the materiality of the movement, which described not only its physical boundaries, but also the various sensible stimuli radiating towards my body and senses. This feeling of experiencing space differently, I would compare to feelings of when you re-discover a familiar place from childhood. We already look differently at the long-fixed images of children's eyes and minds, we are even able to compare this perception now. It is not that we did not have good eyesight as children, but we did not realise overall contexts and did not have certain experiences that now help us lead lives in a certain direction. While going through no-sight-experience myself, I found myself in a situation like that. I was like a child who knew a certain space only to a limited extent, in other words a space limited by sight. The initial intuitive assumption that looking at visual impairment not as a disability but as another means of experiencing world became the basis of inspiration for my project. I began to realise the fact that the perception of space in kids, does not only depend on the functioning of the eyesight but also on the functioning of their brain. Depending on where the children grow up, they experience changing states of the surrounding environment, which is related to their emotional, mental and physical development. However, they do not always grow up in an environment that can stimulate cognitive development and help personal, social or education growth. Thus, such a space cannot provide enough different stimuli for a certain purpose, which should help them thinking in and realise the wider context. Between the age of 3-7 years, a child's brain develops very quickly, using play or various spatial experiences. With its plasticity, the brain offers us a large volume of memory space, where almost everything that a child under the age of 7 sees around him, is initially noted down. But what’s really important is what information remains in the memory and won’t disappear. This is precisely that kind of information that has been strongly supported and influenced by various stimuli, which can always be maintained better than the unsubstantiated constant repetition of situations. Here I tried to insert a multisensory experience, which is used by the blind and visually impaired people as a vital need when moving through space and to compensate their eyesight. This experience is strongly connected with emotions, which are the main element of all long-lasting memories and experiences that we remember. That is why it is appropriate to use multisensorialism also in a learning practice, whether this is led by a teacher or through free play. In children that are not visually impaired, multisensory stimuli can support healthy emotional development but also the formation of synapses in the brain. At the same time, I see as a benefit in inter-connecting of these two groups of children, because they can be an inspiration to each other in their differential processing of information from the surrounding environment. The aim of the work is to create an inclusive space for the sighted and sight-impaired. The aim for the space is to support the possibility of obtaining information using multiple stimuli, which are proposed to be designed within the object-functionality and the overall space of the preschool facility.

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'Université catholique de Louvain. / Ce travail de thèse s’est intéressé à la plasticité cérébrale associée à la privation/restauration visuelle. A travers deux études transversales utilisant l’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle auprès d’un groupe de participants présentant une cécité congénitale ou précoce (ainsi qu’auprès d’un groupe contrôle de participants voyants), nous avons tenté de caractériser la manière dont le cortex occipital - typiquement dédié au traitement de l’information visuelle - se réorganise afin de traiter différents stimuli auditifs. Nous démontrons qu’en cas de cécité précoce, différentes régions du cortex occipital présentent une préférence fonctionnelle pour certains types de stimuli non-visuels, avec une spécialisation fonctionnelle qui respecte celle de régions typiquement impliquées dans le traitement d’informations similaires en vision. Ces découvertes constituent une avancée conceptuelle concernant le rôle joué par les contraintes intrinsèques d’une part, et par l’expérience d’autre part, dans l’émergence de réponses sensorielles et fonctionnelles du cortex occipital. D’une part, l’observation de réponses occipitales à la stimulation auditive chez le non-voyant précoce (réorganisation transmodale) rend compte de la capacité du cortex occipital à réorienter sa modalité sensorielle préférentielle en fonction de l’expérience. D’autre part, l’existence de modules cognitifs spécialisés dans le cortex occipital du non-voyant précoce, semblables à ceux du cerveau voyant, démontre les contraintes intrinsèques imposées à une telle plasticité. Dans une étude de cas longitudinale, nous avons également exploré comment les changements plastiques associés à la cécité interagissent avec une récupération visuelle partielle à l’âge adulte. Nous avons réalisé des mesures pré et post-opératoires auprès d’un patient ayant récupéré la vision, en combinant les techniques comportementales ainsi que de neuroimagerie fonctionnelle et structurelle afin d’investiguer conjointement l’évolution de la réorganisation transmodale et de la récupération des fonctions visuelles à travers le temps. Nous démontrons que les changements structurels et fonctionnels caractérisant le cortex occipital du non-voyant sont partiellement réversibles suite à une récupération visuelle à l’âge adulte. De manière générale, ces recherches témoignent de l’importante adaptabilité du cortex occipital aux prises avec des changements drastiques dans l’expérience visuelle. / The present Ph.D. work was dedicated to the study of experience-dependent brain plasticity associated with visual deprivation/restoration. In two cross-sectional studies involving the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging in a group of participants with congenital or early blindness (and in a control group of sighted participants), we attempted to characterize the way the occipital cortex - typically devoted to vision – reorganizes itself in order to process different auditory stimuli. We demonstrate that in case of early visual deprivation, distinct regions of the occipital cortex display a functional preference for specific non-visual attributes, maintaining a functional specialization similar to the one that characterizes the sighted brain. Such studies have shed new light on the role played by intrinsic constraints on the one side, and experience on the other, in shaping the modality- and functional tuning of the occipital cortex. On the one hand, the observation of occipital responses to auditory stimulation (crossmodal plasticity) highlights the ability of the occipital cortex to reorient its preferential tuning towards the preserved sensory modalities as a function of experience. On the other hand, the observation of specialized cognitive modules in the occipital cortex, similar to those observed in the sighted, highlights the intrinsic constraints imposed to such plasticity. In a longitudinal single-case study, we further explored how the neuroplastic changes associated with blindness may interact with the newly reacquired visual inputs following partial visual restoration in adulthood. We performed both pre- and post-surgery measurements in a sight-recovery patient combining behavioral, neurostructural and neurofunctional methods in order to jointly investigate the evolution of crossmodal reorganization and visual recovery across time. We demonstrate that functional and structural changes evidenced in the visually-deprived occipital cortex can only partially reverse following sight restoration in adulthood. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the striking adaptability of the occipital cortex facing drastic changes in visual experience.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Vues imprenables est un récit où se succèdent les monologues de six personnages se trouvant dans un hôtel de luxe le temps d’une fin de semaine. À travers les détours discursifs que chaque personnage emprunte, les mécanismes textuels qu’il ou elle utilise pour éviter de dire et de se confronter aux réminiscences de ses fautes passées, la question du voir et de l’aveuglement se lie étroitement à celle du passage à l’acte. Quels forfaits ces hommes et ces femmes ont-ils commis ? Sont-ils capables de « se voir » réellement ? Quelle est la portée du regard sur le geste qu’ils ont antérieurement posé ? S’inspirant, entre autres, du jeu de société Clue, des Dix Commandements et de l’esthétique du film The Shining, Vues imprenables interroge la notion de repentir, cherchant à savoir jusqu’où le « voile » de la parole peut dissimuler certains actes, jusqu’à quel point le voir peut se révéler insaisissable. L’essai intitulé « Paradoxes du voir et de l’aveuglement dans Ceux d’à côté de Laurent Mauvignier » tisse également des liens avec Vues imprenables : en questionnant les limites et les possibilités du voir dans le roman de Mauvignier, il s’agit en effet d’analyser comment l’avènement de la vue, dans ce récit, laisse en tout temps présager sa possible perte, mais aussi de quelles façons le geste criminel devient « aveugle » au moment même où il est perpétré. En revisitant certains des plus grands mythes grecs, tels ceux d’Œdipe, de Tirésias et de Gorgô, cet essai étudie plus particulièrement la figure de l’alter ego, ce « moi à côté », tantôt coupable tantôt témoin, qui hante le récit de Mauvignier et il propose une réflexion sur les paradoxes du rapport au vu à partir des travaux d’Hélène Cixous, de Georges Didi-Huberman, de J.-B. Pontalis et de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. / Vues imprenables is a fictional narrative that explores the standpoints of six characters residing as guests in a luxury hotel for the weekend. Through discursive detours, and textual devices used by each character to avoid facing up to his faults and confronting the reminiscence of past sins, the questions of sight and blindness are closely intertwined with actions being carried out [passage à l’acte]. What are the characters’ failings ? Are they truly able to “see” through their own self? What part did the gaze play in their past actions? Inspired by the game Clue, The Ten Commandments and the aesthetics of the movie The Shining, Vues imprenables explores the notion of repentance, and by doing so attempts to determine to what extent the veil of words can conceal certain acts, and how sight reveals itself to be forever elusive. The essay entitled “Paradoxes du voir et de l’aveuglement dans Ceux d’à côté de Laurent Mauvignier” also establishes close ties with Vues imprenables, as it probes the limits and possibilities of the seeing in the storytelling. Moreover, the study analyses the meanders in which the advent of sight takes place in Mauvignier’s story, how it always foresees its imminent loss, and also traces the many ways by which the criminal act “turns a blind eye” at the very moment it is perpertrated. Revisiting some of the great tales of Greek mythology (Œdipus, Tiresias, Medusa), the analysis focuses on the particular aspects of the alter ego—“the other I,” at times guilty, at times a witness, who haunts Mauvignier’s novel. The multiple paradoxes of vision are thus scrutinized through a close reading of major writers and philosophers, such as Hélène Cixous, Georges Didi-Huberman, J.-B. Pontalis and Maurice Merleau-Ponty.